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- Volume 6 • Nº 1 • October 1992
- 6.1
- Another good month for Acorn
- 6.1
- The response to the launch of Acorn’s new machines continues to be
- favourable and there is a lot of new software and hardware coming onto
- the market. Indeed, the Products Available section is over four pages
- long this month, despite the fact that a lot of suppliers will be
- waiting for the Acorn User Show to launch their new products.
- 6.1
- RISC-OS 3.1 is (almost) here
- 6.1
- RISC-OS 3 is now (almost) available for all Archimedes users. Acorn are
- ‘working on it’ but only seem to be able to get a few sets out each
- week. We are working through our back-log of orders, so PLEASE be
- patient and try to resist the temptation to ring up and find out when
- yours is coming − otherwise we’ll be spending all day on the phone,
- talking about the availability of RISC-OS 3.1.
- 6.1
- A(nother) new member of the N.C.S. team
- 6.1
- Welcome this time to David Webb who has just joined the merry band at
- 96a Vauxhall Street. David, like Adrian Look and Simon Moy, is a
- graduate of the local University of East Anglia. (I hope this makes a
- pleasant change from all the usual news of job losses!) David and Simon
- have just finished computing degrees at U.E.A. and neither of them had
- used Archimedes machines until they joined N.C.S... but they are both
- learning very rapidly!
- 6.1
- Come and see us at The Acorn User Show
- 6.1
- All of us will be there at the Acorn User Show (for details, see page
- 7). Come to Stand 24 and bring your old software and hardware throw-outs
- for us to sell for charity − in aid of famine relief. Come and meet the
- ‘new boys’, Simon and David, as well as the ‘old hands’, Ali and Adrian
- − and, of course, the oldest hand of all.....
- 6.1
- Yours, as ever,
- 6.1
- Products Available
- 6.1
- • 1.6Mb Drives for pre-A5000 computers − Arxe Systems have produced an
- interface called the Alpha Dual Card. This is a 16 bit SCSI controller
- plus a PC standard high density controller. This uses its own filing
- system called QuadFS, functionally identical to ADFS. The controller
- used also supports 4Mb drives and a future upgrade will provide support
- for 3.2Mb ADFS and 2.88Mb DOS discs. The card is available in three
- versions with optional external cases for A3000: SCSI Only £89, High
- Density Only (inc 2Mb drive) £159 (or £109 without the floppy drive),
- Both SCSI and High Density (inc 2Mb drive) £209. (All prices are ex
- VAT.)
- 6.1
- • A3010/3020/4000 memory upgrades − We can now get hold of memory
- upgrades for the new computers at the following prices: 1 − 2 Mb for the
- A3010 is £50, 1 − 4 Mb for the A3010 is £175, 2 − 4 Mb for the A3020 and
- A4000 is £100.
- 6.1
- • A4 Trackerballs − Those (relatively few!) people who have got hold of
- an A4 Notebook may be looking for a trackerball alternative to the
- mouse. Two have come to our notice so far. The first is a serial port
- mouse from PEP Associates. This comes with special software because it
- uses the serial port instead of the mouse port.
- 6.1
- The other is a hardware modified Genius trackerball from Atomwide. Both
- types clip onto the side of the A4 and can, with practice, be operated
- single-handedly but the Genius one uses the mouse socket and so does not
- need special software. It is available from Archive for £58. See Brian
- Cowan’s comments about this on page 65.
- 6.1
- • Acorn Ethernet Card III is the new version of the Acorn Ethernet card.
- This is improved in various ways and is cheaper! The new price is £149
- +VAT or £162 through Archive.
- 6.1
- • Ancient Egypt − Oak Solutions have produced a package to allow
- children to investigate life in the time of the Pharaohs. The material
- relates to History Key Stage 2 and Technology AT 5. The package costs
- £50 +VAT from Oak Solutions or £55 through Archive.
- 6.1
- • ArcFAX − There is a new generation of modems that can connect to fax
- machines as well as sending data as normal. David Pilling has capital
- ised on this and produced ArcFAX which enables one of these modems to be
- used as a computer-controlled fax. The software costs £23.96 from David
- Pilling. (See Price List for Archive price.)
- 6.1
- • Archive magazine special deal − Most of the back issues of the Archive
- magazine are stored on the first floor of 96a Vauxhall Street (i.e.
- above my head as I write!) and we are getting concerned about the
- structure of the building. As you can see from the picture opposite, we
- need to get rid of a few back copies of Archive. Seriously, one or two
- cracks are beginning to appear in the walls and it has been suggested
- that we should reduce the load on the upper storey. We are therefore
- offering special deals on bundles of Archive magazines: Volumes 1 − 5
- for £25 and Volumes 1 − 4 for £22. There are one or two issues that we
- are getting low on, so we cannot guarantee that you will get every
- single issue. None have run out yet but if you want to be sure of a full
- set, send your money in straight away. Also, if we do run out of any of
- them, we will give a 50p token for each one that is missing. This is
- definitely not ‘vapourware’ − there will be no waiting − I can per
- sonally guarantee that they are “in stock now”!
- 6.1
- • Artworks is here!!!! − It has been a long time coming but it was most
- definitely worth the wait. Artworks is in stock now at £169 +VAT (or
- £180 through Archive). This would be good value if all you got was the
- Artworks program but included in the package are 14 discs full of fonts
- and clip-art. This includes a staggering 220 outline fonts. (You can
- tell your PC friends that the screen display is five times faster than
- CorelDraw on a 486-50 PC!) For a full review, see page 33.
- 6.1
- • Battle of the Somme is a multimedia presentation focussing on the
- events that occurred around 1st July 1916. The main package is £95 +VAT
- from Oak Solutions and there is a Laservision video disc with 35 minutes
- of video and 60 minutes of audio which, if bought at the same time is
- £50 +VAT.
- 6.1
- • CableNews is Lingenuity’s presentation package. It was used to create
- the presentation graphics for the launch of Acorn’s new machines in
- August. It costs £149 +VAT for a single user (£160 through Archive),
- £420 +VAT for a site licence for up to ten users, £676 +VAT for up to
- thirty users and £575 +VAT for a commercial distribution licence.
- 6.1
- • Canon BJ10ex price drop − The distribution price of the BJ10ex has
- just dropped slightly and CC have echoed that in the retail price of
- their Turbo-driven BJ10ex’s. The Archive price has dropped from £275 to
- £260. (Actually, I have just pensioned off the 23(sic)-pin Panasonic
- 1124 dot matrix printer I was using at home and swapped it for a BJ10ex.
- I am very impressed with both the speed and the quality of the new
- printer and the reduced size is very helpful with a restricted desk
- space. If I was doing work at home, I always used to save it on disc and
- bring it to work to print out − not any more!)
- 6.1
- • Canon Colour Printers in stock − The Computer Concepts colour printers
- are now available from stock. They are Canon BJC800 printers with CC’s
- own Turbo-Driver software that makes them work very effectively with the
- Acorn RISC-OS computers. Sadly this is a monochrome magazine but I can
- assure you that the output is very impressive − see the review on page
- 45 for more details. The price, including the Turbo Driver software and
- lead is £1895 +VAT (£2,100 through Archive). The ink cartridges are also
- available: cyan, magenta and yellow are £22 each and black is £17. The
- Turbo Driver software plus printer lead is available separately for £99
- +VAT (£105 through Archive).
- 6.1
- • Chaos is a new game from Matt Black. It is a shoot-’em-up game with
- the usual enemy ships and mutants but it has a competitive edge. You can
- have player versus player or, with the appropriate interface, you can
- have up to four players at once. Chaos is £25 (no VAT) from Matt Black.
- 6.1
- • Chartwell 1.1 − Risc Developments have released an updated version of
- their graphs and charts pack offering various new features including
- negative values in bar charts, more flexible handling of data limits and
- easier labelling and titling. The price is still £29.95 inclusive from
- R.D. and the upgrade is free for existing users.
- 6.1
- • DeskEdit2 was released on 1st October by Risc Developments. This has
- various enhancements including Basic renumber, Basic indenter, program
- mer’s calculator and throwback. The price is £31.95 inc VAT and there is
- an upgrade for £9.95 inc VAT.
- 6.1
- • DrawPlus version 2·20 is now available. This supports all of the
- objects used by RISC-OS 3 Draw (including transformed text and sprites)
- as well as some Vector objects. Text-to-path works under both operating
- systems (ROM and disc fonts) and interpolation is available for path
- objects. Upgrades are available in the usual way.
- 6.1
- • EasiWriter II − Icon Technology have upgraded their EasiWriter
- document processor with extra features such as mailmerge and single key
- case conversion. The price is still the same: It costs £150 +VAT or £160
- through Archive.
- 6.1
- • Freddy Teddy strikes again! − In ‘The Puddle and the Wardrobe’, Freddy
- gets in a muddle and steps in a puddle. While helping him out, pre-
- readers and early readers will be encouraged in visual discrimination,
- logical thinking, sequencing, comparison and memory − and they will have
- fun too, I trust. The Puddle and the Wardrobe costs £29.95 +VAT from
- Topologika or £32 through Archive.
- 6.1
- • Fun School 4 has now appeared. (What do you mean, you haven’t finished
- Fun School 2 yet?!) It comes in the usual three age levels: Under 5’s,
- 5’s − 7’s and 7’s − 11’s. They are £24.99 each from Database Publi
- cations or £23 through Archive.
- 6.1
- • IEEE488 interface − Anyone wanting to link an Archimedes to existing
- IEEE488 instruments will be interested in Intelligent Interfaces’
- IEEE488 interface which comes, complete with software, for £299 +VAT or
- £325 through Archive.
- 6.1
- • Imagery − Palette Studio have created a new image-creation tool which
- takes over where Paint leaves off. It provides 256 colour painting and
- image processing with support for outline fonts. Imagery contains
- various tools for creating artwork from scratch or for processing
- existing pictures captured by digitisers or scanners. It costs £89.95
- inc VAT from Palette Studio.
- 6.1
- • Language and literacy for Special Needs − The Xavier Educational
- Software Ltd at the Department of Psychology, Bangor University now has
- four packages for the Archimedes. Soapbox (£35 +VAT) links spelling
- patterns and vowel sounds by using sampled speech, Punctuate (£32 +VAT)
- helps with punctuation, ThinkLink (£30 +VAT) aims to help with reading,
- memory, classification and sequence and ArcSpell 1 and 2 (£29.50 +VAT
- each) provide a wide range of programs to help the dyslexic pupil.
- 6.1
- • Magpie − Longman Logotron’s multimedia package, Magpie, now includes
- facilities for Acorn Replay and CD audio. The upgrade is free to
- registered users and the price remains unchanged at £59 +VAT from
- Longman-Logotron or £64 through Archive.
- 6.1
- • Mapper Series software − This has nothing to do with geography but is
- edIT Software’s name for their new range of topic-based IT software for
- primary schools. The packs currently available are Bodymapper, Weather
- mapper and Homemapper. These are £44.95 +VAT each with site licences at
- £89.90 +VAT (up to 5) and £134.85 +VAT (5+). There are also French
- versions of each of these packs, at the same price each, and other
- language versions are being developed. (EdIT also sell a range of
- measuring equipment to go with the mapper packs.)
- 6.1
- • MicroSpell 3 − David Pilling has produced a stand-alone desktop
- spelling checker with a 200,000 word dictionary for just £5.99 (or £6
- through Archive). Owners of MicroSpell 1 or 2 can have a free upgrade by
- returning their discs to David.
- 6.1
- • Network technical support − SJ Research have published a technical
- support hotline number which people can use if they have technical
- questions about networking matters. This line goes straight to the
- engineers without going through the SJ Research switchboard. The number
- is: 0223−414532.
- 6.1
- • Oh no! More Lemmings! − For those insomniacs who are gluttons for more
- punishment, there are now over 100 more Lemmings levels available for
- you as ‘Oh no, More Lemmings’. The price is £19.95 Krisalis or £18
- through Archive. You need the original Lemmings disc to play the new
- levels − it is not a stand-alone package.
- 6.1
- • PaySYS is a payroll system from KAS Software (also available for BBC/
- Master) costing £75.
- 6.1
- • PC Emulator documentation − The manual for the 1.8 version of the PC
- Emulator is available separately at £8 through Archive.
- 6.1
- • Polyominoes are now part of the National Curriculum and so Topologika
- have provided three programs which deal with various aspects such as
- tessellation, pentominoes and hexominoes. Polyominoes costs £29.95 +VAT
- from Topologika or £32 through Archive.
- 6.1
- • Portable is the name of a subscription magazine all about the A4
- Notebook and associated products. It costs £15 for six issues. Contact
- Ned Abell, ‘Weatherpost’, Hollywell Lane, Bayton Common, Kidderminster.
- 6.1
- • Printer drivers for Canon LBP printers − Ace Computing now have a
- printer driver (£16 +VAT or £17 through Archive) for the Canon LBP range
- of printers working through the standard ports (serial or parallel).
- This is important because it makes the Laser Direct HiRes4 printer
- usable on the A3010, A3020 and A4000 computers, albeit without the high
- speed of the Laser Direct interface which will not fit in these newer
- computers. You could, for example, sit an LBP4-LD between an A5000 and
- an A4000, the one being connected via the video link and the other by a
- parallel port cable, and switch between the two by using the printer’s
- front panel.
- 6.1
- • ProDrivers are Ace Computing’s enhanced RISC-OS 3 printer drivers.
- They provide full 24-bit half-toned and dithered output, an application
- to print automatically to file and then from file to printer as a
- background task, and a CMYK colour separation package. This can be used,
- for example, to provide full colour prints on mono printers (like ICS’s
- ColourSep − see the article last month on page 34 and the comments this
- month on page 17) or to enhance the black output from a Deskjet 500C.
- ProDrivers are £40+VAT from Ace or £44 through Archive. (Upgrades are
- available from Ace for £25 +VAT.)
- 6.1
- • Removable drives prices DOWN again − Once again, the prices of
- removable drives have dropped. The 42Mb drives have dropped slightly
- from £455 to £445 but the 84Mb drives have dropped more dramatically
- from £670 to £590. The 42Mb cartridges have also dropped by £5 to £65.
- We are selling more and more of these drives and are finding that the
- number of drives returned because of faults is getting less despite the
- increased numbers so it looks as if some of the earlier unreliability
- problems have been overcome. However, don’t be deceived, these are OPEN
- hard drives and so CANNOT be as reliable as the fixed hard disc systems.
- If portability is important or if you are just using them for backup
- purposes, they are, in my view, the best thing since sliced bread!
- 6.1
- • RS423 serial interface − Intelligent Interfaces produce a dual RS423
- serial interface on a single half-width podule for the Archimedes. It
- costs £199 +VAT or £220 through Archive.
- 6.1
- • Saxon Life − Oak Solutions have produced a package to allow children
- to follow the Saxon invasion of Britain. The material relates to History
- Key Stage 2. The cost is £50 +VAT from Oak Solutions or £55 through
- Archive.
- 6.1
- • Sound Lab software − Oak Solutions have produced some more advanced
- software for use with their Oak Recorder. Sound Lab allows samples to be
- turned into relocatable modules and provides a real-time display with a
- spectrum analyser and a simple oscilloscope. The price is £14.95 +VAT or
- £18 through Archive.
- 6.1
- • SparkFS − David Pilling has produced a full filing system for
- compressed files. It reads and writes files compressed in a wide range
- of formats: SEAarc, PKarc, Zip, Tar, Spark, BtoA/AtoB, Boo, FCET and
- UNIX Compress. In addition, there are nine more formats that it will
- read but not write. SparkFS is £23.96 from David Pilling. (See Price
- List for Archive price.) It is also available from David as an upgrade
- from Spark and/or ArcFS. You can have £5.99 off the price for each
- program. Send him both discs and you need only pay £11.98.
- 6.1
- • Special Access Pack − When you buy an Acorn computer, you can buy, at
- the same time, a Special Needs pack for £99 +VAT (£105 through Archive).
- This includes a hardware expansion card to enable you to link to various
- interface units, a disc of special software to provide assistance in
- various ways and a copy of a resource book for special needs. For
- partially-sighted users, there is a coupon to enable you to get a free
- audio tape of the manual.
- 6.1
- • StartWrite − (nothing to do with children’s shoes) Icon Technology
- have produced a word processor ‘for the younger generation’ called
- StartWrite. The price is £49 +VAT or £53 through Archive.
- 6.1
- • Text-to-Braille − Royal London Society for the Blind has produced an
- Archimedes application that converts ASCII text files to a Grade 2
- Braille file that can then be output to a suitable Braille printer. The
- application costs £25 from the Dorton IT Centre, Dorton House, Seal,
- Sevenoaks TN15 0ED. (0732−61477) (0732−63363)
- 6.1
- • Tiles is the first offering from a new educational software company
- called Brain Games. It is a crossword game which is aimed to teach a
- variety of skills: strategy, vocabulary, foreign languages, spelling and
- arithmetic. The English version is £19.75 and extra language discs will
- be available in due course, starting with French and German, hopefully
- before Christmas.
- 6.1
- • TV Fun and Games − HS Software have produced a three-game set of
- programs aimed at 5−9 year olds covering areas of the National Curricu
- lum including Maths, English, Science and Geography. The price is £22.95
- from HS or £21 through Archive.
- 6.1
- • VISYS is a video cataloguing system from KAS Software (also available
- for IBM PC) costing £75.
- 6.1
- • Whale Facts − This is a multimedia database from Topologika about...
- whales! It includes sound samples and pictures for you to print out
- yourself. Whale Facts costs £29.95 +VAT from Topologika or £32 through
- Archive.
- 6.1
- • Wortgut is a German/English dictionary from New Era Software costing
- £25 (no VAT).
- 6.1
- Review software received...
- 6.1
- We have received review copies of the following: 2067 BC, Aliped,
- Archimedes Games Maker’s Manual, Beginner’s Guide to Wimp Programming,
- CSVtoText, DeskEdit2, DTP and Programmer’s Utilities Disc, Gods,
- LandBuild (fractal landscapes), Landmarks Columbus, Landmarks Aztecs,
- Magpie, MicroSpell 3, Nebulus, Polyominoes, Precision, Science and
- Medicine clipart, SparkFS, The Puddle and the Wardrobe, Tiles, Touch
- Type (Is there really no one out there who feels able to review this and
- Turbo-Type and the two PD typing tutors?), Whale Facts, Wortgut, Yes
- Chancellor II. A
- 6.1
- Government Health Warning − Reading this could seriously affect your
- spiritual health.
- 6.1
- “How can a God of love condemn anyone to hell?” is a question which
- sceptics often ask of Christians. Well, let me ask the sceptic a
- question. If you were God, what would you do with Adolf Hitler? Would
- you accept him into heaven? Or what about someone who had molested and
- killed a child? Would you accept them into heaven? Well, what about
- someone who committed some lesser crime?....
- 6.1
- Our natural sense of justice says that there are some people that God
- should not accept. The trouble is, where do you draw the line in
- deciding who to accept? Listen to what Jesus says about this... “anyone
- who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her
- in his heart” and “anyone who is angry with his brother will be subject
- to judgement”. (Those two quotes are from that nice “Sermon on the
- Mount” thing in Matthew chapter 5.) Tough stuff, isn’t it?
- 6.1
- “Well”, you say, “Jesus’ standards are ridiculously high. Why, at that
- rate no one would get into heaven!” That’s it. You’ve got it. You are
- absolutely right.
- 6.1
- Where does God draw the line? He says that if you have ever done, said
- or thought anything evil, you don’t deserve to be accepted into heaven.
- Hmmm? We’ve got a problem here. How can anyone be acceptable to God if
- the standards are that high? If you don’t know the answer to that then
- ask someone you know who is a Christian − they ought to be able to tell
- you what the solution is − I haven’t got space here to explain it!
- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
- Norwich Computer Services 96a Vauxhall Street, Norwich, NR2 2SD.
- 0603−766592 (−764011)
- 6.1
- 4th Dimension P.O. Box 4444, Sheffield. (0742−700661) (0742−781091)
- 6.1
- Abacus Training 29 Okus Grove, Upper Stratton, Swindon, Wilts SN2
- 6QA.
- 6.1
- Ace Computing 27 Victoria Road, Cambridge CB4 3BW. (0223−322559)
- (0223−69180)
- 6.1
- Acorn Computers Ltd Fulbourn
- Road, Cherry Hinton, Cambridge CB1 4JN. (0223−245200) (0223−210685)
- 6.1
- Arxe Systems Ltd 279B Romford Road, Forest Gate, London E7 9HJ.
- (081−534−1198)
- 6.1
- Atomwide Ltd 23 The Greenway, Orpington, Kent BR5 2AY. (0689−838852)
- (0689−896088)
- 6.1
- Bits ’n Bytes (p6) 26 Grenville
- Road, Saint Judes, Plymouth PL4 9PY. (0752−667599)
- 6.1
- Brain Games Swinegate, Hessle, North Humberside HU13 9LH.
- (0482−649288) (0482−641136)
- 6.1
- Cambridge International Software Unit 2a, 436
- Essex Road, London N1 3QP. (071−226−3340) (071−226−3408)
- 6.1
- Colton Software (p28) 2 Signet
- Court, Swanns Road, Cambridge CB5 8LA. (0223−311881) (0223−312010)
- 6.1
- Computer Concepts (p40/41) Gaddesden
- Place, Hemel Hempstead, Herts HP2 6EX. (0442−63933) (0442−231632)
- 6.1
- Database Publications Europa
- House, Adlington Park, London Road, Adlington, Macclesfield, Cheshire
- SK10 5NP. (0625−859444) (0625−879966)
- 6.1
- David Pilling P.O.Box 22, Thornton Cleveleys, Blackpool, FY5 1LR.
- 6.1
- EdIT Educational Software 2 The Crest,
- London NW4 2HW. (081−202−0834)
- 6.1
- HS Software 56, Hendrefolian Avenue, Sketty, Swansea SA2 7NB.
- (0792−204519)
- 6.1
- ICS (Ian Copestake Software) 1 Kington
- Road, West Kirby, Wirral L48 5ET. (051−625−1006) (051−625−1007)
- 6.1
- Icon Technology 9 Jarrom Street, Leicester LE2 7DH. (0533−546225)
- 6.1
- Intelligent Interfaces Ltd P.O.Box 80,
- Eastleigh, Hants SO5 5YX. (0703−261514) (0703−267904)
- 6.1
- KAS Software 74 Dovers Park, Bathford, Bath BA1 7UE. (0225−858464)
- 6.1
- Kudlian Soft 39 Dalehouse Lane, Kenilworth, Warwickshire CV8 2HW.
- (0926−55538)
- 6.1
- Lingenuity (Lindis) Wood Farm,
- Linstead Magna, Halesworth, Suffolk IP19 0DU. (098−685−477)
- (098−685−460)
- 6.1
- Longman-Logotron 124 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4
- 4ZS. (0223−425558) (0223−425349)
- 6.1
- LOOKsystems (p21) 47 Goodhale Road, Bowthorpe, Norwich NR5 9AY.
- (0603−764114) (0603−764011)
- 6.1
- Matt Black P.O.Box 42, Peterborough PE1 2TZ. (0733−315439)
- 6.1
- Minerva Systems Minerva House, Baring Crescent, Exeter EX1 1TL.
- (0392−437756) (0392−421762)
- 6.1
- New Era Software 204 High Street, Woodville, Swadlincote, Derbyshire
- DE11 7DT. (0283−812818)
- 6.1
- Oak Solutions (p22) Suite 25,
- Robin Enterprise Centre, Leeds Road, Idle, Yorkshire BD10 9TE.
- (0274−620423) (0274−620419)
- 6.1
- Palette Studio 6c/6d Belgic Square, Peterborough PE1 5XF.
- (0733−344245) (0733−315424)
- 6.1
- PEP Associates 34 Tiverton Way, Cambridge CB1 3TU. (0223−212251)
- 6.1
- Pineapple Software 39 Brownlea
- Gardens, Seven Kings, Ilford, Essex IG3 9NL. (081−599−1476)
- (081−598−2343)
- 6.1
- P.R.E.S. Ltd P.O. Box 319, Lightwater, Surrey GU18 5PW. (0276−72046)
- (0276−51427)
- 6.1
- Ray Maidstone 421 Sprowston Road, Norwich NR3 4EH. (0603−400477)
- (0603−417447)
- 6.1
- Risc Developments Ltd 117 Hatfield
- Road, St Albans, Herts AL1 4JS. (0727−40303) (0727−860263)
- 6.1
- Safesell Exhibitions (p7) Market
- House, Cross Road, Tadworth, Surrey KT20 5SR.
- 6.1
- Silicon Vision Ltd Signal
- House, Lyon Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 2AG. (081−861−2173)
- (081−427−5169)
- 6.1
- SJ Research J1 The Paddocks, 347 Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1
- 4DH. (0223−416715)
- 6.1
- Soft Rock Software 124 Marissal
- Road, Henbury, Bristol BS10 7NP. (0272−761685)
- 6.1
- Spacetech (p8) 21 West Wools, Portland, Dorset DT5 2EA.
- (0305−822753) (0305−860483)
- 6.1
- System Insight Unit 2, Hertfordshire Business Centre, Alexander Road,
- London Colney, Herts AL2 1JG. (0727−827200)
- 6.1
- Topologika P.O. Box 39, Stilton, Peterborough PE7 3RL. (0733−244682)
- 6.1
- Xavier Educational Software Ltd Dept of
- Psychology, 37 College Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG. (0248−351151)
- (0248−364412)
- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
- Computer Concepts
- 6.1
- From 5.3 page 32
- 6.1
- Computer Concepts
- 6.1
- From 5.3 page 33
- 6.1
- Paul B
- 6.1
- ‘PLEASE buy some Archive backnumbers before I sink without trace!’
- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
- (Cartoon by Jonathan Dellar.)
- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
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- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
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- 6.1
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- 6.1
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- 6.1
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- 6.1
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- 6.1
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- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
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- 6.1
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- 6.1
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- 6.1
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- 6.1
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- 6.1
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- 6.1
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- 6.1
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- 6.1
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- 6.1
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- 6.1
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- 6.1
- SpaceTech
- 6.1
- From 5.12 page 13
- 6.1
- Hints and Tips
- 6.1
- • Alt characters − On upgrading from RISC-OS 2 to RISC-OS 3.1, I thought
- I had lost my ‘×’ character. I eventually found that it had moved from
- <alt-,> to <shift-alt-,>. (Even on RISC-OS 3.0 on the A5000 it is still
- <alt-,>.) So I investigated all the possible ALTernatives(!). Here are
- all the ALT characters I found. They are laid out in QWERTY order but
- where no special character appeared, the key is not included in the
- list.
- 6.1
- key ALT shift ALT
- 6.1
- ` ¬ °
- 6.1
- 1 ¹ ¡
- 6.1
- 2 ²
- 6.1
- 3 ³
- 6.1
- 4 ¼
- 6.1
- 5 ½
- 6.1
- 6 ¾
- 6.1
- 9 ±
- 6.1
- r ¶ ®
- 6.1
- y ¥
- 6.1
- o ø Ø
- 6.1
- p þ Þ
- 6.1
- \ ¦
- 6.1
- a æ Æ
- 6.1
- s ß §
- 6.1
- d ð Ð
- 6.1
- f ª
- 6.1
- z «
- 6.1
- x »
- 6.1
- c ¢ ©
- 6.1
- m µ º
- 6.1
- , ×
- 6.1
- . ÷
- 6.1
- / ¿
- 6.1
- I think that is all there is, but if anyone finds any more, let us know.
- Ed.
- 6.1
- • Annual service kit − In answer to Paul’s comment about hard drives in
- Archive 5.12, p.8, I’d like to sing the praises of the Alarm application
- (on one of the support disks or in ROM on RISC-OS 3). (You will see the
- link if you read on! Ed)
- 6.1
- I, too, would have forgotten completely about the annual replacement of
- filter and batteries, but for this application (which, thanks to my Boot
- file, always resides on the iconbar): When my machine was a year old,
- Alarm reminded me of this fact in no uncertain terms, (‘urgent’ alarm,
- repeating every hour), so there was very little chance of overlooking
- this necessary bit of maintenance. Jochen Konietzko, Köln, Germany.
- 6.1
- • Apple Laser Writer II NT − Here is some information for anyone wanting
- to make a cable link from an Archimedes to an Apple Laser Writer II NT.
- The connections are as follows...
- 6.1
- Archimedes LaserWriter II NT
- 6.1
- Pin Pin
- 6.1
- 2 (RXD) −−−− 3 (TXD)
- 6.1
- 3 (TXD) −−−− 2 (RXD)
- 6.1
- 5 (0V) −−−− 7 (0V)
- 6.1
- 6 (DSR) −−−− 20 (DTR)
- 6.1
- The Archimedes pins DCD (1), DTR (4) and CTS (8) are all linked
- together.
- 6.1
- When using a RISC-OS printer driver you should choose the Serial
- connection with 9600 baud rate, 8 data bits, no parity and 1 stop bit.
- XOn/XOff protocol should also be used.
- 6.1
- • DDE Pascal − Some would-be users of DDE !Pascal (on Careware 17) will
- have discovered that it won’t function in Computer Concepts’ Compressed
- Filing System (CFS), where it generates the error ‘Special field not
- allowed in filesystem prefix to OS_CLI’. This means that the command
- line interpreter, which is invoked to run the Pascal tool, objects to
- some pathname which begins with the prefix ‘CFS#’. The offending
- pathname turns out to be the <Pascal$Dir>.Pascal, as assigned into
- Alias$Pascal by the !Run file with the apparent function of enabling the
- compiler to be located in the application directory. The remedy is to
- comment out the line which assigns Alias$Pascal and move the compiler
- (i.e. <Pascal$Dir>.Pascal) to your library. This brings the configura
- tion into line with that of the C compiler and other DDE tools and
- causes ‘*Pascal’ commands to be serviced by default from the current
- library without any explicit reference to a filesystem. Mike Kinghan,
- Oxford
- 6.1
- • DDE Pascal (Careware 17) − The release of the public-domain Norcroft
- Pascal compiler for the Archimedes is potentially extremely useful,
- since, although ISO-Pascal is very good, it does not interface well with
- the operating system. More seriously, programs compiled with ISO-Pascal
- do not interface well either.
- 6.1
- The Norcroft system is easy to use and install and does everything that
- is claimed of it. Unfortunately, users should be aware of some problems,
- especially since Acorn obviously does not wish to maintain the product.
- 6.1
- I have some extra severe tests for Pascal, which I have used to test the
- compiler. This shows that the compiler has some errors in the evaluation
- of set expressions: the following program failed (printing True rather
- than False):
- 6.1
- {4 5 6 4 0 3 3000 }
- 6.1
- {the parameters from the full test which failed. }
- 6.1
- program test (output);
- 6.1
- const
- 6.1
- ten = 10;
- 6.1
- var
- 6.1
- i: 1..ten;
- 6.1
- begin
- 6.1
- i := 11; (compilation error here?)
- 6.1
- i := ten + 1; (compilation error here?)
- 6.1
- writeln(‘Error not detected‘) ;
- 6.1
- end.
- 6.1
- The first error is caught at compile-time by almost all Pascal com
- pilers, including ISO-Pascal. The second error is caught by almost all
- compilers at run-time, and a few at compile-time.
- 6.1
- When using the quit option in the Pascal menu, the system still allows
- command line usage of Norcroft Pascal, although the icon is removed.
- 6.1
- The final significant problem is that programs written in ISO-Pascal do
- not necessarily compile without the ISO option being set. This is
- annoying, since many programs will wish to use some extensions. I don’t
- know of any other Pascal compiler for which the extension option means
- less (in some cases). Brian Wichmann, NPL.
- 6.1
- • Directory size − Regarding the issue on directory sizes, etc in the
- hints & tips section, there are a few other points...
- 6.1
- RISC-OS 2 has some problems with certain combinations of disk size and
- allocation unit, so beware. The problem usually causes the machine to
- hang when entering a directory. I have only experienced this using large
- allocation units on small disks.
- 6.1
- The fact that a new dir appears to take 38Kb isn’t the whole story, as I
- believe that there is a facility for small files within a directory to
- use some of the ‘wasted’ space. However, if you tend to have lots of
- directories with few files, space does tend to get wasted.
- 6.1
- The best solution as far as both disk, space and speed is concerned is
- to use D format, which uses the ‘correct’ amount of space for direc
- tories and hardly anything for the map. (Remember that there are two
- copies of the map in E format.) D format disks are also MUCH easier to
- recover files from if the root directory or map gets corrupted and files
- can never be fragmented (which slows down access). The only disadvantage
- is the occasional need to compact but I find this a small price to pay.
- I would only recommend E format for non-technical users.
- 6.1
- The same issues will apply to all FireCore based filling systems such as
- IDE, etc. Mike Harrison
- 6.1
- • Impression/Squirrel − CC’s !Importer (also in their Business Supple
- ment) is supplied by Digital Services with Squirrel. Here is some
- experience that might help other people.
- 6.1
- Using Squirrel, I created a database with 22 fields. I then tried to
- mail merge the resultant report CSV file using !Importer. I got an error
- message saying ‘Subscript out of range (Code 6150).’ After some hours of
- fiddling, I eventually found that if I reduced the number of fields in
- the CSV file to 16, !Importer worked OK. Nick Horn, Thetford.
- 6.1
- • Second internal hard drive in an A410/1 − I fitted a 40Mb ST506 hard
- drive to my A410, thinking it would be more than adequate. However, with
- the acquisition of the PC Emulator and the formation of a 10Mb DOS
- partition, I was rapidly running out of room. I subsequently purchased a
- second hand 20Mb ST506 drive, which I decided to fit internally rather
- than buy a p.s.u., case and fan. I thought of making some mounting
- brackets but, having seen an advert for a SPACE kit from PRES which
- included brackets and all the leads, I changed my mind and went for
- that. Price was £38.72 inc VAT. The work involved was to:
- 6.1
- 1) Remove top two podule blanking plates.
- 6.1
- 2) Fit metal brackets to drive using screws supplied.
- 6.1
- 3) Remove the 34 way data cable and replace it with the one supplied,
- connecting it to the existing drive and mother board (SK11), leaving
- spare connector to connect to the second drive later.
- 6.1
- 4) Connect the supplied 20 way control cable to the spare connector
- (SK8) on the mother board, leaving the other end to be connected to the
- second drive later.
- 6.1
- 5) Remove the power cable from the psu and existing drive and replace
- it with the supplied cable, leaving the spare connector for the second
- drive.
- 6.1
- 6) Lead all three cables to the back of the computer and through the
- space left by removing the blanking plates and connect them to the
- second drive.
- 6.1
- 7) Attach the blanking plates to the metal brackets on the second
- drive using nuts & bolts supplied.
- 6.1
- 8) Ensure second drive is set to ‘1’ by changing the appropriate DIP
- switch or DS-Jumper.
- 6.1
- 9) Insert the drive through the back of computer until the front of
- the brackets rests on backplane connectors (psu side) and the blanking
- plates line up with the back of the computer. Screw in blanking plate
- screws.
- 6.1
- 10) Once computer is up and running it will have to be configured for
- a second hard drive.
- 6.1
- The work was very easy to carry out and the instructions supplied were
- very good. The drive then has to be formatted using Acorn’s HFORM
- program. The program had to be modified to do the ‘slow’ formatting by
- altering the following lines:
- 6.1
- 7530 REMmed out
- 6.1
- 7540 REMmed out
- 6.1
- 7550 REM removed
- 6.1
- 7560 REM remove
- 6.1
- Once this was done, the drive formatted with no problems and, using the
- PC Emulator’s configure program, I created a 19 Mb DOS partition.
- 6.1
- I would recommend this solution of gaining extra drive capacity if you
- have access to a cheap drive and do not mind losing the space of two
- half width podules. Chris Bass, Grimsby
- 6.1
- • Mah Jong from CIS − If you have recently purchased the Mah Jong game
- from Cambridge International Software, you may wish to check for the
- presence of a ‘benign’ virus. This can be done by double-clicking on the
- !MahJong game while holding the <shift> key down. Choose the ‘Display >
- Full Info’ option on the filer window. If the MemAlloc module is larger
- that 2608 bytes then your copy is infected and you should contact CIS
- directly at Unit 2a, Essex Road, London N1 3QP or telephone
- 071−226−3340.
- 6.1
- • Measuring free space − I would like to say a big thank you to all the
- people who wrote in response to my plea for help in finding a way of
- checking, from within a program, whether there is enough space for a
- file before it is saved.
- 6.1
- The most ingenious suggestion was to use the following commands:
- 6.1
- *FREE {ram:ccc }
- 6.1
- X=OPENUP(“RAM:CCC”)
- 6.1
- REPEAT B=BGET#X: UNTIL B=ASC“=”
- 6.1
- REPEAT B=BGET#X
- 6.1
- IF B>47 AND B<58 B$=B$+CHR$B
- 6.1
- UNTIL B=ASC“B”
- 6.1
- *SHUT
- 6.1
- to put the free space in the variable B$.
- 6.1
- Some people pointed me to ‘ADFS_FreeSpace’ (also RamFS_FreeSpace,
- SCSIFS_FreeSpace, etc.) which can be used with syntax such as:
- 6.1
- SYS “ADFS_FreeSpace”,Drive$ TO Free%,Largest%.
- 6.1
- The same information was given on page 7 of the Archive 5.12.
- 6.1
- Although all these answers have been very helpful, they have also taught
- me a salutary lesson, namely that you have to be very precise when
- describing your problem: because, although they have answered the
- question (and told me things that I did not know) they haven’t actually
- told me what I needed to know!
- 6.1
- What I actually want is a filing system independent way of finding out
- whether a file with any given path name can be saved. For instance, if
- the user of my program indicates (by dragging an icon to a filer window
- or typing into a save box) that he wants to save a file with the path
- name ‘XXXFS::$....Filename’ and if my program knows how long the file
- will be, I want my program to be able to find out whether the file will
- fit in the specified place, without knowing in advance whether ‘XXXFS’
- stands for ADFS or CFS or SCSIFS or RamFS or whatever. The program also
- has to work if a path is not specified and the file is simply to be
- saved to the CSD.
- 6.1
- A couple of correspondents have pointed out that there is an SWI called
- ‘FileCore_FreeSpace’ (on page 1021 of the PRM). However, in order to use
- this you have to know the ‘private word’ of the filing system in
- question and, so far as I can see, this SWI can only therefore be called
- by a filing system module, which is not much use to a mere mortal
- programmer!
- 6.1
- I still, therefore, believe that the only generalised way of doing what
- I want is to use syntax like the following :
- 6.1
- X%=OPENOUT(Filename$)
- 6.1
- SYS “XOS_Args”,6,X%,Length% TO ,,Allocated%
- 6.1
- IF Allocated% >= Length% THEN ... go ahead and save it.
- 6.1
- This is hardly elegant but it seems to work.
- 6.1
- I understand that RISC-OS 3 will include the generalised SWI that I
- want. However, this will not be much use, of course, in a program that
- is designed to work in RISC-OS 2 as well! Hugh Eagle, Horsham
- 6.1
- • Formatting numbers (continued) − Over the last two months, I have been
- following the correspondence on Basic’s number formatting ability (PRINT
- and STR$) with some interest. Has the increased size and complexity of
- RISC-OS caused the oversight of some of the slightly esoteric but very
- powerful features of BBC Basic? One such feature is the @% variable in
- Basic. The @% variable controls the format of the PRINT and STR$
- functions and much of last month’s discussions could have been settled
- by altering the @% variable so that STR$ was formatted in the same way
- as PRINT.
- 6.1
- @% is fully discussed in the manuals that accompany the computer under
- the PRINT command but I will try to give some useful pointers here. As
- with all Basic integers, the @% variable is four bytes long. When Byte 4
- (the left-most byte) is zero Basic ignores @% when using the STR$
- function (this is the default and the source of last month’s problems)
- otherwise STR$ is formatted exactly the same as PRINT. Byte 3 allows the
- choice of three different formatting types: 0 − general (the default), 1
- − exponent and 2 − fixed. Byte 2 specifies the number of digits printed
- and Byte 1 gives the print field width when you use comma separators in
- PRINT.
- 6.1
- Our problem arises from two areas: the way computers represent numbers
- and the value of @%. At this point, I think it is necessary to take an
- aside into the nature of real number representation in computers so, if
- you are only interested in how to circumvent Basic’s printing problems,
- skip to the end of this article.
- 6.1
- Common advice to novice programmers is not to use real variables unless
- you really have to. Speed and storage reasons are normally given for
- simplicity but a far more important reason is that real numbers are not
- exact in the same way as integers and they must be treated differently.
- A classic example is the problem in mathematics of dealing with two
- representations of, say, the number one: which could be 1.000... or
- 0.999.... As far as we are concerned both are the same but if we ask a
- computer whether or not they are equal, we find not. This is due to no
- fault of the computer or the programmer but the acceptance that
- computers cannot store the infinite expressions for real numbers but
- must approximate to a number of decimal places and so springs up the
- subject of numerical analysis.
- 6.1
- How then do we equate real numbers? Well, we must choose a value for a
- zero! That is a number where any number smaller than it we consider to
- be ‘as good as zero’. An example for Basic is 10−7, any smaller and the
- errors in calculations become significant. So when we want to check
- equality of two numbers a and b we use the expression (ABS(ab) < 1E-7).
- If this is true then the two numbers are ‘as good as equal’. (ABS is
- used since we are only interested in the magnitude of the difference
- between the numbers.)
- 6.1
- The second important point with numbers stored in computers is that they
- are stored in binary. Yes, of course, you all knew that but fewer people
- are aware how computers store fractions. Much like in decimal when we
- have a decimal point, computers use a binary point where the digits to
- the right of the point have place values 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, etc. In decimal
- there is a problem of representing fractions like 1/3 or 1/6 because the
- prime factors of 3 or 6 are not divisible by the factors of 10 (2, 5) so
- you get infinite decimal expansions for them. In binary, the problem is
- greater because there is only one factor of two (unlike two factors of
- ten) so even more numbers have infinite representations (this is why
- some people advocate using base 12 instead of base 10 for day to day
- life − it makes mental arithmetic so much easier). This means that
- simple decimal numbers like 0.6 have an infinite expansion in binary.
- 6.1
- What has all this got to do with printing numbers in Basic? Well, an
- appreciation of what is going on when you store numbers will help you
- avoid the pitfalls that last month’s contributors highlighted. Now that
- we are aware that innocuous looking numbers like 2.1 can have infinite
- expansions when stored in binary, it becomes clear that 2.1 × 10 may not
- equal 21 but, perhaps, 20.99999999!
- 6.1
- Is there anything that we can do about this? Yes, indeed there is. We
- can tell Basic to round off the number to nine decimal places instead of
- attempting to print 10 which extends the precision beyond the accuracy
- (in general Basic is accurate to nine decimal places unless you are
- using the floating point version where I believe 19 is the limit but not
- having a RISC-OS 3...).
- 6.1
- Now we come back to @%. At default, @% specifies 9 decimal places but it
- only affects PRINT and not STR$ which defaults to ten. To alter this,
- all we need to do is set the byte 4 flag in @% to one. Try PRINT
- STR$(0.6) and then set @% = &0100090A and try again (by the way, &90A is
- the default value for @% whereas STR$ uses &A0A if byte 4 is unset).
- 6.1
- If we want to print money then we can set @% to two decimal places by
- &0002020A (remember to set byte 4 to one if you want to use STR$). This
- has the added bonus of allowing you to print the number rounded off but
- still maintain the extra places for further calculations.
- 6.1
- I hope you can now see the power and simplicity of using @%. My only
- warning is that if you wish to use several formats in your program, then
- either save the previous @% or declare it as a local variable. Emmet
- Spier, Guildford.
- 6.1
- This subject seems to have opened up quite a debate. Emmet has agreed to
- edit any comments regarding rounding errors for us and so if your wish
- to add to the debate you should write to him directly. Emmet Spier, 6
- Parklands Place, Guildford, Surrey GU1 2PS.
- 6.1
- • PC keyboards for A4 − A word of warning − not all PC type keyboards
- work on the A4 (or all PCs for that matter!), so take the A4 to the shop
- and try before you buy! Reasonable ones can be had for about £40 at some
- computer fairs. Note that non PS/2 type keyboards (with the 5 pin DIN
- plug) can be used with an adaptor or by changing the plug. Mike
- Harrison
- 6.1
- • RISC-OS 3 DOS partitions − Because DOS filenames (including exten
- sions) are in general longer than the maximum length of a valid ADFS
- filename (10), it is not always possible to copy or move DOS files from
- hard or floppy discs directly to the ADFS.
- 6.1
- The !MultiFS utility as supplied with the PC Emulator solves this by
- allowing you to truncate the DOS filename while the translation process
- takes place. Another very useful option (which I often use when copying
- files from C programs) is to force !MultiFS to handle DOS extensions as
- (hierarchical) directories.
- 6.1
- However, when the filetype of a DOS partition on your ADFS hard disc is
- set to ‘DOSdisc’, RISC-OS 3 will display a filer window for the
- partition when you try to open the folder, while !MultiFS just ignores
- it (i.e. no :C drive on the iconbar.) This is all very nice but RISC-OS
- 3 doesn’t offer the nice name translation options mentioned above. To
- enable !MultiFS to display your DOS partitions, just set their filetype
- to ‘data’ before you start !MultiFS. Remember to use the command line
- and not the filer menu because the latter doesn’t allow you to change
- the the filetype of DOSdiscs. I inserted 3 lines for each DOS partition
- in the !MultiFS !Run file to swap between ‘DOSdisc’ and ‘data’ type
- partitions when !MultiFS is started:
- 6.1
- *Filer_CloseDir <PCe$Drive_X>
- 6.1
- *SetType <PCe$Drive_X> Data
- 6.1
- directly after setting the system variable <PCe$Drive_X>, and
- 6.1
- *SetType <PCe$Drive_X> DOSDisc
- 6.1
- at the end of the !Run file (although the comment tells us not to do
- so).
- 6.1
- Unfortunately, there are some bugs in !MultiFS: When you copy to a
- MultiFS filer window, you must ensure name translation is not set to
- hierarchical or you will end up with wildcards (‘?’) in filenames. When
- this happens you must use DOS itself to delete the file because RISC-OS
- fails to wipe those objects. Another bug appears if you shut down your
- system after using !MultiFS. This results in an error report and a task
- manager crash. Paul Groot, Holland.
- 6.1
- • Saloon Cars Deluxe − If you are having problems running Saloon Cars
- Deluxe, it may be worth knowing that you must have the Font Manager
- installed for it to run.
- 6.1
- • Shareware 44 (Fortran Friends) update − There is a small bug in the
- !Fortran77. DesktopF77 program. Line 1400 should read:
- 6.1
- 1400 IF INSTR(b$,“rror”) THEN E%+=1
- 6.1
- This allows errors in the code generator part of the compiler to be
- detected. Kate Crennell, Oxon.
- 6.1
- • Zelanites cheat − The following program provides a cheat for
- Zelanites. It stops the number of lives decreasing below 9. Steve
- Edwards, Stourbridge.
- 6.1
- 10 REM >:0.$.hints.zelcheat
- 6.1
- 20 REM Archive hints & tips section
- 6.1
- 30 REM (c) S.EDWARDS 1992
- 6.1
- 40 REM infinite lives for Zelanites
- 6.1
- 50 REM ****************************
- 6.1
- 60 REM * When you have run the program the game should *
- 6.1
- 70 REM * then be run as normal. This time when you die *
- 6.1
- 80 REM * you will have not gone down one life but up *
- 6.1
- 90 REM * to NINE lives, which stay with you for ever. *
- 6.1
- 100 REM * *
- 6.1
- 110 REM ****************************
- 6.1
- 120 :
- 6.1
- 130 DIM store% &400
- 6.1
- 140 MODE 0
- 6.1
- 150 PROCDisc_op
- 6.1
- 160 PRINT‘********FINISHED********’
- 6.1
- 170 PRINT
- 6.1
- 180 PRINT‘****NOW GET BLASTING****’
- 6.1
- 190 END
- 6.1
- 200 :
- 6.1
- 210 DEF PROCDisc_op
- 6.1
- 220 PRINT ‘Put !ZELANITE disc into drive 0’
- 6.1
- 230 PRINT ‘ and press a key.’
- 6.1
- 240 A=GET
- 6.1
- 250 PRINT ‘Loading sector information’
- 6.1
- 260 SYS ‘ADFS_DiscOp’,0,1,&50400, store%,&400
- 6.1
- 270 store%?&67=&6A:REM Original code =&2A
- 6.1
- 280 INPUT‘Are you are ready to make the change ?’;A$
- 6.1
- 290 IF LEFT$(A$,1)=‘N’ OR LEFT$(A$,1)=‘n’ THEN END
- 6.1
- 300 IF LEFT$(A$,1)=‘Y’ OR LEFT$(A$,1)=‘y’ THEN
- 6.1
- 310 PRINT‘Saving cheat back to disk’
- 6.1
- 320 SYS ‘ADFS_DiscOp’,0,2,&50400, store%,&400
- 6.1
- 330 ENDIF
- 6.1
- 340 ENDPROC A
- 6.1
- Comment Column
- 6.1
- • Acorn’s education dealer policy − Acorn have recently changed their
- policy as regards selling computers into education. Originally, any
- Acorn dealer could sell computers (at the specified education prices) to
- educational establishments and Acorn would give the dealer a grant for
- each computer sold in order to partially off-set the reduction in profit
- margin.
- 6.1
- The Acorn’s policy change recognises that not all dealers are able to
- offer the same level of service and that not all dealers have the same
- knowledge and experience of Acorn machines. So the aim of the new policy
- is to try to ensure that only competent dealers sell into education.
- They have therefore laid down some very stringent conditions for
- becoming an ‘Education Dealer’. As a reward for satisfying these
- conditions, Education Dealers will be able to buy direct from Acorn
- instead of having to go through the distributor − Hugh Symons Ltd.
- 6.1
- This will help to keep out the ‘cowboys’ but, sadly, some schools will
- find that the dealer who has been supplying them with computers for some
- considerable time and doing so to their mutual satisfaction, will no
- longer be able to help them. They will be forced to find a new supplier
- from Acorn’s list (which I have not yet seen) of Education Dealers.
- 6.1
- What will be the effect on the non-Education Dealers? Well, Acorn have
- reduced the dealer discount by 3% of the retail price and (unless they
- are already amongst the very few Direct Dealers who have had accounts
- with Acorn since the early days) there will be one, and only one, way to
- buy Acorn hardware, i.e. through Hugh Symons. If these dealers decide to
- continue to supply education (despite having to pay 3% more for the
- computers and despite not getting the education grant) there is
- virtually no profit in it at all. Indeed, if a school wants a lot of
- computer equipment and shops around to find the best deal, non-Education
- Dealers would not be able to compete at all.
- 6.1
- At Norwich Computer Services, we have decided that to try to implement
- all the education dealer criteria would completely change the nature of
- our business. We would have to employ someone specifically to perform
- the tasks necessary to meet the criteria.
- 6.1
- Our new policy is that, although we will still sell to schools at the
- education price, we will have to charge for carriage and will not be
- able to give any discount on quantity. This is sad but it is the only
- way we can hope to keep contact with the schools with whom we have an
- established link.
- 6.1
- • Acorn Pocket Books − Acorn say that their Pocket Book computers should
- become available in the second week of October. However, they say that,
- initially, they will be ‘concentrating on education’ so they will only
- be supplying Pocket Book computers through Education Dealers. So, those
- Archive subscribers who are in a hurry for a Pocket Book would be well
- advised to find out from Acorn who the Education Dealers are, place an
- order with one of them and cancel their order with Archive. If and when
- Acorn change this policy, we will obviously let you know.
- 6.1
- • Acorn’s new machines − The new range of A30x0 and A4000 computers is
- impressive but I’m not sure that Acorn have thought about upgrade routes
- for A300/400 owners. It seems impossible to get all but the basic A3010
- without a monitor, which means needless expense for those with perfectly
- good monitors already. Also, I have an 1987 vintage A310 with 4M, ARM3
- and Oak SCSI. The ARM250 may be neat but, being cache-less, it means
- that the cheapest Acorn machine which would not be a downgrade from my
- current computer is the A5000 2M/HD80 at £1644 plus £100 for the upgrade
- to 4M. Surely, Acorn can’t be serious about wanting £1526 for the A5000
- ES with 2M and no hard disc? The 40386 price ‘goal posts’ move every
- week! We need an A4000 type package with ARM3 power (at no more than
- £1000, bearing in mind PC prices) for existing A300/400 owners whose
- machines are getting towards the end of their lives. Perhaps the ARM350
- (incorporating VIDC2) will be along soon! Stuart Bell, Brighton.
- 6.1
- • Acorn A4 − I have just read again your various comments about the new
- A4 machine. In common with nearly all the Acorn Risc Machines it
- certainly sounds like impressive hardware. (I would buy one − if I had
- the money!) There are some observations that I would like to make to
- challenge Ian Lynch’s article in Archive 5.10 p54.
- 6.1
- 1) The old bone of contention about treating educational markets
- preferentially. This has always been an unfair practice, given Acorn’s
- dependence on enthusiasts and other non-educational computer users.
- 6.1
- 2) MS-DOS − It is no good ignoring this operating system. Like it or
- not, MS-DOS and its crippled offspring Windows & OS2 are here to stay.
- Acorn should have recognised this as a fact and have obtained a licence
- to supply MS-DOS in ROM as well as RISC-OS.
- 6.1
- 3) Comparisons of the A4 with Macintosh portable is inappropriate − If
- we can barely afford to buy Acorn, we would hardly be in the market for
- Macs. The real competitors to the A4 are the portable PC Specialists
- like Compaq & Toshiba. How about some comparisons in this area?
- 6.1
- 4) If the A4 is to be successful, Acorn will have to change their
- tactics. I offer the following ideas:
- 6.1
- − Forget about the education market and reduce prices for everybody.
- 6.1
- − Try some head to head marketing against the likes of Dell, Compaq &
- Toshiba.
- 6.1
- − Get MS-DOS in ROM and make sure this fact is well featured in the
- adverts.
- 6.1
- − Try some value added marketing, including some well known software
- bundles e.g. Lotus with the MS-DOS and Pipedream with the RISC-OS. Just
- remember the key part this played in the success of the Z88.
- 6.1
- − Consider selling the machine through third parties such as Olivetti
- (under the Olivetti name).
- 6.1
- − Try some more modern marketing methods.
- 6.1
- I wish the A4 well − it deserves to be successful. I wish I had one. I
- hope that you will publish my comments in order to promote further
- discussion. I would be extremely interested in any response from Acorn.
- G T Swain, Edgware.
- 6.1
- Ian Lynch replies... G T Swain challenges my article, so I will try to
- deal with the points he raises with some reference to what I wrote.
- 6.1
- Giving preference to education − Virtually all computer manufacturers do
- this. Rightly or wrongly, Acorn are not particularly different from
- Apple, IBM or ICL in this respect.
- 6.1
- I would like to bet that Acorn’s revenue from education sales is
- considerably greater than all other areas put together and so, from a
- marketing point of view, it would be silly to let this decline. At
- present, education probably ensures the existence of Acorn for users
- such as Mr Swain not the other way round! I hope that I didn’t give the
- impression that Acorn’s marketing effort should stop here, only that it
- is important to maintain education sales which are real until volume
- industrial sales are more than just wishful thinking. Acorn would like
- to achieve volume in all areas but investment reality dictates a more
- pragmatic approach. The main market for ARM chips might well be Apple
- and its Newton in future. Who knows?
- 6.1
- MS-DOS − MS-DOS has hardly been ignored by Acorn. They have produced
- what is probably the best software emulation of a PC on any machine − it
- can even access CD-ROM. A 386 card from Aleph One, who cooperated with
- Acorn in its development, gives sensible performance. RISC-OS 3 allows
- direct read, write and formatting of MS-DOS discs. If the 386 card is
- too expensive, ask Aleph One why. Almost certainly it’s due to market
- realities. MS-DOS in ROM isn’t a bad idea but it would put up prices
- and, in reality, the emulator is too slow for Windows 3 intensive use
- even on ARM 3. Personally, I hardly use my PC emulator but I do use file
- transfer a lot and my work environment is PC dominated.
- 6.1
- Companies like WordPerfect and Lotus are bigger than Acorn. How do Acorn
- get them to port versions of their software to the Archimedes? Pay them?
- Then what advantage is there in the Archimedes over a cheap clone? If
- you want a cheap PC to almost exclusively run Wordperfect and Lotus, buy
- one. Olivetti are in the volume PC market and, like many clone manufac
- turers, they are hitting hard times because demand is down in the
- recession and there is too much supply.
- 6.1
- The A4 Notebook − I wish portable PCs were the A4’s main competitors. I
- am willing to bet that most A4’s are bought by existing Acorn users or
- by individual first time users. The Acorn customer is more Mac-like than
- PC-like, so a Mac comparison is fair. Most PC portables are bought by
- corporates who will not buy anything that is remotely IBM incompatible.
- That’s sad but it’s a fact of life. The A4 is expensive but, from a
- marketing point of view, fewer high profit margin sales can be more
- profitable than high volume low margin sales. Ask Apple. They increased
- their market share by lowering prices but reduced their profitability.
- High prices are not in the best interest of the user and it is possible
- to price oneself out of the market. This is the argument for PCs for
- all. Personally, I think the IBM compatibility losses outweigh the
- economies of scale advantages or I wouldn’t use Acorn kit. If you do not
- think so − buy a PC.
- 6.1
- Marketing − Head to head marketing against Toshiba, Dell et al is, on
- the surface, a nice idea if the budget is there. Perhaps £10m to start
- with for TV and full pages over a year in all the major newspapers and
- the micropress. For a company with a £40m turnover, this is potential
- suicide. If it doesn’t work there won’t be an Acorn. Would Mr Swain
- stake his house and belongings on such a strategy? I certainly wouldn’t.
- It is all very well making statements such as ‘use more modern marketing
- methods’ but let’s be specific. What methods and what is the likely
- cost-benefit?
- 6.1
- I stick by my views that the following are the way forward:
- 6.1
- − maintaining high performance at low cost related to identified needs,
- through a combination of software and hardware innovation.
- 6.1
- − identifying markets in which they are realistically competitive.
- 6.1
- − ensuring better support and training for end-users than their
- competitors.
- 6.1
- Education and enthusiasts are well-established niches and Acorn needs to
- build on additional niches such as publishing and video editing. In
- these latter two, I am far more concerned about relative short-sighted
- ness in graphics handling (as per the current debate). Acorn’s meagre
- resources must be targeted on focussed areas where there is almost
- guaranteed return or they will go under. It is just not realistic to
- compete head on with the multi-billion dollar PC world in areas where
- PCs are a religion. Ian Lynch
- 6.1
- • Colour printing − In view of ICS’s somewhat belligerent reply to my
- article ‘Colour Printing on Monochrome Printers’ in Archive 5.12 p34, I
- would like to respond to the points which they raise:
- 6.1
- 1. The review was based on a copy supplied directly to me (not to
- Archive) by the author. !ColourSep has been advertised by ICS since
- early August so, with the lead-times which the ‘glossy’ magazines
- require, the ICS version should have been ready well before Archive 5.12
- was published − or was it what Byte’s Jerry Pournelle used to call
- ‘vapourware’ when the adverts were placed. In any case, I kept saying
- how good the !ColourSep software is. Why this defensiveness? (I have
- asked ICS to say whether !ColourSep is available yet but have had no
- response so far, 3rd October. Ed.)
- 6.1
- 2. I hope the ICS manual is as good as Michael Simpson’s, with its full
- colour screen shots.
- 6.1
- 3. ‘Calibration’ is just a pretentious way of saying ‘suck it and see’.
- For a new set of inks, with a specific monitor, you will have to make
- quite a number of attempts at getting the ink intensities correct before
- you can hope that the printed colours will match those on the screen.
- Even then, colours are relative, rather than absolute – e.g. based on
- British Standard colours or other proprietary colour systems.
- 6.1
- 4. Surely it’s self-evident that my ‘absolute quality’ comments relate
- to the printing technology used. The whole system is as strong as its
- weakest link. Are ICS really claiming that ink-jet printers with
- coloured ink and !ColourSep produce better results than any colour
- printer, including the £10,000+ devices based on colour copiers which
- are now available?
- 6.1
- 5. I stand by my comments over the messiness of cleaning old cartridges.
- I challenge ICS to perform the following demonstration at the next Acorn
- User Show: take three used black cartridges, clean them, fill them with
- coloured ink and use them to produce a coloured image, and pay £1 to
- charity for every single drop of ink and/or cleaning fluid on the work-
- surface or the demonstrator.
- 6.1
- 6. When I supplied Mr Simpson with a draft review of version 1.03, many
- of my comments were addressed in version 1.05, which he kindly sent to
- me, with a detailed two page letter. Surely authors and reviewers can
- work together to help refine even the best software in a constructive
- manner, without the humour-less defensiveness to be found on page 37 of
- Archive 5.12? Stuart Bell, Brighton.
- 6.1
- • !ColourSep − In response to the article by Stuart Bell in Archive 5.12
- p34. I also use the program called !Coloursep which I purchased from
- ‘System Insight’ along with the coloured ink refills. My setup is for a
- ‘Canon BJ-10e’. I can confirm most of what Mr Bell has to say about
- using this program, but I do think that he labours the point about the
- ink cartridges.
- 6.1
- They do need very careful cleaning but as long as you are using the
- supplied gloves, this isn’t too messy and the improvement in the final
- printout makes it well worthwhile. In fact, I found out by accident that
- if you prise open the black cartridge on the side farthest away from the
- electrical contact slot, you gain access to the sponge inside and if you
- remove it it’s very easy to clean and then dry thoroughly before
- replacing it in the cleaned out cartridge and replacing the lid with a
- small trace of Bostik glue.
- 6.1
- To be honest, I didn’t do this when I first started and I had endless
- trouble with the yellow ink but not with the cyan or magenta inks. This
- cleaning process is only necessary when you change colours and should
- not therefore be much of a problem.
- 6.1
- It is also very important that you use the correct paper for your
- printouts. System Insight sell what they call Colour Enhancement Paper
- and I can recommend the use of this paper. However, I have also been
- experimenting with other types and one which I like very much is a
- glossy white paper obtained from my local ‘Print Shop’ and since the ink
- sits on the surface of the paper, the brilliance of the print has to be
- seen to be believed.
- 6.1
- All in all, I believe that if small quantities of high quality prints
- are what you need, this setup is for you. Anthony Baker, Warrington
- 6.1
- • The RISC-OS fiasco! − ‘RISC-OS is available now’, they said. So we at
- N.C.S. started an ‘order pile’ for Archive subscribers. On ‘day one’
- (27th August) we ordered 200 sets of RISC-OS from Hugh Symons, on ‘day
- two’ we ordered another 300 sets and on the next working day (the
- Tuesday after Bank Holiday), we ordered a further 500 sets. Today (3rd
- October) over 5 weeks later, we have still only received 70 sets out of
- the 1,000 sets ordered. Acorn say that very large numbers have been sent
- out of their warehouses, so where are they? They are now saying that
- ‘larger quanities will be shipped from the second week of October
- onwards’.
- 6.1
- We have a queue of over 700 Archive subscribers waiting for their copy
- of RISC-OS 3.1 plus nearly 200 A5000 owners (we have so far only had 9
- sets out of the 250 sets we ordered) so PLEASE don’t phone us to say ‘I
- just wondered when I might get my copy of RISC-OS 3.1?’. We will send
- them out just as soon as we can but if everyone rings up we will have to
- spend all day answering the phone. (Even if everyone rings ‘only’ once a
- fortnight, we will be answering 90 calls a day, i.e. one every 5
- minutes, just about RISC-OS!)
- 6.1
- Why the delay? Well, there was an error in one of the diagrams in the
- fitting instruction booklet which showed the ROMs the wrong way round!
- That has been cleared by a single sheet erratum slip, so why is Norwich
- Computer Services getting so few sets? I don’t know. I have spoken to
- various people at Acorn and at Hugh Symons (the distributor) and I
- cannot get any definite delivery dates out of anyone (despite offering
- cash with order!).
- 6.1
- • Secondary cache − I have been taken to task by one or two people for
- stating in Archive 5.10 p21 (Comment Column) that Acorn computers use
- secondary cache. Of course they don’t. The offending sentence which
- appeared as ‘No, Acorn machines feature secondary cache but so do most
- high end PCs’ inexplicably reverses the sense of what I actually wrote,
- which was ‘No Acorn machines feature secondary cache but most high end
- PCs do’. (Oops, sorry about that! Ed.)
- 6.1
- The ARM3 has a 4Kb primary data and instruction cache but off-chip
- memory fetches at 12 or 8Mhz while the processor operates at 24Mhz are a
- key performance bottleneck of the architecture (along with bus conten
- tion between the CPU and video system) which high end PCs routinely
- overcome by having 32-256Kb fast cache RAM between the CPU and main
- memory, in addition to any primary caches.
- 6.1
- The ARM3 primary cache is said to have a 90% hit rate but that is not
- very impressive: if the 10% cache misses take 5 times as long to turn
- around then the processor is on slow feed about 38% of the time. To
- gauge the impact, consider that boosting the bus speed just from 8 to
- 12MHz improves the Dhrystone rating of a 24Mhz ARM3 system by around 18%
- in mode 12. Neither Acorn nor any add-on vendor offers a secondary cache
- upgrade. Perhaps one of the hardware boffins out there would like to
- write explaining why not. To my untutored outlook, it has to be easier
- than developing a PC emulator card. Mike Kinghan, Oxford
- 6.1
- • Spacetech service − I recently purchased one of Spacetech’s FaxScan
- kits from N.C.S. It consists of one piece of hardware and two software
- applications. One of these allows the Amstrad FX9600AT to be used as a
- scanner and the second is called !Directory.
- 6.1
- !Directory allows you to create a directory of memorised telephone
- numbers on the Archimedes and to download such a directory to the
- Amstrad fax machine. Like all well-written applications, the software
- validates the user’s input. In particular, it checks that the telephone
- number entered uses only numbers and no letters. I received my Mercury
- access code a few days ago and keyed that into the Amstrad; now, in the
- Spacetech directory, I had to prefix my long distance telephone numbers
- with an ‘M’. Unfortunately the validation routine (because it was
- designed to accept only digits) prevented me from entering the capital
- ‘M’.
- 6.1
- I rang Spacetech and, as they didn’t have Mercury, it hadn’t occurred to
- them that ‘M’ was a valid input. They ‘corrected’ the !Directory
- application and sent me free upgrade within a couple of days.
- 6.1
- Why should this be worth a ‘Credit where it’s due’ award? The answer is
- because Amstrad has withdrawn the FX9600AT − you can’t buy them any more
- − so there is no big expanding market for an upgraded version of
- Spacetech’s !Directory software. Hence there is no way that the cost
- which they incurred in developing the upgrade (albeit a relatively minor
- upgrade) can be recovered by new sales. They upgraded the !Directory
- software as a pure service to me, maybe their only customer for that
- upgrade!
- 6.1
- However, if you have an FX9600AT and the ‘old’ software and you have
- added (or may add) Mercury to your BT line, Spacetech will willingly
- upgrade your disc. Please send them a label and stamp with your ‘old’
- disc. By the way, if you have an FX9600AT or FX9600T but no FaxScan
- upgrade then you can buy one direct from Spacetech. They have FaxScan
- versions for both the FX1 and FX2.
- 6.1
- I would like to contrast Spacetech’s response with that of Amstrad.
- Amstrad gave me a ‘Customer Service telephone number’ which starts with
- 0898 and is one of those nasty 48p/minute lines. The ‘helper’ on the
- customer service line said that he had no more information than was in
- the handbook which came with the machine!
- 6.1
- Spacetech are working on other projects for the Archimedes. From my
- experience with them I am sure that, if you buy one of their new
- products, they will provide you with good after sales service. I
- recommend them to you wholeheartedly. Gerald Fitton
- 6.1
- • Whither Acorn? (again) − So now we know about this year’s new
- machines, thanks to the slick work of Paul and co. Very interesting and
- quite promising. I think it is very good news that the ARM250 has all
- the Acorn special chip functions built in. It should offer considerable
- savings in cost (not all being passed on, which is quite sensible for a
- while) and even higher reliability rates. Of course, it does not do very
- much for the functional power of the machines, but it shows the progress
- that has been made in engineering. It is a bit strange to have the A4
- launched with old, bulky, discrete chip technology and top performance
- rates, when it might have sold better if it were an affordable portable
- A3020! I guess it all has to do with timing of decisions, and it shows
- how much faster it seems to be to specify silicon and design a board
- around it while the silicon is being cut than to shoehorn in the present
- chips.
- 6.1
- So, what might we expect of the unannounced power machine to come? Not,
- I suspect, the ARM3 built into the same chip as the VIDC2 and everything
- else. Lots of 24 bit pixels need a large bandwidth to get the data into
- the VIDC. Suppose (to simplify the arithmetic) that the display offers
- up to 1024 × 1024 pixels, then the memory requirement is 3 Mb, at 50
- read cycles per second. Pretend that the VIDC will only read 24 data
- lines out of the 32 available, it has to read 50 × 106 cycles per
- second. That is four times faster than the clock speed of the bus of any
- present Acorn machine, so it is a tough target. No doubt there could be
- fewer pixels, fuller use of the data lines, to say nothing of compres
- sion methods, but I conclude that the days of RAM being fully shared
- between screen and program/data are now numbered for Acorn power
- machines.
- 6.1
- It follows that the more logical integration units will be VIDC,
- possibly with extra ‘intelligence’ to handle decompression on the one
- hand and ARM/FPU/cache/write store/MEMC on the other. The latter could
- be a building block for a parallel processor machine. The IOC-type
- functions would be separate. It could be a fast machine, even with all
- the extra video information to create and shift about.
- 6.1
- Suppose that we get a ten-fold increase in performance for a tolerable
- price, what will it mean for us? There would be less hanging about for
- graphics programs to redraw and so-on, for a start. But will we be
- getting close to the point where hardware solutions make hand-coded
- assembler an unnecessary brain-pain to get instant results? I keep
- thinking that it will come and that the clever types at Computer
- Concepts will be an endangered species, doomed to ply their trade in the
- anonymity of the RISC-OS 4 backroom. Probably it will not happen for a
- few years yet, but one day... The solution to the horrible fate will, of
- course, be to think up an application which everyone will want to buy
- and which demands all the power of the new machines. Multimedia? I doubt
- it. Virtual reality? Speech recognition? Possibly. If only I knew, I
- could become rich, just selling the idea to the clever people! Mike
- Hobart, Cambridge.
- 6.1
- • Why didn’t I wait? − I bought my 40M A5000 Learning Curve with RISC-OS
- 3.0 not long ago at £1799 and now I find that for £1699, I can buy an
- 80M A5000 Learning Curve with RISC-OS 3.1. Ho hum! I suppose that is how
- things go in the computer industry but it’s jolly frustrating. What
- makes it worse is that I now have to pay a further £30 to get a debugged
- version of the operating system. Why should Acorn make even more money
- out of me in this way? Stephen Proudlove, Bedford.
- 6.1
- (I think that Acorn have done their best to be fair to earlier A5000
- owners. I reckon that £30 less the postage, less the dealer margin, less
- the distributor margin, less the packaging cost, less the printing cost,
- less the cost of the chips doesn’t exactly leave Acorn a vast profit!
- Ed.) A
- 6.1
- Oak Solutions
- 6.1
- From 5.12 page 21
- 6.1
- Techsoft
- 6.1
- From 5.12 page 15
- 6.1
- Archimedes Disc Rescue
- 6.1
- Mike Allum
- 6.1
- (For those of you with less technical knowledge, Mike has also written a
- ‘primer’ which may be worth reading before looking at the review itself.
- The primer appears at the end of this review. Ed)
- 6.1
- Archimedes Disc Rescue is distributed on a single 800Kb “D” format
- floppy disc accompanied by a comprehensive 94 page manual. It is a suite
- of utilities designed to aid the recovery of lost or damaged files and
- directories from hard and floppy discs, and to enable you to repair
- common disc defects. Four applications make up the suite:
- 6.1
- • !FixMap − repairs media which report “Bad free space map”.
- 6.1
- • !RepairDir − repairs media which report “Broken directory”.
- 6.1
- • !DiscEd − aids the user in recovering deleted files and repairs media
- which report “Bad free space map” and “Broken directory”
- 6.1
- • !Recover − recovers files and directories from media which report
- “Broken directory” or “Disc error”.
- 6.1
- !DiscEd and !Recover are the main applications and, in themselves, are
- all that you require to repair discs and recover files. !FixMap and
- !RepairDir are stand-alone versions of utilities contained within
- !DiscEd. They have been split out and simplified to allow the less
- experienced user to repair media without having to work through the
- relatively complex front-end of !DiscEd. Since they are cut-down
- versions they are easier to use but less versatile.
- 6.1
- Compatibility
- 6.1
- All applications are RISC-OS compliant and install on the iconbar when
- their file icons are double-clicked. All will run on a standard 1Mb
- machine and may be installed onto a hard drive or run straight from the
- distribution disc. Support is provided for the !Help application as
- supplied on the Apps 1 disc.
- 6.1
- !DiscEd
- 6.1
- !DiscEd contains the functions required to recover deleted files and
- repair discs. Essentially the package is a disc editor which allows the
- user to browse a disc’s contents sector by sector, and to perform basic
- editing functions such as altering individual bytes and exporting or
- importing blocks of data. A certain degree of automation is also
- included to enable the user to repair the most common disc faults such
- as broken directories and bad free-space maps.
- 6.1
- All ADFS formats are supported as standard − this includes other filing
- systems such as RAM, SCSI and IDE. Discs from non-Acorn machines may
- also be edited but, for these, access to the repair functions is not
- allowed.
- 6.1
- Display and basic controls
- 6.1
- Select-clicking or adjust-clicking the application’s icon will open the
- sector viewer window and its control panel.
- 6.1
- The sector viewer displays a sector’s contents in hexadecimal and ASCII
- − almost the same format as a “*dump” of a file would − excepting that
- the display is in a scrollable and re-sizeable window. The control panel
- allows the user to navigate the disc by specifying either the track,
- side and sector or the absolute disc address. More complex movement
- about the disc is controlled by the “goto” menu which allows such things
- as locating files by name and finding free space maps.
- 6.1
- Editing
- 6.1
- Individual bytes within a sector can be edited − entry of new values for
- bytes may be in binary, decimal, hexadecimal or ASCII. Much as a word
- processor can operate on marked blocks of text, this package can operate
- on marked blocks of bytes. The user is able to mark a block and export
- it, or to import some data to the caret position.
- 6.1
- Export may be either as raw data (pure hex) or as an image of the viewer
- window (with addresses and the bytes as hexadecimal and ASCII). Import
- is limited to hexadecimal files only.
- 6.1
- Being RISC-OS compliant, Disc Rescue supports in-memory transfer, so
- import and export can be made to other applications such as !SrcEdit.
- 6.1
- Searching
- 6.1
- A search facility is included which allows the disc to be scanned for
- occurrences of groups of bytes. The search pattern may be expressed in
- hexadecimal or as ASCII with magic characters. It may also be limited
- between two absolute addresses − defaulting to between the current caret
- position and the end of the disc.
- 6.1
- Searches are multi-tasking, so the user may use another application
- while the search continues.
- 6.1
- The search pauses whenever a match is found and displays the sector in
- which the match was found. While paused, any of the package’s other
- operations may be carried out and the search resumed as if nothing had
- happened.
- 6.1
- Deleted file recovery
- 6.1
- Due to the way ADFS maintains its directories, recovery is an essen
- tially manual task. Recovery is achieved by locating the start and end
- of a deleted file, marking these points, and exporting the marked block
- to another disc or drive. In the case of files which have been frag
- mented, each fragment of the file has to be found and saved in this way
- before the whole can be re-assembled.
- 6.1
- As mentioned in editing, above, this may be achieved in-memory using an
- application such as !SrcEdit.
- 6.1
- Disc repair
- 6.1
- To check or repair a directory, free-space map or boot sector, the
- viewer must be displaying the sector which contains the relevant disc
- structure.
- 6.1
- When repairing a directory, each entry in the directory is presented −
- in turn − allowing the entry name, length, access, type and date/time
- stamp to be corrected as required. When all modifications are finished,
- the new directory can be saved to disc.
- 6.1
- Bad map repair is quite different. For the newer ADFS formats, all that
- can be done is to swap map duplicates over whereas, for the older
- formats, a free space map can be re-generated by scanning the disc.
- 6.1
- Broken boot sector repair operates on hard drives and “F” format discs
- only. For this to operate correctly on a hard drive, the drive must have
- been “described” to the package beforehand. A description file, known as
- a “record”, is loaded into the package by dragging its file icon to one
- of !DiscEd’s windows. On a healthy hard drive a description file is
- automatically generated each time the package accesses the drive and it
- is recommended that at least one copy of this file be saved on floppy
- against the day that the drive becomes faulty.
- 6.1
- Discs from other machines
- 6.1
- As long as another machine’s disc format is within the physical limits
- of both the disc controller I.C. and the disc drive itself, !DiscEd will
- be able to read it. For such a disc to be read, it must be described to
- !DiscEd in the same way that hard drives are.
- 6.1
- In this way, DOS, Atari and BBC discs can be edited − but access to the
- repair facilities is not allowed since the directory structures of these
- filing systems are so different. Record files for popular sizes of these
- formats are supplied on the distribution disc.
- 6.1
- In use − bad points
- 6.1
- !DiscEd was used over a period of about 2 weeks with a variety of
- simulated floppy disc faults and erased files. All disc faults were able
- to be overcome quite simply but deleted file recovery was really only
- successful for text files which were not too badly fragmented. Execut
- able files were only recoverable if they were stored contiguously.
- 6.1
- However, before judging the package by the last two sentences, the
- potential buyer should be aware of the facts. Deleted file recovery on
- an ADFS disc is notoriously difficult since, when a file is deleted, the
- actual data is left intact but all the housekeeping information (such as
- where it starts and how it is fragmented) is totally and irrevocably
- erased.
- 6.1
- For this reason, file recovery is a very intensive and manual task but
- the package could be more helpful. For example, the Norton Utilities for
- the IBM PC offer the ability to undelete files which are fragmented.
- Like !DiscEd, NU allows the user to select likely sectors but warns if a
- particular sector is already in use by another file.
- 6.1
- It would require no small amount of initial processing time to implement
- this sort of feature but I feel that it would vastly increase the user’s
- chances of undeleting a file.
- 6.1
- Something else to be aware of (but which is not a fault of !DiscEd’s) is
- that MultiFS 1.21, when installed, will be listed as an available filing
- system by !DiscEd. The fact is that it will not enable !DiscEd to access
- PC discs.
- 6.1
- In use − good points
- 6.1
- Overall, the user interface is well-laid out and uncluttered. Controls
- operate intuitively and the ones used most often have been assigned
- keyboard short-cuts which speeds up operation considerably for the
- experienced user.
- 6.1
- One particularly pleasing feature is the ability to close the view
- window, run up other applications (which may even utilise other floppy
- discs), and re-open the window as if nothing had happened.
- 6.1
- Another good feature is the multi-tasking search facility which allows
- other operations to be performed while it is paused.
- 6.1
- !Recover
- 6.1
- !Recover contains the functions required to recover files from discs
- which have media faults. The package is highly automated and supports
- hierarchical (recursive) recovery.
- 6.1
- All ADFS formats are supported as standard. Other filing systems such as
- RAM, SCSI and IDE may also be accessed. Note! Non-ADFS format floppy
- discs are not supported.
- 6.1
- Display and controls
- 6.1
- There is no real display for this package. Save and status message
- windows appear as required.
- 6.1
- For recovering files, there are two ways of invoking the application.
- The simplest is to drag the affected file’s icon to !Recover on the
- iconbar. This pops up a file save icon which, when dragged to a
- directory viewer, start off the recovery process. When the object is a
- directory, the directory plus all the files in it are recovered − if
- possible.
- 6.1
- Alternatively the !Recover icon can be clicked. This produces a recovery
- window which contains editable boxes for the filing system, drive, file
- start and end address/length, type and title. Filling in these boxes and
- dragging the file icon to a directory viewer starts the recovery. (Start
- and end address/length will have to be obtained from !DiscEd.) This
- method is by far the most controllable but is more complex to drive.
- 6.1
- For whole discs (where the root directory is faulty) menu-clicking over
- !Recover on the iconbar pops up a menu which prompts for the filing
- system type and drive number. Entering these produces a file save window
- which, when dragged to a directory viewer, starts the recovery.
- 6.1
- Automation
- 6.1
- Once recovery has been started, the whole process is automatic. A list
- of the files that have been processed is generated, alongside a report
- of how many errors were encountered during recovery. Safeguards are
- built in to prevent the sickly files from being overwritten by the
- recovered versions.
- 6.1
- In use − good points
- 6.1
- !Recover is a real joy to use. It is simple to control, works well and
- is truthful about its failures when it has them. The only irritating
- feature is that aborting a recovery can take quite a while.
- 6.1
- The manual
- 6.1
- The manual contains less about operation of the packages and more about
- how ADFS works. This is quite reasonable since, as has been explained
- above, the ADFS format does not lend itself to easy file recovery or
- disc repairs.
- 6.1
- The operations part of the manual is as good as any of the manuals
- encountered for the Archimedes. Well designed applications require
- little documentation, well designed applications in a WIMP environment
- require even less.
- 6.1
- The ADFS reference section is ideally pitched for someone like myself
- (who has spent many an hour recovering friends’ dissertations from
- erased discs!) but would require a little effort for the beginner to
- master.
- 6.1
- The index is very comprehensive and all references to other publi
- cations, such as Acorn’s User Guides, include page numbers.
- 6.1
- Conclusion
- 6.1
- If you are primarily looking for a package to save data lost on discs
- due to media faults then buy Archimedes Disc Rescue now! It is reliable,
- easy to operate and is currently the only real choice. If you are
- looking for an undeleter − if it’s for anything other than text files −
- it may pay you to wait and see if somebody produces such a thing.
- 6.1
- The software was reviewed on an A310 expanded to 4M, running RISC-OS 2.
- 6.1
- Versions !DiscEd (v1.07) !Recover (v1.06) !FixMap (v1.04) !RepairDir
- (v1.03) A
- 6.1
- Archimedes Disc Rescue − Primer
- 6.1
- Before launching into the review, readers with less technical knowledge
- may find the following explanation of terminology useful.
- 6.1
- Logical and physical abstraction
- 6.1
- Any storage system, be it disc, tape or RAM, may be viewed logically and
- physically. The physical is just that − the parts that you can pick up
- and wave about! The logical is how the computer system “sees” the
- storage − how it is arranged.
- 6.1
- For example, an Archimedes “D” format floppy is a rotating disc of
- magnetically-sensitive plastic which has two surfaces − side 0 and side
- 1. Invisible − but still physical − are the 80 tracks which are
- magnetically “laid” onto each side of the disc, the 5 sectors that each
- track is divided into, and the 1024 bytes making up each sector.
- 6.1
- To use an analogy, the disc is two books with 80 chapters, each chapter
- containing 5 pages, each page capable of having 1024 characters written
- upon it.
- 6.1
- To the computer it seems as if there is a big chunk of storage which is
- 819,200 bytes (2 × 80 × 5 × 1024) long. Even though there are two
- separate disc surfaces (which are, in effect, different devices), the
- filing system allows them to be viewed as a contiguous set of
- “pigeonholes” addressed from 0 to 819199.
- 6.1
- To take the analogy further, the two books are seen merely as a large
- blank area upon which a total of 819,200 characters may be written. The
- first place that a character may be written is given the address “0” and
- all subsequent spaces are numbered from there. To find a specific place,
- only the address need be known − things such as volume, chapter and page
- numbers being someone else’s problem. In this case that “someone else”
- is the filing system which selects the correct volume, chapter and page
- for the computer.
- 6.1
- Directories
- 6.1
- To find a specific piece of data in a book, humans developed the idea of
- an index. This efficient and compact method of random access is also
- used by disc filing systems. So that the computer may quickly locate
- files, an area of the disc is put aside for a directory − which is
- merely an index containing a list of filenames and the pigeonhole
- address at which their first bytes may be found.
- 6.1
- The filing system translates this address (sometimes known as an
- ABSOLUTE address) into track, sector, byte, and side of disc − and
- performs all the hard work of driving the head over the disc so as to
- read the bytes in the correct order and put them all together into one
- file.
- 6.1
- Note that in a heirarchical filing system, such as DOS or ADFS, it is
- permissible for a directory entry to be another directory. Any direc
- tories thus included are known as “sub-directories” and these may, in
- turn, have their own sub-directories.
- 6.1
- File fragmentation
- 6.1
- In older filing systems, files were always stored contiguously − that is
- to say that the file would be saved in one piece. Where that file ended,
- another would start, and so on.
- 6.1
- This simple method is perfectly adequate until a disc has been used a
- bit. When files are deleted the space that they used to occupy is now
- available for use by new files. The more a disc is used, the more it
- becomes full of holes where old files have been. New files are saved to
- the disc in the first available hole that is big enough to take them in
- their entirety. However, eventually, the holes will become smaller in
- size and greater in number. So there might, say, still be 20 Kb of
- storage free, but it could be scattered across 50 or more holes. Then,
- since the filing system’s golden rule is to save files in one chunk, it
- might not be possible to save a 2 Kb file because no one hole was big
- enough to take it even though the total free space was 20 Kb.
- 6.1
- One solution is to compact the disc regularly − causing all the holes to
- merge into one big hole by shuffling all the files about. Another
- solution is to re-define the way in which the filing system works. In
- the E and F formats, the ADFS filing system attempts to save a file as
- one contiguous chunk but, if it cannot, it will cut the file up and
- place the segments anywhere there is free space.
- 6.1
- Although this system is efficient from the point of view of storage, the
- filing system is slowed down by the need to find where all the parts of
- a fragmented file are, and then stitch them together in the right order.
- The other penalty is that files are no longer guaranteed to be con
- tiguous − which can make recovery difficult.
- 6.1
- Free space and file maps
- 6.1
- Older ADFS disc formats maintain a map (or list) of the areas in a disc
- where new files can be stored. The newer ADFS formats keep a map of
- where files, or bits of them, are stored − along with a list of all
- areas of the disc which have defects and, as a result, cannot be used.
- 6.1
- Checksums
- 6.1
- Checksums are used to check that blocks of data have not been corrupted.
- A calculation is done on a block of data and the resulting number tacked
- onto the end. At any future time, the calculation on the block of data
- can be done again and the new number compared with the old. If the two
- do not match then the block has been corrupted so the block is suspect
- and should be ignored.
- 6.1
- This process is used by ADFS to make sure that certain parts of the
- disc, notably the defect map, the free space map and the directories
- have not been corrupted since the last time any data was written to the
- disc. A
- 6.1
- Techsoft
- 6.1
- (Second ad)
- 6.1
- From 5.12 page 19
- 6.1
- Colton
- 6.1
- From 5.12 page 14
- 6.1
- Virtual Store Handling in C
- 6.1
- David McQuillan
- 6.1
- Virtual Store Handling (VSH) is a method for fitting larger programs
- into store than the space available. For instance, I recently wanted to
- run a program from another machine that was almost 4 Mb long. There are
- a number of methods for fitting in such large programs but providing VSH
- is the one that requires least work by the user. This experience
- convinced me of the very real requirement for such a facility on RISC-
- OS. This is how the package described by this article started life.
- 6.1
- VSH relies on making it look to the program as if more space can be
- addressed than is physically available. At any one time, part of the
- program will be in store and the rest will be saved away on disk. If a
- part that is not in store is accessed, a part in store needs to be saved
- away and the bit needed loaded. For proper VSH a memory controller and
- processor design is required that allows this action to happen at
- practically any point within a user program. The ARM processor and MEMC
- memory controller in the Archimedes machines have a few problems but are
- adequate for the task. (The new ARM processors used by Apple are much
- better at the job.) RISC-OS however is not designed with VSH in mind so
- it is not possible to completely hide VSH from C programs.
- 6.1
- On the Archive monthly disk, you will find a directory VSI_C that
- implements VSH for C programs. (VSI stands for Virtual Store Interrupt
- and VSI handling is what happens when space that isn’t in store is
- referenced.) It is about half way to my target and should be treated
- with some caution. I see it as a feasibility proof and way of getting
- constructive criticism.
- 6.1
- As it stands, it will allow programs of up to 8Mb to be run using a hard
- disk as swapfile. It is straightforward to use for most single tasking
- programs and, with a little care, can be used to produce multitasking
- applications under the Wimp. It cannot, however, work under the Task
- Manager in !Edit. The code is unlimited public domain − if you want to
- try producing your own version then good luck! The directory needs to be
- copied to a hard disk with 3Mb available before use. See the ReadMe file
- for detailed instructions.
- 6.1
- So how does it all work?
- 6.1
- The method is fairly natural and it is easier and gives better store
- usage under the Wimp than trying to make everything pageable. A special
- linker !vsilink is provided which produces two files !RunImage and
- !RunHigh in an application directory. !RunImage runs at 0x8000 like a
- normal application and !RunHigh is pageable in an area of up to 8Mb at
- 0x800000. Each input module is put into one or other of these areas.
- Those that need to call RISC-OS directly or have data that is passed to
- the system, must go in !RunImage and the ones only using the C library
- can go into !RunHigh.
- 6.1
- The main entry must be in !RunImage and one of its first actions is to
- call the VSH library to set up a swap file and load !RunHigh.
- 6.1
- The VSH only works for programs and data in user mode. Store is swapped
- in and out in page size units − either 8Kb, 16Kb or 32Kb depending on
- the amount of memory in the machine.
- 6.1
- Normally, calls between procedures in !RunImage and !RunHigh are fixed
- up directly but it is possible to alias calls from !RunHigh. What this
- means is that, for instance, a malloc call in !RunHigh can automatically
- get pageable space whereas a malloc call in !RunImage gets non-pageable
- space.
- 6.1
- For Wimp programs, all the data and sprites that are passed over in Wimp
- calls must be in !RunImage. Before Wimp_Poll is called, a special call
- must be made to save away the page mapping state and when Wimp_Poll
- returns, the memory mapping must be reinstated by another call.
- 6.1
- The future
- 6.1
- I hope to develop this package further so that there will be a module
- which handles VSI’s for all applications requiring the service. Using a
- module would also, I believe, give better control over the various
- places where the page mapping is changed. Also, there should be some
- support or a replacement for the Task Manager. After that, it would just
- be a question of testing and standardising the interfaces so that they
- could be made more dependable.
- 6.1
- VSI handling will, I believe, be an important feature of future
- applications on the Archimedes now that more and more people have hard
- disks. Besides allowing large programs to be run, it also allows the
- pageable space to disappear from store for applications that are just
- sitting around waiting for the user to click on them. A
- 6.1
- Shareware 47
- 6.1
- Edward Hollox
- 6.1
- The latest Shareware disc contains a range of programs supplied as an
- archive with Sparkplug provided to decompress them. As usual, full
- instructions are on the disc. Decompressing programs from PD discs may
- seem a little fiddly, especially if your machine is 1Mb with no hard
- disc, but it provides you with better value for money since, naturally,
- more can be fitted on to the disc.
- 6.1
- When decompressed, the disc comprises three directories − games, utils
- and others.
- 6.1
- Games
- 6.1
- !Bang is a RISC-OS compliant game which, when loaded, installs itself on
- the iconbar with a nice smiley face icon. Clicking this icon makes a
- window appear in 3D Impression style asking your name and the skill
- level required − Easy, Hard or Evil.
- 6.1
- When completed, another window appears with a grid of grey squares, the
- number of which depends on the difficulty − the harder the skill level,
- the more squares.
- 6.1
- The idea of the game is to find the positions of a number of bombs under
- these squares by marking them using <adjust>. If you click <select>
- where there is a bomb, the game ends.
- 6.1
- The first click is guesswork but if it is not a bomb, one or more
- squares will be uncovered showing a number on each. This number
- corresponds to the number of bombs present in the eight surrounding
- squares and so, after a few clicks, some suspected positions of bombs
- can be marked. When all the bomb positions on the grid have been marked
- by deduction from the number squares, providing they are on the right
- positions, you have won the game.
- 6.1
- This game is difficult to explain and difficult to get hold of when you
- first encounter it but I’m sure that once understood, it is very
- addictive. Not the sort of game to while away a few minutes, this needs
- serious concentration but, even so, it is an excellent game with good
- graphics and desktop implementation. Definitely a game to test a logical
- mind.
- 6.1
- !InertEdit is a screen editor for the popular 4th Dimension game
- Inertia. I will presume that anyone who reads this part understands the
- game, but anybody who doesn’t can read the review in Archive 3.12 p43.
- You are instructed by the help file provided to copy the Inertia screens
- from the Inertia disc to the !InertEdit file. A menu then takes over the
- whole screen and asks you whether you wish to edit any existing screen
- or start from scratch. Editing an existing screen is an excellent cheat
- but if you want to start from scratch, a lot of planning on a piece of
- graph paper beforehand is needed. Designing a new world takes a long
- time and you soon get bored with scrawling graffiti on the map − you
- have been warned!
- 6.1
- The actual map, unlike the game, is 2D. This makes it far easier to
- place the various blocks, selected from the bottom of the screen, where
- you want them and, as the author points out, it’s a lot simpler to
- program! The height of the brick can be adjusted using the cursor keys
- and the current height is shown on the bottom left hand corner together
- with the mouse coordinates.
- 6.1
- The designer provides a zoom option (limited to ×2) to save strain on
- your eyes, and a save and a quit option which returns you to the desktop
- exactly where you left it. If you are very patient, I’m sure a lot of
- challenging screens could be designed but the two supplied with the
- commercial game contain enough challenges for me!
- 6.1
- !Zoo is an expert system desktop simulation and, as you may expect, it’s
- an ‘expert’ on animals. The first thing I noticed was the !Help file
- which was only the title of the program and the author’s address.
- Although not a complex program, a simple word of explanation would have
- been helpful and, anyway, what is an expert system?
- 6.1
- An expert system is a program using techniques of artificial intelli
- gence to be used for problem solving and, in some cases, examples of
- these systems are used for medical diagnosis. Sounds impressive, doesn’t
- it? All this program does really is ask you a series of questions and
- tries to determine the animal you are thinking about. If it gives you
- the wrong answer, you can tell it a question it can ask to distinguish
- between the animal you were thinking of and the animal that the computer
- deduced. This question is then written into the data files so that it is
- ‘remembered’ for future use.
- 6.1
- The data file on animals for this program is small, but could be
- expanded using the method above. The presentation is neat, with
- Impression-style boxes, but the English used is pretty poor due to the
- fact that the author is Italian.
- 6.1
- !Zoo is really only meant to be a demonstrator and needs more work,
- perhaps on a different subject, before it could be useful.
- 6.1
- Utilities
- 6.1
- !KeyWindow is a superb program by Richard Hallas. It installs itself on
- the iconbar and displays a scrollable keystrip on the screen in a normal
- window. The keystrip can be for any of 12 applications including
- Impression 2, Rhapsody and Vector but a new keystrip can be created and
- saved very easily on screen (maximum is 32 keystrips). The keystrip also
- updates itself to whichever piece of software the caret is in, so if you
- are running, say, Impression and DrawPlus, you can swap between the two
- and the keystrip changes automatically.
- 6.1
- Clicking on the appropriate area on the keystrip will perform that
- function in the piece of software that the keystrip relates to − an
- excellent idea for people who struggle with menus and always lose the
- keystrip.
- 6.1
- A compress option is provided so that all the keys can be viewed on the
- screen without scrolling, and it has other useful ideas such as <Ctrl-
- Shift-Tab> to toggle the window between the back and the front of other
- windows on the screen. This is a really useful piece of software and
- worth £3 in its own right.
- 6.1
- !ObjBackup is a program which allows you to specify various directories
- and files, store these pathnames in a data file and backup those files/
- directories from hard disc to floppies. This would be useful for people
- wordprocessing or using DTP since after a day’s work, the same files
- could be backed up day after day.
- 6.1
- As it stands (version 0.03) this program is rather simple, with non-
- standard desktop colours adding to its garishness (but I’m sure the
- template file inside the application directory could be altered using
- !FormEd to use more suitable colours). The list of objects can easily be
- amended by dragging them to the main window and objects can be removed
- from the list. Once the OK button is clicked, the backup starts.
- 6.1
- This could be useful but is definitely not anything special.
- 6.1
- !Typewrite is a simple non-multitasking typing tutor reminiscent of the
- Pitman programs on the old BBC ‘B’ which may have been good, but bored
- me to tears. It consists of varying exercises of repetitive key
- pressing, and has the usual features of time-keeping, mixed exercises
- and using special characters. Not very impressive at all − it seems like
- a Beeb program transferred to the Archimedes, even if it isn’t.
- 6.1
- !Plinth is a sprite manipulation program which, when given a
- ‘background’ and a ‘picture’ sprite, places the latter on top of the
- former using a plinth. One sprite is dragged to a small window whilst
- the other is dragged to the icon on the iconbar. The resultant sprite is
- a satisfactory plinth. The height and form of this plinth can be
- controlled using the excellent desktop interface and, for people who
- need to manipulate sprites a lot, this is a handy program. For the
- general user, though, it will one of those programs too good to get rid
- of, but which ends up cluttering your discs and never being used.
- 6.1
- Others
- 6.1
- This rather vaguely titled directory is comprised of the programs which
- aren’t games or utilities.
- 6.1
- !Tesseract is a display simulation of a four dimensional cube. It needs
- the latest version of Clib (0.75) available on Shareware 17.
- 6.1
- Someone significant, whose name I have forgotten, said that our universe
- is 3D because three is the minimum number of dimensions needed for life
- to survive. 1D is simply a dot, whilst a 2D dog would have its gut
- divide its lower body from its upper body. Mathematicians and philoso
- phers no doubt have speculated on a 4D world and this program shows us a
- 4D cube (hypercube or tesseract) through the eye of a 4D being.
- 6.1
- How can 4D be shown on a 2D monitor which can only give the illusion of
- 3D? To explain this, you must remember that the image on the back of our
- eyes is a 2D image, which, when combined with another 2D image from a
- slightly different angle, is perceived as a 3D image by the brain. If
- you don’t believe me try catching a ball or judging distance with one
- eye closed − its more difficult because, since you are seeing a 2D
- image, you lose the perception of depth.
- 6.1
- The program shows you the 3D image of the hypercube which would appear
- on one of the 4D being’s eyes. Presumably with his other 3D image he
- could construct a 4D image, though to produce the two 3D images, he
- would perhaps need four eyes, and the interpretation of different
- signals from four eyes to produce a 4D image would take a lot of brain
- power!
- 6.1
- Rotating the hypercube by mouse, shows the spheres on each corner
- rotating and going behind and in front of each other whilst retaining a
- solid structure − this becomes confusing after a while.
- 6.1
- This program is smooth and fast and even if, like me, you can’t cope
- with the maths, thinking about a 4D world will certainly give you a
- headache.
- 6.1
- !Eyes heralds a return to a more down-to-earth topic namely silly little
- things that you can put on your RISC-OS desktop. This is another one of
- those pair of eyes which follow your mouse around the desktop. If you
- have an obsession for novelties, it may be of value but there is a far
- better one called !BabyBlues on Shareware 23 whose eyes are much nicer
- and follow you around more smoothly.
- 6.1
- !Orbits is a program which traces orbits of various objects though space
- obeying the law of gravity and hence mutual gravitational attraction.
- The program takes over the whole computer but provides a multi-tasking
- front end.
- 6.1
- To the icon on the iconbar can be dragged text data files of various
- systems such as a binary star system or object capture. Seven examples
- are provided and more can be created by specifying in a text file the
- masses, positions and velocities of each object you wish to include.
- 6.1
- The display takes these values and displays the orbits of them − the
- graphics are quite smooth but very simple − each mass is just a dot. A
- trail option is included so each mass can leave a red trail and
- sometimes this produces a pretty pattern.
- 6.1
- One of the most useful pieces, however, has nothing to do with the
- actual program. It is a fairly large text file distributed freely by the
- Free Software Foundation in the USA and is a licence agreement for the
- distribution of PD. This describes, in minute detail, the legal aspects
- of PD distribution.
- 6.1
- The actual orbits program is quite fun and could perhaps be used as a
- serious simulator but, apart from the RISC-OS interface, has a slight
- amateurish feel about it.
- 6.1
- Conclusion
- 6.1
- Another fine disc of PD software from NCS. This has a couple of program
- gems on it which are worth the £3 alone. Most of the other programs are
- good enough, but not special unless you really need them. This disc may
- be more expensive than other PD library’s discs but the quality and
- number of programs is much higher. A
- 6.1
- Artworks − The Review
- 6.1
- Neil Whiteley-Bolton
- 6.1
- (Two months ago, Tord Eriksson did a preview of Artworks. Now that
- Artworks is available, we have an actual review. Ed)
- 6.1
- This month’s DTP Column is dedicated to a review of Computer Concept’s
- new drawing program Artworks. The review is based upon the final pre-
- release version (0.904), though version 1.00 should be available by the
- time you read this review. (Available from Archive at £180. Ed.)
- 6.1
- Artworks − The main features:
- 6.1
- Modular, object-oriented design − One of the main (claimed) benefits of
- the object-oriented approach is improved reusability/maintainability of
- code. The benefit to users in this case would be in terms of how easily
- extra functionality could be added to the program.
- 6.1
- Anti-aliased display − Artworks uses on-screen anti-aliasing (as with
- the Acorn outline fonts) to provide what is, in effect, a much higher
- screen resolution. CC claim a four fold increase in apparent screen
- resolution. In use, I found this feature useful for ALL drawings, and
- absolutely vital for detailed work.
- 6.1
- 24 bit colour with on-screen dithering − The colour information for all
- objects is held in full 24-bit representation and displayed on screen
- using proprietary dithering techniques to display a full spectrum of
- colours.
- 6.1
- The program
- 6.1
- Artworks is supplied on 15 discs and comprises:
- 6.1
- • Artworks, the program
- 6.1
- • Utilities including NewModes (as supplied with Impression) and
- FlipTop, which replaces the palette icon and provides an easy way of
- changing screen modes without having to know the mode numbers
- 6.1
- • 220 (yes, 220) fonts, in RISC-OS 2 format
- 6.1
- • 200 page manual
- 6.1
- • 40 page guide to printing, with colour charts
- 6.1
- • Quick reference guide, with font listing.
- 6.1
- In use
- 6.1
- New documents are opened in the usual manner, by clicking on the program
- icon. Clicking within the window brings up the Toolbox and Infobar. The
- Toolbox is a rearrangeable collection of icons representing the
- available tools, which are selected by clicking. The Infobar has two
- sections. The area on the left provides extra facilities and/or edit
- options for the currently selected tool and the right hand section
- provides, irrespective of the tool selected, access to the following:
- 6.1
- Undo/Redo facility − Artworks has an almost limitless undo-redo
- facility. It is limited only by the size of the redo buffer, which can
- be set to any value up to the maximum of 1 Mb. This redo buffer is saved
- with the document, allowing anyone with a copy of the file to return to
- any point during the creation of the image.
- 6.1
- WYSIWYG variable display quality control − this control varies the
- quality of the screen display: 0, the minimum, displays simple wire-
- frame outline drawings; 11, the maximum, displays fully anti-aliased
- drawings, in full colour.
- 6.1
- Grid locking − clicking <select> on the grid icon locks to the grid,
- clicking <adjust>, locks to the grid and shows the grid.
- 6.1
- Layer selection − Artworks supports multiple layered drawings which can
- be viewed and edited in isolation, or in conjunction with one or more of
- the other levels.
- 6.1
- Artworks, like Impression, allows you to have multiple views of the same
- document, these views each having their own scale and WYSIWYG settings.
- 6.1
- Preferences can be set for Artworks, exported drawfiles and PostScript
- output from an option on the program menu. Paper options and document-
- related Artworks options can be set via a main menu option. These afford
- comprehensive control over paper size and colour, measurement units
- used, output/export requirements, etc.
- 6.1
- Objects
- 6.1
- Artworks understands three types of objects − lines, shapes and text
- (though text could be considered as a special kind of shape) and
- provides a number of tools for creating these objects:
- 6.1
- Lines can be created using with the straight ‘line’ tool, the ‘curve’
- tool and the ‘freehand’ tool. The first two have their equivalents in
- Draw, though the freehand tool is more unusual, in that it records mouse
- movements and produces a line which corresponds with those movements
- more or less accurately − as determined by a ‘percentage accuracy’
- slider control on the Infobar (higher percentage values generate a
- smoother line). It is possible to switch immediately from one to another
- whilst drawing a line.
- 6.1
- If the ends of one or more lines are positioned sufficiently close, then
- Artworks realises that you probably want to join them together and
- performs this action for you. Joining the ends of a line makes a shape
- and Artworks indicates that this has happened by filling the shape with
- the currently selected colour.
- 6.1
- There are three tools for creating shapes: the ‘rectangle’, ‘rounded
- rectangle’ and ‘ellipse’, which function in a similar fashion to those
- in Draw. Holding down <ctrl> constricts the tools, creating squares,
- rounded squares and circles.
- 6.1
- The ‘text’ tool allows, naturally enough, text entry. When the ‘text’
- tool is selected the infobar indicates, and allows the user to edit, the
- typeface and size of the text. The values can be edited at any time
- during and after creation of the text object.
- 6.1
- The ‘colour’ tool allows the line and fill colours for objects to be set
- and modified, colours being either selected from an existing range or
- ‘picked’ using either the HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value), RGB or CMYK
- colour pickers. A ‘picked’ colour can be assigned a name and added to
- the existing list of colours, allowing the user to select or edit it at
- a later stage.
- 6.1
- Manipulation
- 6.1
- Objects are selected by clicking on the object itself, rather than just
- anywhere within the bounding box, and whilst this might sound more
- restricting, in fact it is a great advantage, especially when a number
- of objects overlay each other. Objects can be moved by simply clicking
- <select> and then dragging.
- 6.1
- The editing of lines is extremely simple. Segments can be added,
- deleted, broken or a point changed from a curve to a corner by clicking
- on the line having first selected the appropriate type from the Infobar.
- Line thickness, winding rules, end types can all be set effortlessly.
- Control points can be dragged around, individually or with multiple
- points selected (using <adjust>). On a curved section, the bezier
- control points can be dragged around. Multiple selections can be aligned
- with respect to each other in various ways, ‘joined’ or grouped
- together.
- 6.1
- Objects may be rotated by simply selecting the rotate tool and then
- dragging anywhere on the screen. The centre of rotation can be posi
- tioned anywhere, although nine useful presets − corners, centres of
- edges and the centre can quickly be selected from the Infobar. One of
- the beauties of the object oriented design is that effects such as
- rotation can be applied to any kind of object. For instance, you can
- rotate a line of text, select the ‘text’ tool and click between two of
- the letters − and still type and delete text as if it were a line of
- text in an Impression document − amazing!
- 6.1
- Objects can be scaled, as with rotate, by selecting the ‘scale tool’ and
- dragging. Again, as with the rotate tool, the point about which the
- object is scaled can be anywhere (click <adjust>) or one of nine useful
- presets. Further, the aspect ratio can be locked, lines scaled with the
- object and objects flipped around either axis.
- 6.1
- There are tools for ‘graduated’ and ‘radial’ fill and these are
- delightfully simple to use − select the start colour, the finish colour
- and then drag an arrow from a point of 100% start colour to a point of
- 100% finish colour. The arrow does not have to be within the object.
- Fills are calculated ‘on the fly’ and the whole process is lightning
- fast.
- 6.1
- The ‘envelope’ tool allows objects to be distorted in a controlled
- manner − you define the shape of the envelope and the object is
- distorted to fit. The effect is almost instantaneous and, as a conse
- quence, it is a genuine pleasure experimenting with new effects.
- 6.1
- The ‘perspective’ tool allows for the creation of true 3D projections.
- As with all the other tools in Artworks, it is simplicity itself to use
- − select the object, then select the ‘perspective’ tool and drag the
- corner points. Once a perspective has been applied, its vanishing
- point(s) are shown and these can then be dragged around. As you might
- expect by now, the changes are reflected virtually instantaneously on
- the screen!
- 6.1
- I have left my favourite tool, the ‘blend’, until last. Lines and
- objects, irrespective of the number of sections, or the colour, or the
- line thickness can be ‘morphed’ or ‘blended’ into each other or into
- another blend. The number of intermediate steps can be selected or
- modified at any time via the controls on the Infobar. Further, the
- original objects remain editable even after morphing − absolutely
- amazing!! Morphs, or blends as CC call them, are calculated ‘on the fly’
- and thus occupy very little memory. The picture illustrates some of the
- effects which are possible with these tools.
- 6.1
- Import/Export
- 6.1
- A great deal of effort has obviously gone into making Artworks compat
- ible with programs on other platforms. Artworks can import EPS files and
- files from CorelDraw, Adobe Illustrator and Freehand but, what is more,
- it can create them as well!! I tried this myself using CorelDraw and
- experienced no difficulty either reading the file created in CorelDraw
- or producing a file which CorelDraw was happy to accept.
- 6.1
- Sprites and drawfiles can be included in Artworks documents and all
- Artworks documents can be output as drawfiles.
- 6.1
- Printing
- 6.1
- RISC-OS printer drivers, including CC’s new colour drivers are naturally
- supported and there is full support for PostScript. Spot colours,
- individual separations and full separations can be output to any printer
- from a dot matrix through to an image setter and also to the screen. For
- professional use, there is control over screen angles and density,
- bleed, colour fill and over print. Artworks also supports tiling, so
- large images can be generated using virtually any printer.
- 6.1
- EPS Dialogue Box
- 6.1
- Overall impressions
- 6.1
- Anybody having read this far will realise that I am extremely impressed
- with Artworks. I would heartily encourage everyone to try it for
- themselves. It is extremely fast and most actions or updates appear to
- be instantaneous. This is extremely important if you are using the
- program as a productive tool, as there is nothing more frustrating than
- sitting drumming your fingers whilst the program catches up with you.
- 6.1
- The tools are versatile, powerful, well integrated and very easy to use
- (I was doing productive work within half an hour of receiving my copy).
- Further, the luxury of having the undo/redo facility encourages
- experimentation, because the user can be confident of being able to
- return to previous state. In addition, we now have full colour output
- capability on the Acorn machines and this can only aid the machine’s
- acceptance in the professional publishing world.
- 6.1
- In summary, I think Artworks is a wonderful program and I am astonished
- that the asking price is below £200 inc. VAT. It is worthwhile consider
- ing that a program like this for IBM compatible PC’s would cost close to
- three times the price. Also, because of the much larger market, the
- software house might expect sales volumes many times greater than CC
- will be likely to achieve with Artworks.
- 6.1
- P.S. Artworks, like Impression, is protected by a dongle. I have no
- objection to dongles, have never had any problems with any of mine and
- would remind those who object so strongly to them, that the alternative
- adopted by a number of software houses is to design programs which are
- so unfriendly that you need to have the manual to figure out how they
- work! A
- 6.1
- Align objects dialogue box
- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
- Drawing illustrating blending techniques
- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
- Help!!!!
- 6.1
- • Artworks Editor − Is there anyone out there who could edit an Artworks
- Column for us? It is such an important new piece of software for the
- Archimedes that I want to give it as much support as possible.
- 6.1
- • C Programming − Does a C programmers’ club exist for the Archimedes?
- If not, would anyone like one set up? I would be happy to set this up if
- there is a big enough response. Please write to me, Shanawaz Basith at
- 196 Burgess Road, Bassett, Southampton SO2 3AY with any ideas, etc. (No
- phone calls please.)
- 6.1
- • Doctor’s DTP − Is there anyone out there using a medical dictionary
- for Impression? If so, could that dictionary be made available to
- others? M Strutt, Broad Oak Computers.
- 6.1
- • DTP editor − Is there anyone who would be interested in the possibil
- ity of joining the team of DTP editors? There are three people doing it
- at the moment, so they do one article every three months. We would like
- one more if we can find someone else suitable. Any offers?
- 6.1
- • HP Laser Jet IIIP − Does anyone know how to get an HP Laser Jet IIIP
- to print to the printer margins, i.e. about 5mm within the edge of an A4
- sheet using RISC-OS printer drivers? Nick Horn, Thetford.
- 6.1
- • RISC-OS editor − Is there anyone who would be prepared to be a ‘RISC-
- OS 3 Editor’ for us? In other words, we need someone to whom we (and
- Archive readers) could send comments about changes between RISC-OS 2 and
- RISC-OS 3 who could then write a (monthly?) column about it. We already
- have some information but it really needs someone to read it all through
- and interpret it in practical terms to other Archive readers. Any
- offers?
- 6.1
- • TV interference − Does any 300 or 400 series owner have trouble with
- their machine interfering with their neighbour’s television? Can it be
- prevented? Chris Bass, Grimsby. A
- 6.1
- Help offered
- 6.1
- • PickAPic update − The !PickAPic application on Shareware Disc 45 has
- now been updated to version 1.05. This has a few bug fixes which makes
- the program much more reliable. If you want an upgrade, the author would
- be happy to send you one if you send him a blank formatted disc and an
- SAE. Contact Hugh Eagle, 48 Smithbarn, Horsham, Sussex RH13 6DX.
- 6.1
- • PipeDream and RISC-OS 3 − Recently I have been asked many times
- whether PipeDream ‘works’ with RISC-OS 3. The answer is a slightly
- qualified ‘Yes’. If you have an early version of PipeDream 3 then you
- may have a problem or two with RISC-OS 3. The solution is to upgrade
- your copy of PipeDream 3 to version 3.14. The upgrade is free.
- 6.1
- There are no problems with any version of PipeDream 4 but, just for the
- record, the latest version is 4.13 and (since 4.10) the charts have been
- improved. If you need a free upgrade to 4.13, send both your program and
- examples discs to Colton Software. Gerald Fitton. A
- 6.1
- !Killer and Vprotect
- 6.1
- Rob Wears
- 6.1
- The virus protection program, !Killer (version 1.370) and the Vprotect
- virus protection module from Pineapple Software were reviewed on an A310
- with RISC-OS 2, 4Mb RAM, ARM3 and an Oak SCSI drive.
- 6.1
- In an ideal world, there would be no need for a package like this.
- However, one look at the news should convince you that there are some
- really nasty people out there and more than a handful of rather stupid
- ones. Somewhere in amongst those groups are the clowns who write
- computer viruses. The Acorn range of computers has not been as vulner
- able to viruses as certain PCs because the Acorn operating systems have
- always resided in ROM. However, we shouldn’t be too smug. There are
- several unpleasant viruses out there that will wreck your disc-based
- applications and crash your machine if you give them the chance. Various
- “disinfecting” programs have appeared over the past couple of years but
- most seem to have fallen out of use due to lack of support. In this
- area, support is absolutely vital − it is hard to think of anything that
- could do more harm than an out-of-date “disinfectant” telling you that
- all is well, when it is allowing a brand new virus to infect your
- system. I am pleased to say that !Killer comes with a guarantee of
- support, at a price.
- 6.1
- The program will be superficially familiar to most Archive readers as a
- it is descendent of the original Acorn virus killer, and a recent
- version of it was distributed on the cover disc of another Archimedes
- magazine a few months ago. The latest version installs itself on the
- iconbar in the usual way, but unlike previous versions, it is now
- possible to use the software from a write-protected floppy disc. This
- will prevent the !Killer application itself being infected. This was
- previously not possible because !Killer automatically kept a record of
- the discs it had scanned. You can now direct this recording of its
- findings to another disc of your choice; this is a good example of
- improved security through good software support. !Killer checks to see
- if it has become infected and will not load if it finds evidence of
- tampering. !Killer then checks whether any viruses are already loaded
- and will either remove them or render them impotent in the case of ones
- which cannot easily be removed from memory. Error boxes are used to
- report any viruses discovered. You will also get a warning from !Killer
- if it finds that VProtect is not loaded (or if it was loaded, and has
- been removed).
- 6.1
- You can then scan any disc you like, looking for viruses. The only
- problem I found with the software was that it couldn’t initiate scans of
- !CFS drives directly from the iconbar menu, although it is possible to
- do so by pressing <Shift-ctrl-tab> with the mouse pointer in a !CFS
- filer window, or by dragging a directory/application to the !Killer
- icon. It copes with !Spark and !ArcFS archives without any problems at
- all.
- 6.1
- If you decide to scan your latest 512 Mb hard drive packed with PD
- software, be prepared to go and make a cup of tea while it scans and
- then be prepared to spend a couple of hours reading the report of the
- scan − !Killer is a very suspicious chap, and reports just about every
- application it comes to! However, there is a (hopefully very short)
- section on the infections it actually found and dealt with. You can also
- configure !Killer to capture any virus found, presumably so that you can
- send it off for further study.
- 6.1
- So do you actually need !Killer? I suppose that really depends on your
- level of paranoia, but if you use bulletin boards and large numbers of
- PD libraries, I think it would only be a matter of time before you
- picked up a virus from somewhere. Similarly, I think networks and
- schools should seriously consider keeping !Killer around on a permanent
- basis. It should be stressed that discs from any supplier are potential
- sources of infection. There is no such thing as absolute security.
- 6.1
- (For example, we have just discovered that the Mah Jong the Game discs
- we had in stock had a so-called benign virus which was timed so that it
- first appeared on 6th September 1992. If you have bought Mah Jong
- recently from anywhere, either check it or get your supplier to check
- it! Ed.)
- 6.1
- For a single user, the registration fee is £24 per annum. Pineapple
- offer a sliding scale of site licence fees, up to £100 per annum for 10+
- machines. In an effort to keep costs down, Pineapple supply only a
- single disc with a site licence version. The licensee can then copy the
- software onto the appropriate number of machines. Pineapple are
- obviously relying on our honesty here, and I think it would be stupid to
- disappoint them.
- 6.1
- Pineapple are charging the fees to cover costs, but some people will be
- worried that Pineapple are “making money out of software viruses”. Jim
- Daniels from Pineapple has given a written guarantee that if the scheme
- shows a profit then the prices will be reduced for the second year.
- However, if the scheme shows a loss, prices will inevitably have to be
- increased − if you don’t pay your fees, it will cost us ALL more next
- time.
- 6.1
- I feel that Pineapple have taken a lot on their shoulders acting as a
- central focus in the fight against the virus authors; Pineapple are
- projecting approximately four disc updates per year, together with all
- the work involved in investigating new outbreaks and developing cures.
- They are providing a unique and, unfortunately, indispensable service to
- the Acorn community. A
- 6.1
- Banner − Sign Printer
- 6.1
- Peter Jennings
- 6.1
- The first thing you probably ask yourself when loading a newly acquired
- program for the first time is, “How easy will this be to use?” (I am
- assuming that you will have asked, “Will this program do what I want?”
- before you actually bought it!)
- 6.1
- The question about the ease of using Kudlian Soft’s Banner was answered
- for me very quickly. It is the easiest and most user-friendly commercial
- program I have ever used on the Archimedes. I had got to grips with it
- completely within five minutes of loading, with little more than a
- cursory glance through the seven-page manual. The second paragraph of
- the manual accurately says: “Those familiar with the RISC-OS desktop
- will not need to read most of this manual as the operation of Banner is
- self-explanatory.”
- 6.1
- Banner (version 1.01) comes on a single, unprotected disc with the
- manual inside a plastic folder. It is designed, as its name suggests, to
- make long, printed signs. It works by printing the required text
- sideways along a continuous strip of fanfold paper or on separate sheets
- which can be joined together.
- 6.1
- Type in and print
- 6.1
- At its simplest, the instructions would be: load, click on the Banner
- icon to open a window, type in the text and click on a “Print” icon.
- 6.1
- The loading part does include the outline font manager and a printer
- driver, if they are not already resident, and of course there is a range
- of options which can be set but all the facilities are just as easy to
- use.
- 6.1
- A sign can have up to four lines of text with a maximum of 36 characters
- on each line. The number of lines is selected by choosing a text size of
- “Large” for one line, “Medium” for two lines or “Small” for four lines.
- It is not necessary to have text on every line and, in fact, one has to
- be left blank if you want only three lines. The text can be centred
- horizontally or justified left or right. In the current version it
- cannot be adjusted vertically if only three lines are used.
- 6.1
- A single sans-serif font, Jotter, is supplied with the package and this
- is the default font used. Other fonts can be added and will be offered
- in a sub-menu but only one can be used for each poster. The font can be
- changed at any stage in the design process but the change will apply to
- the whole text.
- 6.1
- There is an optional preview window which is worth opening at the start
- − the text appears in it as you type, with only a short delay, to giving
- you an updated, WYSIWYG display of the banner. The window is edged with
- a pattern representing fanfold paper sprocket holes but there is no
- indication of where the folds come and how many sheet will be needed.
- This is a feature which may be added in a future version.
- 6.1
- Shadows and borders
- 6.1
- Shadows can be added, if you wish, with a choice of four directions.
- Borders are also available as an option and can be thin, medium or
- thick, single, double or treble rectangles, or in four wavy designs.
- Borders enclose the whole text area, including any blank lines, so they
- are not always suitable for three lines of text because of the addi
- tional blank line. Separate colour menus are offered for text,
- background and borders but the manual suggests sticking to shades of
- grey unless a colour printer is to be used. Colours can be seen in the
- preview window but there is no indication on the menus as to which
- colours or grey shades are set.
- 6.1
- When printing in black and white do not have the printer driver set to
- “monochrome graphics” or contrast between the different shades of grey
- will be lost and shadows will print either completely black or not at
- all.
- 6.1
- Banners can be saved as text files, complete with all settings except
- fonts. They can then be examined in Edit, which is the only way to see
- which grey shades are set. A Banner or any other suitable text file can
- be loaded by dragging onto the Banner icon or into the text window. If
- you want to print a second, different sign without reloading, this is
- the only quick way to clear all the previous settings because closing
- and reopening the window leaves them unchanged.
- 6.1
- Printing in colour
- 6.1
- Banner can be used to good effect with a colour printer but, although
- the manual does not say so, multi-coloured signs can be made with a
- monochrome printer if you have some different coloured printer ribbons.
- 6.1
- It is quite simple to line up the same sheets of paper for multiple
- printings in different colours. The problems come with centred lines and
- a border because the centre and width of the sign will be set by the
- longest line being printed. The way to solve this is to set up the
- complete sign in the preview window first. If the border is not to be
- printed in the same colour as the longest line, count the width of the
- border in “sprocket holes” along the edge of the preview window. Delete
- the border and print the text then delete the text and reset the border.
- Without any text, this will appear as a narrow box but it can be padded
- out to the correct size with spaces on one of the blank text lines. A
- line which is to be printed separately can be correctly centred by
- noting the position of the first letter against the “sprocket holes” in
- the preview window for the complete sign. The required number of spaces
- can be added at the start of the line when it is retyped for printing.
- 6.1
- Banner is not a program which everyone will need but for schools,
- businesses and anyone wanting to make wide printed signs (even for
- parties) it is a very good buy at £15 plus VAT (or £17 from Archive).
- Primary and secondary site licences cost £20 and £40 respectively from
- Kudlian Soft and there are discounts available for bulk purchases. A
- 6.1
- Language Column
- 6.1
- David Wild
- 6.1
- Since I wrote my last article for Archive, I have bought myself a ‘C’
- compiler. This may surprise regular readers who are aware of my opinions
- about ‘C’, but I haven’t suddenly gone into the other camp. I bought the
- desktop ‘C’ package so that I could get DDE and so be able to use the
- new Pascal compiler mentioned in the September issue. (On Careware 17,
- not Shareware 48 as I said. Sorry! Ed.)
- 6.1
- I do have one grumble about the ‘C’ package. However, it has nothing to
- do with opinions about the language but is to do with the installation
- procedures. For some reason, it insists on being loaded to the root
- directory and so clutters up my desktop with a number of directories
- which are not particularly helpful in normal use. One, for instance, is
- the ‘Clib’ directory, to which I am hardly ever going to need direct
- access − possibly for library updating. I know that it is a vital part
- of the system but it could be hidden away somewhere − rather like the
- ‘modules’ directory in !System − with the correct paths maintained in
- something like the DDE !boot application.
- 6.1
- DDE Pascal
- 6.1
- Now that I have got that off my chest, what about the Pascal compiler?
- It seems to be a powerful Level 1 ISO compiler with a number of
- extensions. These do not quite correspond with those in the previous
- version but it should not be too difficult to convert programs written
- earlier. The compiler has “throwback” written in to it so that clicking
- on the error report takes you straight to the text editor with the
- cursor poised ready for the correction.
- 6.1
- There is no facility for compiling in-line assembly language statements
- − I presume that Acorn’s assumption is that you will write such code
- using ‘Objasm’ and bring it in at link time. In fact, the loss isn’t all
- that great as most of the bits that had to be done by using assembly
- language, such as access to the operating system, are provided using new
- procedures and functions which are available directly from Pascal or
- from RISC_OSLib.
- 6.1
- The only loss for which I have not yet found a replacement is the
- provision of ‘static’ variables which could be used for such things as
- keeping track of whether a procedure had been called before and so call
- an initialisation routine if necessary. It can be done with global
- variables but the beauty of the static variable is that it is private to
- the procedure or function − and won’t get missed by accident.
- 6.1
- It was in trying to compile an earlier program that I came across one of
- the peculiarities of the new. If there is something that it really
- doesn’t recognise it stops at that point and then says “garbage after
- end of program ignored”. When that happens on the fifth line of your
- program it does seem a little abrupt.
- 6.1
- Using the compiler is very simple − as long as you have made the
- necessary provision beforehand. Source files must be in a directory
- called ‘p’ and there must be a directory, which must be in the same
- directory as the ‘p’ directory, called ‘o’ for the object code. The
- expectation is that you will be creating applications where the source,
- the object and the !runimage will all be stored in the same application
- directory. After clicking on !Pascal in the DDE directory, you just drag
- the source file from the ‘p’ directory, click on a button to show
- whether RISC_OSLib is to be used and click on the ‘RUN’ button. Then, if
- compilation is successful, the object code will be put in the ‘o’
- directory and a ‘save’ window will appear, allowing you to put the
- compiled and linked code wherever you want. For ordinary programs, you
- will probably never need the object code again as the only reason for
- re-linking will be because of changes to the program and in that case
- you will generate new object code anyway.
- 6.1
- The compiler and the libraries provide full support for WIMP programming
- but it will take some time to get to grips with the new way of thinking
- using events.
- 6.1
- One helpful feature of the compiler is the much improved access to the
- command line. This will be very useful in conjunction with the !frontend
- module in DDE. I am not happy about using command lines, where the user
- has to type everything, because there is no way for the program to check
- the validity of commands in time to get changes made. However, this
- objection disappears if the command line is being generated by another
- program. The DDE programs are good examples of this method and I hope
- that we will see many more examples in future.
- 6.1
- Provided with the compiler is an example application !balls64 which
- gives an impressive demonstration of what can be done with the compiler.
- However, I would have liked to see a couple of simpler examples using
- text and simple drawings in windows so that it would be easier to see
- how the program statements corresponded with the results on the screen.
- 6.1
- For a program which is virtually given away, it is a remarkable package.
- There is, as mentioned last month, a ReadMe file (which is all the
- documentation there is) with some useful information. It amused me to
- see that several parts of the document assumed that you were already
- familiar with ‘C’ and seems to presume that readers will be moving up to
- Pascal.
- 6.1
- There is a fierce disclaimer which almost says that no one at Acorn, or
- any of their dealers, knows anything about the program and that you are
- on your own. I hope that the response will be such that Acorn can be
- persuaded to adopt the program officially and issue some fuller
- documentation at a reasonable price. Any comments from any other user
- will be very welcome and will be included in future issues of this
- column.
- 6.1
- “Computer Languages” magazine
- 6.1
- You may remember that I mentioned the Pascal User Group and pointed out
- that membership of this group was a good way to subscribe to the
- “Computer Languages” magazine. Unfortunately, the supply was very
- irregular with three copies arriving at one time. The most recent letter
- from the Group said that “Computer Languages” was becoming too expensive
- and they were changing to “Program Now”. While there is nothing wrong
- with this magazine, it is available from newsagents and it is probably
- not worth joining the user group to get it. A
- 6.1
- Small Ads
- 6.1
- (Small ads for Archimedes and related products are free for subscribers
- but we reserve the right to publish all, part or none of the material
- you send, as we think fit. i.e. some people don’t know what ‘small’
- means and there are certain things, as you can imagine, that we would
- not be prepared to advertise as a matter of principle. Sending small ads
- (especially long ones!) on disc is helpful but not essential. Ed)
- 6.1
- Charity Sales − If you have unwanted software or hardware for Archimedes
- computers you could donate for charity, please send it in to the Archive
- office. We will sell them at the Acorn User Show which is a more
- effective way of raising money than doing it by post. Better still,
- bring it to the Show (16th − 18th). A
- 6.1
- • 5¼“ twin 80/40 drives, mono monitor, Epson LX86 printer £520 o.n.o.
- Phone John Savage on 0525−23625.
- 6.1
- • 4Mb memory board for A310 Risc Developments, unused, will take RISC-OS
- 3 chips, costs £320, accept £240. Phone 0423 565997 (day).
- 6.1
- • A3000 2Mb LC, serial interface, serial link cable & software, Atomwide
- VIDC enhancer and AKF18 colour monitor. £599. Phone 0242− 234342 (after
- 6).
- 6.1
- • A3000 2Mb, standard monitor, JP150 inkjet printer, external disc drive
- interface, serial chip upgrade, First Word Plus, Acorn DTP, other
- software also available £750 o.n.o. Phone Steve on 0803−873073.
- 6.1
- • A3000, 2Mb RAM, Acorn multi-sync monitor, VIDC enhancer, Serial port
- upgrade, Learning Curve software, Hot links Presenter, games worth £120.
- Offers. Phone 081−898−0447.
- 6.1
- • A310 +4Mb RAM, manuals & software, £500 o.n.o. NEC multisync + leads,
- £400 o.n.o. both for £800. Contact Steve on 071−706−5998 work hours,
- otherwise 0734−351654.
- 6.1
- • A410/1, 4Mb RAM, RISC-OS 3.1, 20Mb drive, Acorn monitor. Original
- boxes & manuals. 5¼“ disc interface. Lots of software. Perfect. £745 or
- offers. Phone 0582−833937.
- 6.1
- • A410/1, 4Mb, 40Mb Hard Disc, ARM3, VIDC Enhancer, HiFi Sound Upgrade,
- Taxan 770+ LR multisync monitor, Pace Linnet modem (V21/23), DeltaCat
- joystick, mouse socket splitter, ArcComm 1+2, First Word Plus 2, 4
- games, spare fan filters, all leads, monitor mounted copy holder and
- RISC-OS 3. £1200 o.n.o. Phone 0705− 751884.
- 6.1
- • A410 4Mb RAM, 20Mb hard disc, Acorn multisync monitor £1000. Contact
- D. C. Quinn, Norfolk. Phone 0953−83−583.
- 6.1
- • A440 with 47Mb HD, 30MHz ARM 3, Atomwide VIDC Enhancer £600. Taxan
- Multisync 770+ Monitor £150. 200Mb Internal Conner IDE HD £200. Twincom
- V32b/V42b Modem £190. Scanlight 256 Scanner £100. Oak SCSI Podule £50.
- Phone 0382−738156.
- 6.1
- • A5000 New Unused − 2Mb RAM, 40Mb HD, with RISC-OS 3.10 and multisync
- monitor £1495. Roger 061−799−9845 (eves or w/e).
- 6.1
- • Acorn (Philips) colour monitor £100, 40MB ST506 NEC 3.5“ 28ms drive
- £200, 20MB ST506 Miniscribe 3.5” 28ms drive £100, Atomwide (Avie) ST506
- hard drive controller card £100, GEC Datachat V2123 modem,boxed £30,
- Prism 1000 V2123 modem £20, Acorn PC Emulator V1.33 £55, Tactic £8,
- Stranded! (Adventure) £12, Twinworld £10, U.I.M. £8, Zarch £8, MiG 29
- £25. All prices o.n.o. Arthur PRMs offers? Contact Gareth on 0247 457655
- 6.1
- • Acorn standard monitor £95. Unused Acorn mouse £25. Phone
- 081−751−2120.
- 6.1
- • AKF 11 colour monitor: £100; Acorn I/O podule + Midi add on: £75; Opus
- Amber IBM monitor, Tilt/Swivel, lead, £45. Phone 0295−711644. Could
- deliver.
- 6.1
- • Atomwide 8Mb memory upgrade for A410/1 or A440. Unused, still sealed.
- £250 o.n.o. Phone 0895−630344.
- 6.1
- • Easiwriter £80, Illusionist £60. Phone 069−77−46786.
- 6.1
- • Eizo 9060S monitor, £230. Also Quickshot 3 joystick and serial port
- joystick interface, £20. Schema spreadsheet, £25. Beebug serial link,
- £3. Phone 0276 20575 evenings.
- 6.1
- • E-Type, Inertia, Arcade Soccer all £5 each. Manchester United,
- Apocalypse, Rotor £10 each. Also Manchester United Europe and Interdic
- tor II £15 each. Phone Ali on 0382−816555.
- 6.1
- • Floppy disc interface by Risc Developments for the Archimedes £20.
- Phone 03727−40678.
- 6.1
- • Games: Cataclysm, Enter The Realm, Grievous Bodily ’Arm, Pandora’s
- Box, Lemmings; £10 each. Twinworld, Mad Professor Mariarti, Iron Lord;
- £6 each. Karma, Worra Battle, Arcade Soccer, PacMania, UIM, Star Trader,
- Terramex, Thundermonk, Conqueror, Zarch, Rotor, Ibix The Viking, Repton
- 3, Dread Dragon Droom; £3 each. Buy the lot for £90!! Phone 0276−20575
- evenings.
- 6.1
- • HP DeskJet Plus ink-jet printer. 2 years old, v. good condition.
- Boxed, Manual. £175 o.n.o. Phone Stuart Bell on 0403−253915.
- 6.1
- • Impression DTP V2.17 with original discs and manual £75. Impression
- Business Supplement with original disc and manual £25. Phone
- 0536−724981.
- 6.1
- • JP150 printer for your A5000! Usually £276 with a computer. Mine has
- never been out of its box, £225. Phone Paul on 0379−852979 (eves).
- 6.1
- • PC Emulator 1.7 £60, CC Compression £35, Lemmings £10, Pacmania £5,
- WS3000 Modem V21/22/23, Hayes £60. Phone 081−698−3772.
- 6.1
- • Minerva Software: GammaPlot £20, Systems Delta+ £30, Mailshot £15,
- Reporter £15, System Delta+ Ref. Guide £15, SigmaSheet £20. Computer
- Concept ROMs: InterChart £10, InterSheet £15, InterWord £15, SpellMaster
- £20. Phone Rob Brown on 0737−832159 (eves).
- 6.1
- • Ovation just upgraded to 1.3, boxed, brand new. £60 or 120 000 Italian
- lire (inc. shipping). Maurizio Ferrari, Via Pareto 12, 42020 Albinea
- (RE), Italy. Fax Italy−522−75904.
- 6.1
- • Ovation (latest version 1.35S) original discs and manual £85. Phone
- 0732−454707.
- 6.1
- • Panasonic KXP1124 24-pin printer, leads, boxed, excellent condition,
- £140. Phone 081−886−4040.
- 6.1
- • Pascal (Acorn ISO release 2) £65, Wiggins & Smith extensions & Risc
- User Pascal front-end £25 or will exchange for Illusionist. Phone
- 0202−884883.
- 6.1
- • PC Emulator 1.8 £55. Beebug ‘C’ 1990 £30. Hearsay II £25. Acorn 1Mb
- RAM for A3000 £20. Phone John Crabtree on 0803 832505.
- 6.1
- • Prism 1000 V2123 modem £20 o.n.o. 40MB ST506 NEC 3.5“ 28ms Hard Drive
- with brackets & cables £200 o.n.o. 20MB ST506 Rhodine 3.5” 28ms Hard
- Drive with brackets & cables £120 o.n.o. Atomwide (Avie) ST506 Hard
- drive podule new boxed & unused £100 o.n.o. PC Emulator v1.80 £65.
- Arthur P.R.M.s Offers? Arcterm 7 £65, Mig 29 £30, Tactic £7, UIM £12,
- 5.25“ 40/80 Switchable drive plus Archimedes interface £50 o.n.o. Phone
- 0247−457655.
- 6.1
- • Scanlight Junior A3000 (internal fitting), immaculate & boxed, £100 or
- reasonable offer. Phone John on 0472−600647.
- 6.1
- • Southampton Archimedes User Group meets on the 2nd Monday of each
- month, 7−9pm (term time), at Itchen College, Middle Road, Bitterne,
- Southampton. A very informal meeting and new members are welcome.
- Contact Ted Lacey on 0703−552475 after 5th Sept. or just come along.
- 6.1
- • Wanted − 4 slot backplane. Phone Richard on 0264−361475.
- 6.1
- • Wanted − Acorn analogue/user port expansion podule for A5000. Phone
- John on 0472−600647.
- 6.1
- • Wanted − LaserDirect interface for Canon LBP4 printer. Ruislip, Phone
- 0895−630344.
- 6.1
- • Wanted − Wordwise Plus A (80-column). Phone Colin on 0786−61501 (eves,
- w/e). A
- 6.1
- Computer Concepts’ A3 Colour Printer
- 6.1
- John Brocks, Lantern Radio
- 6.1
- For me, the Archimedes started as a hobby some five years ago. Since
- that time, I have become completely hooked on the machine and its
- various developments. Indeed, the hobby now takes up a good amount of my
- professional work. Without the Archimedes, I could never have found the
- manpower I needed to produce the volumes of literature needed to win the
- 8 year contract I am currently working on.
- 6.1
- My company will eventually operate twelve Archimedes in various shapes
- and sizes. What’s more, the old problem of lack of software is beginning
- to subside. At last, there are competent programs for most purposes and
- I find myself using the PC Emulator less and less. If only Acorn would
- realise the business potential of their product instead of going down
- the education line. (They realise it OK − it’s doing something about it
- that’s difficult!)
- 6.1
- Even so, the PC market has tended to remain ahead of the rest in terms
- of add-on peripherals. I already have a great deal of admiration for
- Computer Concepts for redressing much of this situation with excellent
- products such as Laser Direct which, in many ways, is ahead of the PC
- competition. In this review I can reveal news of yet another Computer
- Concepts product which will help make the Archimedes be taken more
- seriously in the business market.
- 6.1
- The Turbo-driven BJC 800 colour printer
- 6.1
- Like many of you, I have seen Computer Concepts’ “The Driving Force”
- advertising campaign for many months and have eagerly awaited the
- product for a specific application. However, like so many Computer
- Concepts’ products, the advertising campaign seemed to be way ahead of
- availability.
- 6.1
- Pestering Paul Beverley frequently on the availability of the product I
- was disappointed to learn, last month, that there were “software”
- problems with the Turbo Driver and the release had been delayed yet
- again.
- 6.1
- Taking pity on me, Paul took my case to Charles Moir at Computer
- Concepts and requested some help. I am indebted to both for providing me
- with a prototype version which I have now been using for several weeks.
- My initial concern at receiving a pre-launch version, which may have
- some serious bugs rendering the machine unuseable, were soon allayed.
- The package is not perfect − but considerably better than expected. In
- fact, some other products I have used as a finished article have been
- infinitely inferior in development. So far, all of the problems I have
- experienced have been surmountable − but more of these later.
- 6.1
- The package
- 6.1
- The parcel that arrived on my doorstep contained a Canon BJC-800 colour
- printer complete with four colour ink cartridges, Canon Programmer’s
- Manual, Canon Guide to Colour Bubble Jet Printing, Canon User’s Manual,
- Computer Concepts’ Turbo BJ-10 printer driver manual, Computer Concepts’
- Turbo BJ-10 software disc and printer lead. The latter is important as a
- normal printer lead will not work.
- 6.1
- The first thing I did was to find out whether I could get any result
- from the machine at all − being a cynic! Much to my relief, I discovered
- the machine would work − although early tests were disappointing.
- Consequently, I thought that I had better order some spare ink cartri
- dges before I got any further. This reaction was based on the view that
- they must, surely, be difficult to obtain. The good news is that the
- supply of cartridges arrived within two days. The bad news is that Cyan,
- Magenta and Yellow cost £20 +VAT (full retail) per cartridge and Black
- costs £16.50 +VAT (full retail). (Archive prices are £22 and £17
- respectively inc VAT.)
- 6.1
- The Computer Concepts’ manual
- 6.1
- This 14 page document certainly doesn’t look very pre-release at all. It
- is a very smart looking colour-bound booklet presented in the same
- professional and attractive manner as Impression II. The introduction
- explains how the Turbo Driver works, even going into print compression
- and print queue techniques − not totally dissimilar to Laser Direct. The
- notable difference is that there is no Laser Direct podule needed.
- 6.1
- The booklet then runs through the various dialogue boxes that the BJ-10
- printer driver icon produces. Again, these are all very similar to those
- used on a Laser Direct. After listing all the options and window
- descriptions, the booklet closes with a chapter called “Using Turbo
- Driver”. This runs through how to print from First Word Plus and
- mentions types of paper that should be used.
- 6.1
- One thing that should be pointed out here is that a lot of the printer’s
- other operating instructions cannot be found in this booklet and the
- other manuals MUST be read for this. This is particularly the case with
- regard to routine maintenance, which is not covered in the Computer
- Concepts’ manual, at all. Unlike Laser Direct, the printer’s own
- controls are operative on the BJC-800 and numerous functions are
- available from them.
- 6.1
- Speed tests
- 6.1
- My overall impression of the machine is that it is very much faster than
- expected − but there are reservations. A4 prints out at a staggering
- speed − in about 3 minutes for a complex page of colour and text −
- freeing the screen in under 2‘30“. If you simply want to print out
- letter heads (as I do, to reduce printing costs) the print time is
- reduced to 1‘30“. However, A3 is a different story! This is relatively
- slow − but anyone who has tried to print out anything sideways from
- Impression II will know that it is a much slower process than a portrait
- print. Even so, 26 minutes to print out two pages of A4 complex colour
- graphics in an A3 format, sideways, requires patience!
- 6.1
- However, this must be looked at in context. The screen is cleared some 5
- minutes earlier meaning that you can continue using the machine.
- Multiple prints of the same page don’t take much longer before the
- screen is freed. The quality of print also needs to be taken into
- consideration. The colour result is every bit as good, if not better,
- than the equivalent 600 dpi Laser Direct Black and White − with results
- excellent right down to sprites reduced to a tiny size.
- 6.1
- It does have to be said, though, that the background printing of a
- multiple page print can cause problems. On occasion, whilst transferring
- information from disc to disc (particularly compressed CFS files) during
- a multiple print, the dreaded “File Core In Use” error message can
- appear and the whole system can lock up. Nonetheless, this is an
- exception to the rule rather than the norm.
- 6.1
- Print resolution
- 6.1
- As mentioned above, print quality is absolutely excellent. I enclosed a
- copy of my company’s sales pack produced with the BJC-800 with this
- review when it was sent to Paul Beverley and doubtless he will comment.
- (I sure will! John is right, the quality is quite staggering − the
- colour is very good and the black text is virtually equivalent to a 600
- d.p.i. Laser Direct. Ed.)
- 6.1
- However, to obtain such results requires more than a little trial and
- error. My main gripe is that not all colours produce a pure result in
- mode 12 or equivalent 12-colour palette. The particular yellow used in
- mode 12 produces a very dirty result and I think this should be
- corrected on the basis that mode 12 is easier and quicker to use than
- other modes − and, in most cases, is quite adequate. This fact has
- irritated me enormously as my Eizo monitor and A540 is set up for mode
- 106 and my VIDC complains in mode 107! Even so, the 256-colour palette
- is really the only usable way of utilising this colour printer.
- 6.1
- The difficulties are not as great as I first feared. I have read that
- other colour printers and printer drivers produce anything but the
- colour you want. This is not true of the BJC-800. Colours produced are
- generally much darker − but always of the right spectrum. One can guess
- what a lighter colour may eventually look like or use a slightly more
- scientific method. My answer to the problem was to print out a screen
- shot of the 256 palette and examine the difference. I would recommend
- this idea to any serious user − perhaps as the first exercise. You
- simply choose to use those colours that reproduce well on the printer.
- If there were an easy way of editing the colours used in 16-colour
- modes, that we help greatly. Until then, I will have to use 256-colour
- modes. (I think Artworks, which is now available, may offer some help
- with this problem. Ed.)
- 6.1
- The other advantage of the BJC-800, over some other printers, is that it
- does utilise black ink. This means that no approximations (which often
- produce dark brown − rather than black) are needed. In some ways, the
- black text effect is more pleasing than that produced on a Laser Direct.
- I have to say I often have to resist the temptation of using the bubble
- jet in preference to the Laser Direct on the grounds of cost!
- 6.1
- Both the Computer Concepts and Canon manuals try and persuade you that
- you really should use special artwork paper. My answer to that is
- “poppycock”! I can’t imagine that any special paper is really needed
- unless you are printing heavy colour overlays or scans/photographs. I
- remain sceptical that thick coated art paper would actually improve
- results, in any case.
- 6.1
- Like a boy with a new train set, I tried printing a variety of difficult
- sprites as soon as I had worked out the palette differences. On balance,
- I would say that ordinary photocopy paper was actually better than the
- good stuff! Colour overlays generally don’t cause problems, in any case.
- Red text on yellow being an exception − which produces nasty runs.
- However, my ordinary paper was far less susceptible to the problems than
- the art paper provided − in all three of the head “pressure” settings!
- 6.1
- Colours on art paper look much brighter and richer − but somehow rather
- unrealistic. Ordinary photocopy paper results look faded by comparison −
- but somehow more realistic. I can imagine a casual onlooker commenting
- on the brightness of art paper − yet passing by photocopy paper results
- because they look natural. You pays your money and takes your choice −
- just don’t feel obliged to pay for the expensive stuff. (I personally
- feel that the “brighter” colours you get on the special paper are worth
- the extra money but obviously, it’s a matter of taste. Ed.)
- 6.1
- Maintenance
- 6.1
- As mentioned at the beginning of this review, the Canon BJC-800 has a
- number of options available completely separate from those mentioned in
- Computer Concepts’ manual. This came to light when, after some 300
- copies, I discovered that some thin white lines were appearing on my
- prints. Panic set in and I re-read the Computer Concepts’ manual − but
- without any joy. I then referred to the Canon manuals and discovered the
- various cleaning options available on the print menu of the printer
- itself. At first, I have to say I was hoodwinked into the manual’s
- answer that the most serious cleaning method “flushing” was necessary.
- It sure did the trick and fixed the white lines. However, I was
- perturbed that the Canon manual told me “flushing” should be used
- sparingly as it uses copious quantities of that all-expensive ink! They
- are absolutely correct, flushing required me to change all four of my
- ink cartridges!
- 6.1
- There are two other less stringent methods of cleaning called “Cleaning
- One” and “Cleaning Two”. One mode is invoked every time a new ink
- cartridge is inserted, in any case. When white lines have appeared
- subsequently, I have used “Cleaning One” which has been quite sufficient
- and uses less ink. Other panel controls on the printer allow various
- other options such as test prints which provide grid prints and colour
- tests. The grid tests demonstrate just how clogged your jets are prior
- to deciding to do a cleaning program. The colour tests demonstrate just
- how much colours can run into each other on the paper you are using! The
- latter would be useful for the serious user wanting to decide on a type
- of paper.
- 6.1
- The only other frequent maintenance required is to change the ink
- cartridges. This is so easy you can almost look forward to it (if your
- bank balance allows). You simply have to open a flap, pull out the empty
- cartridge and insert a new one. I am not the most dexterous of people
- and yet I have found it impossible to deposit any ink on myself. Indeed,
- as the expression goes, a child of five could do it! The ease of
- changing cartridges must be one of the most endearing features of this
- printer and must have been designed by Canon’s bank manager! It seems
- that at least one cartridge needs to be replaced after several hundred
- copies of A3 printing.
- 6.1
- Conclusion
- 6.1
- If you are looking for a serious colour printer for your Archimedes, I
- would suggest that there is no real alternative to the BJC-800. Sadly,
- Computer Concepts are not paying me to say that as I have had to shell
- out the full retail price. Despite that fact, there is no doubt that I
- am impressed.
- 6.1
- As I mentioned earlier, I find it annoying to have to use a 256-colour
- mode in order to get the best colours for the printer − but perhaps
- someone can offer a solution to this?
- 6.1
- Despite this, experimenting pays dividends and the results are satisfy
- ing, to say the least. I cannot understand why this software is not on
- the market yet. (It is! We have them in stock now!!! Ed.) I have not
- encountered any major bugs − unless Computer Concepts are trying to
- overcome the palette problems. Even if they are, I would have thought
- most users would be prepared to wait for the upgrade.
- 6.1
- A4 is surprisingly fast. A3, sideways, is disappointingly slow. Yet the
- best things in life come to those who wait. The manual recommends that a
- minimum of 4Mb RAM is needed for the Turbo Driver. I feel that anything
- less than an A5000 with 4Mb RAM would provide disappointingly slow
- results. Even my A540 with 16Mb RAM doesn’t make this product especially
- quick. Furthermore, colour translations of existing black and white
- material can treble the space taken up by old files. This must have some
- bearing on the practicality of going colour!
- 6.1
- My final word is that I can’t imagine anybody saying that the full A3
- print isn’t breathtaking − speed is unlikely to make up for near artwork
- quality. Please Computer Concepts hurry up and release this product on
- the general market with Artworks − so that the Archimedes can move into
- the next generation. After all, the BJC-800 must have been produced for
- Artworks, in the first place? A
- 6.1
- Charles Moir of Computer Concepts adds... The point John makes about
- colour palettes is a good one. This whole area of colour calibration is
- very complex and something that currently no computers have sorted out
- properly. However there are some basic points that might be worth
- noting.
- 6.1
- a) No colour printer can reproduce anything like the primary colours
- possible on a monitor screen. This is basically because screens are
- florescent and light transmitting whereas printers are reflective. Some
- of the worst examples are red, green and blue. The latter always prints
- very purplish.
- 6.1
- b) Since full four colour process printing has the same problems, it is
- correct that the BJC800 accurately reflects this. Indeed, we see one of
- the main uses of this printer as a proofing device for full colour work
- − so it is more important to reflect accurately the four colour process
- work than the screen colours.
- 6.1
- c) By adjusting the screen palette, it is possible to alter the screen
- colours to match those on the printer. Indeed ArtWorks is supplied with
- a new screen palette for this very reason. This therefore enables you to
- have screen colours matching printed colours. A
- 6.1
- Basic Compilers − The Next Generation
- 6.1
- Emmet Spier
- 6.1
- For quite some time now there have been two Basic compilers on the
- market for the Archimedes. With the advent of a version three of both
- ABC from Oak Solutions and RiscBasic from Silicon Vision it is time to
- look at them afresh.
- 6.1
- Basic is a notoriously difficult language to compile and this is not
- helped by the design and evolution of BBC Basic. With any normal
- compiled language, you must follow a very strict syntax, declaring
- everything before you use it. Those unfamiliar with compiled languages
- may be surprised to find out that this is actually of great benefit
- because the compiler can then pick up on all sorts of silly mistakes
- made by the programmer. Basic, being interpreted, is forgiving and will
- happily execute error-ridden programs so long as the current line makes
- sense − missing ENDIFs, variables spelt incorrectly and contorted
- structures rarely generate errors.
- 6.1
- Why compile?
- 6.1
- So why do you want to compile Basic programs? Well, other than compre
- hensive syntax checking, in general, compilers provide faster and
- smaller programs than an interpreted language. This is because the
- source code is converted into machine code only at compile time rather
- than every time the line is executed.
- 6.1
- With the Archimedes, however, a few extra considerations must be taken
- into account. Firstly, Basic is in ROM, so tokenised Basic programs are
- normally much smaller than their compiled counterparts and, secondly,
- Basic has an optimised set of floating point operations whereas the
- compiled code depends on the slower floating point emulator until the
- long awaited co-processor arrives (and at what cost?).
- 6.1
- If you are expecting the new releases to provide you with a compiled
- Basic that permits EVAL then I am afraid you will be disappointed. Even
- Silicon Vision that once said it would allow EVAL has dropped the claim
- which, I have to admit, is of no surprise and of no discredit to
- RiscBasic.
- 6.1
- When deciding to write a compiler for Basic on the Archimedes, the
- designer has two options, either define a Basic type language or try to
- implement BBC Basic as we know it. The ABC (Archimedes Basic Compiler)
- insists on a stricter form of Basic whereas the RiscBasic compiler
- attempts the harder path of compiling (almost) anything written in Basic
- V 1.04.
- 6.1
- Archimedes Basic Compiler
- 6.1
- ABC is supplied on one disc with a clear and comprehensive 80 page
- spiral-bound manual. The compiler is accompanied by two utility
- programs, one to send Basic programs to the Basic editor and one to send
- Basic programs to !Edit. To install ABC onto a hard disc, you drag the
- ABC application into your programming directory along with the examples
- directory and the utilities, if you wish. You also need to update your
- system directory with ABClib, the shared Basic library! If you are using
- floppies, all that is required is a backup of the distribution disc
- where there is ample room for development.
- 6.1
- In use
- 6.1
- Double clicking on the ABC icon puts ABC on the iconbar with a tidy and
- simple user interface. To compile a Basic program you drag the file from
- a filer window onto the ABC icon and then drag the object file from the
- save dialogue back to a filer window. A small window will pop up
- indicating how far the compiler has got while the computer happily
- multi-tasks − albeit with a significant performance degradation.
- 6.1
- If no errors are encountered, ABC pops up a summary window containing a
- few interesting facts. Once this window is closed, the compiler returns
- all the memory it took, back to the WIMP pool. If the ‘X-Ref’ flag was
- set before compilation started, the compiler opens a window with a
- multitude of options which allow you to create a profile of the program.
- The complete set is comprehensive although somewhat hard to understand
- but the window’s switches allow tailoring of the information provided
- when the save dialogue is dragged to !Edit − all very smooth!
- 6.1
- If there are errors in the file then ABC pops up a largish window which
- contains the line number and type of error but no indication of exactly
- where on the line the error occurred. The compiler will try to guess
- what was intended and, if it can, the error is called a warning and
- clicking on OK will continue compilation; if the error was unrecover
- able, compilation terminates. With any warning or error, the window
- provides an option to enter the Basic editor at the erroneous line but
- there is no neat method of return. The programmer must save the file
- (typing the appropriate path if the CSD is not set) and then quit Basic
- − not so smooth!
- 6.1
- There is no method of compiling the program and just logging all the
- errors to a file which can then be ploughed through in your own time.
- This is a shame since I prefer to use !Edit which is ideally suited to
- such an approach (unlike the ARM BE).
- 6.1
- With reference to !Edit, it must be said that the Basic to Text
- converter provided, although proficient, is a bit slow and the Basic to
- ARM BE works well but I have seen PD versions that make return to the
- desktop easier.
- 6.1
- Compatibility
- 6.1
- All in all, the compiler’s user interface is very neat − but what of the
- actual compiler? As I said before, ABC defines a Basic type language.
- This is not as bad as it sounds; most of Basic V is provided for but
- there are a few major differences.
- 6.1
- ABC insists on well structured code. You cannot jump out of loops;
- procedures must be terminated and for each loop initiator there must be
- only one terminator. These are all very sensible things that you should
- be doing already! The most serious difference between ABC and Basic V is
- how they handle variable scope.
- 6.1
- In small programs, this causes no problem but in larger programs with
- lots of variables to be passed between procedures, this can cause hours
- of trouble if the program has not been designed for ABC.
- 6.1
- When you locally define a variable in Basic, any subsequent procedure or
- function calls will use this new variable, instead of the global one,
- until the defining procedure has terminated. ABC uses a different rule;
- a local variable is only valid in the defining procedure − any subse
- quent calls use the global variable whether or not they have been called
- from the defining procedure. In any normal compiled language, these
- subtleties cause no problem because declarations make variable use very
- clear but Basic does not. Fortunately ABC’s cross referencer points out
- any problems of this type which, more often than not, are solved by
- extending the parameter lists of the procedures.
- 6.1
- Missing from ABC are all the extra array operations added since Basic
- IV. I find these entertaining to use (especially recursive functions
- using local arrays as parameters) but local array operations are, by
- their very nature, inefficient on memory and program speed.
- 6.1
- The last major omission is that ABC does not permit either indirected
- parameter passing or some of the more sophisticated indirected variable
- accesses. In particular, this makes WIMP programming slightly trickier
- although it is not an insurmountable problem.
- 6.1
- Variable types
- 6.1
- ABC’s divergence from strict Basic V allows it to excel in the control
- of variable types. In Basic, you can have either real, integer (%) or
- string ($) variables but ABC goes one stage further and permits three
- types of real variable matching the types provided by the floating point
- emulator. Single-precision, double and extended can be used by the
- appropriate choice of the last character of the variable name. With a
- compiler directive, you can choose any final character to set the type
- of a variable or set all real variables to integer! This flexibility
- allows intermediate results to be calculated in a high precision
- variable, with the final result stored in a lower precision saving
- memory without the cost on accuracy.
- 6.1
- Another compiler directive allows the programmer to check to see if the
- floating point emulator is used in the program. This is of great
- importance to users with commercial plans since the floating point
- emulator must be licensed from Acorn.
- 6.1
- Assembler
- 6.1
- ABC includes a full ARM code assembler which assembles at run time. This
- seems odd because the whole idea of a compiler is to avoid such jobs at
- run time and indeed the manual advises that code is assembled separa
- tely, then loaded into a memory block reserved by the compiled program.
- One ought to add that there are advantages of the run time approach
- (e.g. conditional assembly).
- 6.1
- Modules and libraries
- 6.1
- ABC permits the creation of the full set of module types along with an
- interesting form of extension library module. The manual is well written
- on this tricky subject and provides good examples. I will discuss the
- new type first.
- 6.1
- Under ABC, you can create a module that allows any program compiled
- under ABC to call procedures and functions in the module just as they
- were, with a few exceptions, in the program itself. This allows the
- splitting up of a large program so that it take less time to compile as
- well as providing a method of creating your own shared Basic library!
- 6.1
- Anything that compiles under ABC can be put into module form as an
- application, utility or service module. The service module is the most
- interesting type because not only can you implement *-commands but you
- can also write SWI handlers. Yes, I agree (along with the manual!) that
- this sounds rather silly − SWI handlers must respond very quickly or the
- computer will seize up. However, they can be fun and they add an extra
- level of prototyping to Basic − which is my language of choice when I
- design ARM code programs.
- 6.1
- Optimisations
- 6.1
- ABC has several compiler directives to speed up its object code. Some
- are sensible ones like not bothering to pre-initialise local variables
- or forbidding GOTOs but there is one contentious one. The NoEscapeCheck
- directive provides a significant performance benefit by not checking the
- escape condition unless the program is receiving input from the keyboard
- (INPUT, GET, etc). This means that programs will not stop when <escape>
- is pressed unless the Basic program checks the escape condition (not
- hard using an OS_Byte command). This directive will be discussed later.
- 6.1
- The RiscBasic Compiler
- 6.1
- RiscBasic is also supplied on one disc but with a considerably thinner
- manual (the pre-release manual had 40 pages and needed some reorganis
- ation) justified by the fact that RiscBasic is (almost) fully Basic V
- compatible. Installation on a hard drive is easy − just drag all the
- files from the RiscBasic disc into your programming directory. With
- floppies, you just backup the disc. My only reservation is that, as
- currently written, the !Run files assume the location of the ‘Library’
- directory. This is something that is easily fixed and may well be just a
- pre-release problem.
- 6.1
- RiscBasic requires over half a dozen working directories to store
- intermediate or information files creating a rather messy working
- directory and really needing to be placed in a directory of its own.
- 6.1
- In use
- 6.1
- There are three ways to use RiscBasic: from the command line, from an
- iconbar menu based system and from what they call a DDE (Desktop
- Developers’ Environment). This bears no relation to Acorn’s DDE! Having
- left the command line with Arthur, I initially picked the DDE because it
- provided the greatest position-independence of the three systems.
- 6.1
- The DDE system has a complete set of switches in a neat dialogue box
- which control all the options of the compiler. Dragging a Basic (or
- text) file to the iconbar will bring up a save dialogue after which
- compilation will commence. The computer does not multitask but opens up
- a command window into which various pieces of information, about how
- compilation is progressing, are printed. If compilation is successful,
- clicking on any mouse button returns you to the desktop with your new
- object file. All this is fairly smooth unless there is not enough memory
- in the task slot, in which case the RiscBasic compiler abruptly
- terminates.
- 6.1
- If errors are found, either a list of errors is printed out (and sent to
- a spool file if you wish) or the compiler offers you the option of
- entering either !Edit or the Basic Editor at the first erroneous line.
- There is no way of stepping through the error list, so although this
- method shows potential, it was discarded quickly. To RiscBasic’s credit,
- the spooled error list speeds up bug hunting considerably when working
- in the desktop.
- 6.1
- The compiler can also generate a cross reference list which is much
- easier to understand than ABC’s but not nearly as comprehensive.
- 6.1
- All of this sounds very easy but, with the DDE, you have to keep going
- back into the RiscBasic directory structure to get at these files.
- 6.1
- Alternatively, the command line interface provides flexibility with the
- placement of files but then the short cuts of the large directory
- structure are required. The menu interface is a halfway house and,
- although cumbersome to use (all those paths to type in), it provides the
- easiest way to set up a tailored environment so long as you keep all
- your Basic files in the same place. It must be said that the interface
- of RiscBasic still has the feel of a command line program.
- 6.1
- Compatibility
- 6.1
- Silicon Vision claim that, apart from the EVAL command, all Basic
- program keywords and usage should work − if not, there is a bug in the
- compiler and it should be reported for correction − some claim!
- Essentially this is correct. More often than not, RiscBasic would
- happily compile whatever I gave it with almost no alterations. The only
- problem was that the ! indirection operator must be word aligned causing
- the necessity to rewrite code sections with the ? operator.
- 6.1
- RiscBasic has an extended form of the VAL keyword that permits number
- entry in hexadecimal (or any other base for that matter) reducing the
- requirement for EVAL even more.
- 6.1
- Of great use is the ‘debug’ switch which includes line number informa
- tion in the program. This makes debugging much easier and is something
- missing from ABC (which probably needs it more than RiscBasic).
- 6.1
- Variable types
- 6.1
- RiscBasic only allows one type of real variable in an entire program.
- This is selected at compile time by a switch and is either single or
- double precision. This is a bit of a shame because the use of extended
- precision in compiled programs goes some way to sweeten the loss of
- speed when using the floating point emulator.
- 6.1
- RiscBasic allows all the Basic V array operations and pleasantly
- surprised me when I compiled a favourite little program of mine. This is
- the calculation of the inverse of a matrix using the co-factor method −
- a hopelessly inefficient algorithm but a marvellous demonstration of the
- flexibility of Basic V using a recursive function call with local arrays
- decreasing by one order each time − it compiled and worked first time.
- 6.1
- Assembler
- 6.1
- The RiscBasic assembler operates at compile time and adds some very
- useful extensions. The assembler has two major benefits over Basic V.
- Firstly you can load the address of a variable into a register by simply
- using the following notation :-
- 6.1
- ADR R1,*basic_variable
- 6.1
- with which you can then load the contents into a register. This ability
- becomes even more exciting when used with the floating point extensions
- allowing ARM code programming of the floating point instruction set.
- Unfortunately, the pre-release manual did not contain details on the
- floating point instruction set.
- 6.1
- Modules
- 6.1
- The pre-release manual was not very well written on the subject of
- modules (it really warranted a separate section) but with the examples
- all became clear. Only one class of module can be created providing star
- commands but I must say that for all of ABC’s choice, this is the only
- genuinely useful type.
- 6.1
- Optimisations
- 6.1
- RiscBasic recognises that when permitting almost any form of Basic
- construction, there must be a speed penalty. To overcome this problem,
- the ‘Turbo’ directive, once selected, makes RiscBasic insist on fully
- structured code (the kind ABC requires anyway) with one significant
- additional constraint on nested FOR loop constructions. Although ‘Turbo’
- mode can be turned on and off during compilation, the compiler does not
- do this for you nor does it explicitly tell you that there is a problem.
- 6.1
- The RiscBasic compiler provides an interesting optimisation called
- constant folding. Basically this takes any variable that is solely used
- as a constant and hardwires the value into the code allowing neat code
- writing without loss of performance. Since both compilers permit the
- definition of constants, I feel that this optimisation is one of these
- tricks that is designed to run benchmarks fast but provides little
- benefit in real code.
- 6.1
- Speed comparisons
- 6.1
- Below is a set of standard benchmarks which I include for completeness.
- Personally I do not give them much credence but they do make for
- interesting reading.
- 6.1
- All values are speed factors compared to RMFaster Basic (i.e. the higher
- the better).
- 6.1
- Basic RiscBasic ABC
- ABC NoEsc
- 6.1
- IntMath 1.0 6.3(33.3) 4.6
- 7.4
- 6.1
- RealMath 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.6
- 6.1
- Basic RiscBasic ABC
- ABC NoEsc
- 6.1
- TrigLog 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.3
- 6.1
- GrafScrn 1.0 1.7 1.6 1.8
- 6.1
- TextScrn 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1
- 6.1
- Store 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.4
- 6.1
- Sieve 1.0 31.9 6.3 18.8
- 6.1
- Tak 1.0 14.8 12.0 23.7
- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
- The only benchmark that RiscBasic’s constant folding effected was
- IntMath (number in brackets) but this should be discounted since one of
- the variables in the tiny loop is kept at a constant value. Sieve and
- Tak indicate that the compilers can speed up Basic, and ABC receives a
- significant performance boost with NoEscapeCheck on (Sieve is array
- intensive and Tak is function call intensive).
- 6.1
- A few timings of what I would describe as ‘real’ tasks will probably
- make the performance benefits clearer. I have used double precision and
- RiscBasic’s fold command (which, in my experience, is of marginal
- benefit) as well as any appropriate directives that speed up each
- compiler.
- 6.1
- The first program I looked at was my multitasking WordWrap application.
- This word wraps an entire file in the same manner as !Edit. All
- processing is carried out in memory blocks while the computer multi
- tasks. In this test, I word-wrapped a 19k text file on an unencumbered
- mode 12 desktop, the timings are approximate.
- 6.1
- Time (s) File Size (Kb)
- 6.1
- Basic 38.1 16
- 6.1
- RiscBasic 6.0 47
- 6.1
- ABC 5.5 (+8%) 25 (53%)
- 6.1
- ABC NoEsc 4.7 (+22%) 23
- (49%)
- 6.1
- As you can see, there is a significant performance boost with the
- compiled programs and this would be passed on to the user in the form of
- a smoother desktop. In this test I could have reasonably used NoEscape
- Check because the desktop disables escape anyway.
- 6.1
- The next test program is a Basic version of my CoreWar game. This
- single-tasking program uses memory accesses as well as being fairly
- procedure intensive. Begin a simulation game, speed is of the essence
- and again the compilers come out glowing (the higher the better).
- 6.1
- Cycles per second File Size
- (Kb)
- 6.1
- Basic 45 4
- 6.1
- RiscBasic 283 32
- 6.1
- ABC 324 (+14%) 11 (34%)
- 6.1
- ABC NoEsc 340 (+20%) 11
- (34%)
- 6.1
- As a matter of interest, the C version of CoreWar runs at about 550cps
- and a hand-written ARM code version at 650cps.
- 6.1
- Although both of these programs are computationally intensive, neither
- are of the mathematical sort. To add a bit of balance, I thought I would
- try two of Brian Cowan’s favourite programs:- the PI calculator (integer
- arithmetic) and the fast fourier transform (real arithmetic). All times
- are in seconds.
- 6.1
- Pi (1000 places) FFT (1024 point)
- 6.1
- Basic 147.8 3.67
- 6.1
- RMfaster Basic 116.2
- 2.90
- 6.1
- RiscBasic 17.2 3.21
- 6.1
- RiscBasic Turbo −
- 3.20
- 6.1
- ABC 15.7 (+9%) 2.44
- (+31%)
- 6.1
- ABC NoEsc 11.7 (+47%) 2.39
- (+34%)
- 6.1
- ABC NoEsc + chk 11.6 (+47%)
- 2.41 (+33%)
- 6.1
- Using ABC’s NoFloat directive, I managed to remove three mistaken uses
- of floating point numbers (division using / instead of DIV) in the PI
- program. In the ABC ‘NoEsc + chk’ tests, I added a call to OS_Byte 126
- in the central loop to test the escape condition. Not only did this give
- me a fully responsive escape key but actually increased the PI programs
- speed. (The only reason I can think of for this is an accidental
- improvement of code’s word alignment.) In my experience, adding an
- escape check hardly alters the speed of the code. ‘Turbo’ mode could not
- be used in the PI program because of the nature of the FOR loops.
- 6.1
- What can be seen by all these test programs is that for computationally
- intensive tasks of any sort either of the compilers provide significant
- gains.
- 6.1
- Summary
- 6.1
- To be honest, I was pleasantly surprised by both of these compilers. Not
- only did they work but to my surprise, they actually made my Basic
- programs go faster − much faster. Neither is it obvious which one is
- better. (I have added some percentages into the tables above which
- compare ABC and RiscBasic. They seem to give ABC the edge on speed and
- compactness of code. Ed.)
- 6.1
- In general, I found that ABC generated files to about half the size of
- RiscBasic. (Even when the ABClib module was added, the total size was
- still always smaller.) However, RiscBasic compiled a program in roughly
- half the time of ABC but then ABC has the advantage that it is multi-
- tasking. ABC generated marginally faster code (even without disabling
- escape) but RiscBasic was far more compatible with Basic V.
- 6.1
- All timings were carried out on an A410 and, from information supplied
- by Silicon Vision, when the compiled code is run on an ARM 3, the
- performance boost is smaller (about 3/4 of the ARM 2’s).
- 6.1
- I think that what will tip the balance one way or another is how happy
- you are with the differences from Basic V. You will not be able simply
- to compile any old Basic file with ABC − more often than not, signifi
- cant alterations will be required to fix scope usage. However, if you
- write a Basic program with ABC in mind, this should be no problem.
- RiscBasic provides a method of speeding up all your old and new programs
- without having to change your programming style.
- 6.1
- It might be of interest that both companies use their Basic compilers
- for commercial applications. For instance, ABC compiled Genesis and
- RiscBasic compiled SolidTOOLS.
- 6.1
- In line with the release of the new Acorn computers, both compilers have
- come down to very fair prices. At one time, I would advise Acorn C
- instead of a Basic compiler but with C now over £240 even its speed,
- library(?!) and portability advantages do not justify its cost to the
- home user.
- 6.1
- ABC is available from Oak Solutions at £99.95 +VAT (= £117.44) and
- RiscBasic is available from Silicon Vision at £99.95 inc VAT. (Archive
- prices are £105 and £93 respectively.) A
- 6.1
- Psion Series 3 Link
- 6.1
- Richard Oldman
- 6.1
- With all this talk of Acorn Pocket Books (which are still not available
- at the time of writing!), Psion 3 owners may be feeling a bit left out,
- so here is an article about cable conversions to connect the Psion 3
- Link to the Archimedes running the PC Emulator.
- 6.1
- There are many Archimedes owners who are also fans of the excellent
- Psion hand-held computers. DataPaks for these machines are quite
- expensive, so a useful and cheap way to back up your essential data is
- to store it on floppy discs via your Archimedes. To do this it is
- necessary to buy a serial link from Psion to connect the two machines
- together and this comes with software for either a PC or an Apple
- Macintosh. Unfortunately for the Organiser II, the PC software does not
- work on the Archimedes using the PC Emulator. There have been various
- programs written for the Archimedes and the Organiser II which enable
- you to store that data but most of them do not provide the same
- facilities as the PC link program produced by Psion.
- 6.1
- Psion have now released the new Series 3 pocket-size computer which has
- a 3 Link, Psion’s own serial link, enabling very comprehensive communi
- cation with, once again, a PC or a Mac. The PC program that comes with
- the 3 Link runs on the Archimedes using the PC Emulator but is not
- actually able to establish the vital communications link for two way
- working. Acorn, Psion and anyone else you ask will tell you that this
- communication is not possible. This is a great shame because you are
- missing out on some very good, custom written software for the Series 3.
- However, all is not lost because the PC software will run and communi
- cate fully with the Archimedes if the problem of the non standard serial
- port on the Archimedes is addressed. The 9 pin ‘D’ plug (female) on the
- end of the 3 Link is obviously wired for a PC, so all you need to do is
- to change the connections in the plug to the required pin configuration
- for the Archimedes. Unfortunately these plugs are sealed so you will
- have to make up a short extension lead to carry out this conversion.
- 6.1
- The lead
- 6.1
- To make the conversion lead, you will need to purchase two 9 pin ‘D’
- plugs, one male and one female, two metalised ‘D’ hoods (9 way) and a
- length of 9 way screened cable for RS232 use. The diagrams at the top of
- page 57 show how to make the connections between the two plugs. The IBM
- to Archimedes conversion diagram being the one to follow for making your
- connections. The other information in the table is just for general
- information.
- 6.1
- The diagram at the bottom of page 57 simply reflects the wiring
- instructions above but with wire colours allocated (the colours in your
- lead may be different) and the line usage indicated for those who are
- particularly interested.
- 6.1
- Software considerations
- 6.1
- It is not necessary to change the baud or data settings on the Archi
- medes for the MCLINK program to work. However, since I only use the
- serial port to communicate with my Series 3, I have changed these to
- reflect the default settings on the Series 3. If you want to, it is
- quite simple to do using the *Configure command as follows:-
- 6.1
- *CONFIGURE BAUD 7
- 6.1
- *CONFIGURE DATA 5
- 6.1
- followed by <ctrl-break>. You can check the settings by typing *STATUS
- which should now reflect the new settings.
- 6.1
- ‘BAUD 7’ sets the rate to 9600 and ‘DATA 5’ sets the data to word length
- 8 bits, odd parity and 1 stop bit.
- 6.1
- If you get the PC Emulator up and running and then, at the ‘A>’ prompt
- put your Psion PC link software disc in drive A (drive 0) and type
- MCLINK<return>, you will find you have all the facilities of the MCLINK
- program. At the top left of the screen it should say ‘Status : Link
- Established’. If it doesn’t, you probably have not turned on the link on
- the Series 3. (See the Psion information that comes with the Link on how
- to do this.) You should also make sure the Series 3 has not turned
- itself off whilst you weren’t looking! Using the link puts an additional
- load on the batteries in your Series 3 so use a power supply if you have
- one.
- 6.1
- I have tested the lead by transferring my Agenda file from the Series 3
- to my Archimedes and then sending it back again but with a different
- name. Using the Archimedes to copy the file ‘Agenda’ from the Series 3
- to the root directory on the disc type
- 6.1
- COPY REM::M:\AGN\AGENDA.AGN LOC::A:\
- 6.1
- To transfer it back but with a different name, say ‘TEST’, type
- 6.1
- COPY LOC::A:\AGENDA.AGN REM::M: \AGN\TEST.AGN
- 6.1
- which puts it back in the Series 3’s internal memory in the AGN
- directory. If you try this it should appear on the Series 3’s system
- screen underneath the original Agenda.
- 6.1
- Now let’s try the other way around. Put a blank PC formatted disc in
- drive ‘A’ on the Archimedes. Everything else is now done on the Series
- 3. Press the SYSTEM button and close down all open files and appli
- cations (they are shown in bold). You will not be able to close the TIME
- application. Now press the CALC option on the function key strip. It
- should select it but not go into it as the application is closed. Press
- the PSION key together with <C> to bring up the copy file window or use
- MENU and select the Copy File option. Wait a few seconds for the copying
- window to appear. Using the cursor keys, move down to the third line ‘To
- file : Name’. Type:-
- 6.1
- REM::A:\
- 6.1
- Move down to the fifth line ‘Sub-directories’ and change it to ‘Yes’.
- Now press <Enter>. The whole of the Series 3’s internal memory will now
- be backed up on the floppy disc in drive ‘A’. It is not really a good
- idea to back the internal memory up in the root directory of the disc.
- For example, when you do it in a real situation, create a new directory
- called ‘internal’ for the internal memory or SSD1 for a flash pack. The
- command for backing up the internal memory would then be
- 6.1
- REM::A:\INTERNAL\
- 6.1
- Remember that it is running under the emulator, so all the operations
- will be slow. The Psion software disc also contains a file called
- MCLINK.DOC (a README file). This file is important because it contains
- lots of information as to the different commands available and their
- syntax. You can transfer the MCLINK.DOC to an Archimedes disc using
- !MultiFS and then dump it to your printer or load it into a word
- processor for reformatting and printing. If you cannot transfer it to an
- Archimedes disc go back to being a PC and at the ‘A>’ prompt type
- 6.1
- COPY MCLINK.DOC prn
- 6.1
- which copies the file to your printer, assuming you’ve turn it on.
- 6.1
- All the tests I have done show the MCLINK program works fully with PC
- Emulator versions 1.34 and 1.70 on my A410. A3000 users would have to
- make sure they have the serial chips fitted. I do not have access to an
- A5000, so I cannot confirm whether the link will work on that.
- 6.1
- A program called MCPRINT which is also supplied by Psion with the Link,
- is intended to route your printing through your Archimedes to your
- printer. However, this does not seem to work correctly under the
- Emulator. I have tried it from the word processor but I get some strange
- results. I have not, as yet, worked out why. In any case, it is very
- easy to write a short program on the Archimedes to carry out this rather
- simple function so I shall not waste any more time on it.
- 6.1
- I have supplied a list of the parts required. For those not able to get
- the parts easily, I have included the parts reference numbers for Maplin
- Electronics who operate a postal service. If anyone is not happy to make
- the lead up themselves, I would be prepared to do it for a price of £10
- including postage. However, I am not a commercial organisation so please
- allow 28 days for delivery. A
- 6.1
- Parts list
- 6.1
- 1 × D_Range 9 way plug (Maplin No. RK60Q)
- 6.1
- 1 × D-Range 9 way Socket (Maplin No. RK61R)
- 6.1
- 2 × Metalised D Hood 9 way (Maplin No. JB68Y)
- 6.1
- Multi-core screened cable 9 way (1 metre length) (Maplin No. XR27E)
- 6.1
- You will also need a small soldering iron and some solder.
- 6.1
- Maplin Electronics can be contacted on 0702−554161 (24 hour service).
- 6.1
- Pin 1 Not used
- 6.1
- Pin 2 − Pin 2
- 6.1
- Pin 3 − Pin 3
- 6.1
- Pin 4 − Pin 4
- 6.1
- Pin 5 − Pin 5
- 6.1
- Pin 6 − Pin 8
- 6.1
- Pin 7 − Pin 7
- 6.1
- Pin 8 − Pin 6
- 6.1
- Pin 9 Not used
- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
- IBM PC
- 6.1
- Archimedes
- 6.1
- Wiring instructions
- 6.1
- PipeLine
- 6.1
- Gerald Fitton
- 6.1
- Possibly because last month’s Archive came out earlier than usual I
- missed the deadline! (Yep, sorry about that, Gerald. You’ll have to
- blame Acorn for springing the news on us of the new machines. Ed.) This
- is not the article which I had intended for last month but a new one
- about creating Charts in PD 4; I wanted to wait until RISC-OS 3 was
- released before starting on Charts so this is my earliest opportunity.
- 6.1
- However, first of all, a couple of items from contributors. You may find
- the first, about Owner Read only Access, useful even if you don’t have
- PipeDream.
- 6.1
- Owner read only access files in RISC-OS 2
- 6.1
- Albert Kitchenside sent me the following two items which I have only
- marginally edited:
- 6.1
- I came across the following problem by accident, fortunately without the
- loss of any data, when using PD 4.12. I am now reporting on PD 4.13 and
- have also looked at the problem in PD 3. To see what happens in another
- application, I have also looked at the effect in Ovation. The problem
- has more serious potential repercussions in PD 4. I commented to Robert
- Macmillan who said that it appears to happen only under RISC-OS 2 and
- not under RISC-OS 3.
- 6.1
- The problem in PD 4
- 6.1
- If a saved file is given Owner Read only access, i.e. R/ in the
- directory window with full information, and a re-save is attempted, the
- file is reduced to zero content before the PD error message “Cannot
- write to file” appears. Closing the error message window and the File
- save dialogue box, it is then possible to close the file window without
- a further error message warning, providing the file has not been edited.
- So there is a risk, albeit very small, of loss of data, if you do not
- have a back up.
- 6.1
- With Public Read only access, /r, the problem does not arise because the
- error message “Access violation” appears and the file is not reduced to
- zero content.
- 6.1
- The problem in PD 3
- 6.1
- There is a minor problem only here because the access to the file is
- changed to Owner Read-Write, WR/, in both cases quoted above and the
- file is then updated. This is not consistent because the file should not
- be available for updating.
- 6.1
- Comments
- 6.1
- I wrote to Robert Macmillan about this problem and his comments on PD
- 4.13 were:-
- 6.1
- “On RISC-OS 2, I get ‘Cannot write to file’ and the file that exists
- gets changed to 0 bytes, thus losing what was there before. However, my
- document in memory stays as modified, so it still warns me to save
- before quitting.
- 6.1
- “On RISC-OS 3, I get ‘Cannot write to file’; the file on disc stays
- unmodified and the file in memory stays modified.
- 6.1
- “From this I conclude that, using RISC-OS 3, everything is fine. On
- RISC-OS 2, I can only blame the filing-operating system, I think,
- because if the file is not allowed to be opened it shouldn’t be throwing
- data away.”
- 6.1
- He did not comment on PD 3 but I cannot understand why the effects in
- versions 3 and 4 would be different if this arose solely due to RISC-OS
- 2 and I think it must also be due to the PD interface with the operating
- system.
- 6.1
- As a point of interest, I decided to look at what happened in another
- application and chose Ovation. In this application, if you try to re-
- save a file which is Owner Read only, there is an Ovation error message
- “Cannot open file <file name>. Not open for update”, the saved file is
- not apparently affected. However, the file has been opened, in spite of
- the error message, and is left opened so that you then get further error
- messages that the file is open. Hence, if you then change the access to
- Write and Read and repeat the save command, the error message from
- Ovation is “Cannot write to file <file name>. File open”!
- 6.1
- Conclusions
- 6.1
- There is a small risk of loss of data if you are not careful in PD 4
- with trying to save to files having Owner Read only access. In PD 3, the
- file security is lost since the access is changed to Read-Write.
- According to Robert Macmillan, this does not happen under RISC-OS 3.
- There may be other effects in different applications. You have been
- warned.
- 6.1
- Booting the A4
- 6.1
- On the Archive disc this month, you will find a directory called
- PipeDream.A4Booting. It contains the ‘Booting’ sequence used by Jonathan
- Brown with his newly acquired A4 (RISC-OS 3.10). The directory contains
- a file, [ReadMe], which explains the how and why so that you can make
- your own ‘improvements’.
- 6.1
- Another contribution to the disc by Jonathan is the directory PipeD
- ream.Sprite22 which contains high resolution versions of the PD 4
- sprites and Jonathan’s hints about installing them. A set of Acorn high
- resolution sprites is provided by Acorn with RISC-OS 3 but Acorn’s files
- do not contain sprites for PD.
- 6.1
- Both Jonathan and I would welcome contributions to this discussion.
- 6.1
- PipeDream 4 bug?
- 6.1
- Jonathan also reports a bug but I can’t reproduce the effect he has. Can
- you? Jonathan says:
- 6.1
- I have also, I regret to say, detected a bug (Aargh!!) in PD 4 − but
- only a small one. When a PD 3 file is double-clicked without PD 4 having
- been previously loaded, PD 4 loads in but the window for that file does
- not appear. The file does, however, appear in the Documents sub-menu on
- the Icon bar. This only happens with files that have not been saved
- under PD 4. This happens on both the A440/1 and the A4 (RISC-OS 2.00 &
- 3.10 respectively), so it probably isn’t a clash with the operating
- system. I suspect it is a problem within PD itself as the line
- 6.1
- SetMacro Alias$@RunType_DDE Run <PipeDream$Dir>.!Run %%*0
- 6.1
- in the !Boot file presents no problems.
- 6.1
- If you have any theories please let me know.
- 6.1
- RISC-OS 3 and PipeDream
- 6.1
- Recently, I have been asked many times whether PD ‘works’ with RISC-
- OS 3. The answer is a slightly qualified “Yes”. If you have an early
- version of PD 3, you may have a problem or two with RISC-OS 3. The
- solution is to upgrade your copy of PD 3 to version 3.14. The upgrade is
- free.
- 6.1
- There are no problems with any version of PD 4 but, just for the record,
- the latest version is 4.13 and, in the last few versions, the charts
- feature has been improved. If you need an upgrade then send both your
- program and examples disc to Colton Software,
- 6.1
- ‘Charts from the beginning’
- 6.1
- Warning! − Apart from the [ReadMe] file, do not attempt to load and run
- any of the other files in the Charts directory of the Archive monthly
- disc from your master copy of that disc!
- 6.1
- Why is this? Colton Software’s hot linked graphics package operates by
- saving copies of chart files back to disc. The original file we have
- supplied will be over-written. For that reason, I strongly suggest that
- you work with back up copies of the files in this directory rather than
- the originals.
- 6.1
- I suggest that, if NCS haven’t done so, you should write protect your
- Archive disc by opening the write protect tab. If the hole is open then
- you will be unable to write to the disc. An error message from your
- operating system may suggest to you that having your disc write
- protected is a mistake. I suggest that you do not open the write protect
- tab but that you copy the files either to your hard disc or, if you have
- sufficient memory, then use a RAM disc. Because the files are saved
- every time the data is modified, you need to load and save at speed. A
- RAM disc is faster than a hard disc which in turn is faster than a
- floppy.
- 6.1
- Creating a RAM disc
- 6.1
- Place the pointer over the icon which is at the right hand end of the
- iconbar (on earlier machines this icon was a ‘fancy’, slanting upper
- case A but, on the latest machines, it is an acorn) and tap the mouse
- Menu (middle) button. Select ‘Task display’. Near the bottom of the task
- display window you will find ‘RAM disc 0K’ (meaning zero Kilobytes −
- not ‘correct’). Place the pointer just to the right of ‘0K’ and (using
- <select>) drag this out to some suitable value such as ‘64K’. A RAM icon
- will appear on the left of the icon bar; it can be treated exactly as a
- disc icon − indeed, you have created a RAM disc. The information stored
- in a RAM disc is lost when you switch off the computer so, before
- closing down, make sure that you have copied the files you want to keep
- from the RAM disc to a ‘proper’ disc.
- 6.1
- RISC-OS printing
- 6.1
- Although charts make pleasant pictures on a monitor, the result wanted
- by most users of charts will be ‘hard copy’ − printed output!
- 6.1
- You cannot print charts with PipeDream printer drivers but only with
- RISC-OS printer drivers. Before you continue, make sure that you know
- the difference. Because you can print charts only with a RISC-OS printer
- driver, the example files in the Charts directory (but not the [ReadMe]
- file) have been saved with the ‘Printer configuration − Printer type’
- set to RISC-OS rather than the more usual Parallel.
- 6.1
- RISC-OS printing takes longer than PD printer driver printing (typically
- RISC-OS printing takes 5 to 10 minutes per A4 page) but, without RISC-OS
- printing, you will not be able to print charts.
- 6.1
- I find the RISC-OS output from the so called ‘9-pin’ printers disap
- pointing because of the large dot diameter. Dot matrix printers with 24
- pins are substantially better and bubble and ink jet printers are better
- still, only marginally poorer than laser printers.
- 6.1
- If you have RISC-OS 3, you will have been provided with a suitable
- printer driver as part of that operating system. If you have RISC-OS 2
- but you do not have any printer drivers then I suggest that you upgrade
- to RISC-OS 3.
- 6.1
- Outline fonts
- 6.1
- The charts generated by PD 4 include text. The numbers which appear
- along the axes of graphs are text as are the named ‘categories’ (more of
- which later) which appear along the ‘x-axis’ of bar charts. Although you
- can select any of your typefaces, the default used by Colton Software is
- Acorn’s proprietary Homerton font.
- 6.1
- You will not get very far with the PD 4 charts package if you do not
- have Acorn’s outline font manager and, at least, the Homerton font. So
- where do you get these from?
- 6.1
- If you have bought a RISC-OS 3 machine or upgraded from RISC-OS 2 to
- RISC-OS 3 then your purchase will include both the outline font manager
- and some outline fonts (including Homerton). If you intend to upgrade
- from RISC-OS 2 to RISC-OS 3 then, when you buy RISC-OS 3, you will find
- that a (new) font manager and the Homerton (and other) fonts are built
- into the RISC-OS 3 ‘chips’.
- 6.1
- RISC-OS 3.10 is available now (Well, sort of! Ed.) at about £50 so I
- suggest that, rather than spend money on an outline font starter kit and
- printer drivers for use with RISC-OS 2 at a cost of about £50, you may
- prefer to spend the money on RISC-OS 3. I strongly recommend buying
- RISC-OS 3 rather than ‘upgrading’ your RISC-OS 2 system.
- 6.1
- Even if you have RISC-OS 2, printer drivers and some outline fonts, I
- still recommend that, if you are ‘serious’ about using PD 4 Charts, you
- upgrade to RISC-OS 3. Colton Software have told me that PD 4 has been
- ‘optimised’ for RISC-OS 3. My experience is that using PD 4 with RISC-
- OS 3 is noticeably ‘smoother’ and quicker.
- 6.1
- Finally, on outline fonts, on the more recent issues of Colton Soft
- ware’s PD 4 Examples disc you will find a version of Acorn’s outline
- font manager which is suitable for use with RISC-OS 2 (but not with 3).
- However, you will not find any outline fonts RISC-OS 2 printer drivers
- to go with that font manager. If you are in the position of not having
- Acorn’s Homerton font and if you do not intend to upgrade to RISC-OS 3
- then write to me and I will advise you how best to overcome your
- shortage so that you can use PD 4’s charts.
- 6.1
- PipeDream 4 − Version 4.13
- 6.1
- Today is the 28th August 1992 and, as I write, the latest version of
- PD 4 is 4.13. This version is not ‘bug free’ but the bugs remaining are
- not serious. Colton Software do intend to release another version − but
- not yet. Upgrades to version 4.13 are available free of charge but only
- from Colton Software. If you do not have version 4.13 then send both
- your Program disc and (this is important, especially if you intend to
- stick with RISC-OS 2) your Examples disc to Colton Software asking for
- the latest version.
- 6.1
- Many of the improvements to PD 4 between version 4.10 and 4.13 have been
- to the way in which PD 4‘s charts operate. If you do not have version
- 4.13, some of the facilities which I refer to later in this article
- either do not exist or do not work. Please upgrade your version to 4.13
- before writing to me and complaining! It is partly because I was waiting
- for the charts to ‘stabilise’ and partly because I wanted to assess
- whether to advise you to upgrade to RISC-OS 3 (with fonts and printer
- drivers) that I have delayed the launch of this ‘Charts from the
- Beginning’ series.
- 6.1
- Recent issues of the Examples disc contain the latest RISC-OS 2 versions
- of the CLib (C library), FPE (Floating point emulator), Colour and
- Outline font manager modules. Unless you have RISC-OS 3, you should copy
- these onto your system disc. Don’t copy them if you have RISC-OS 3!
- 6.1
- Homerton font
- 6.1
- On this month’s Archive disc and, on other discs, the files in direc
- tories containing charts will be in Homerton font (later charts
- directories will include files in Trinity font).
- 6.1
- If you send me contributions to PipeLine which include charts, I shall
- be most grateful if you will keep the [ReadMe] file in system font and,
- for now, the application files in Homerton. Later, I will probably
- extend the range of typefaces used in charts applications to include
- Trinity but I am reluctant at the moment to include Selwyn or NewHall
- since many subscribers to PipeLine will be using Dingbats (instead of
- Selwyn) and NewSchbook (instead of NewHall). Error messages will be
- generated and the text in the chart will appear on screen in system
- font, probably at the wrong scale, and a printed version will look a
- real mess.
- 6.1
- Charts
- 6.1
- The time has come to try out a chart. The figure opposite is a mode 12
- screen shot which I shall use by way of example. The files are on the
- Archive monthly disc.
- 6.1
- The PD 4 package will produce the traditional “x-y” graphs but, for this
- simple exercise, I shall use a bar chart mainly because the bar chart is
- the default option built into PD 4 by Colton Software.
- 6.1
- In the directory, Charts, on the Archive monthly disc, you will find the
- files [Timing_1], [Timing_2], [Timing_1C] and [Timing_1D]. PD chart
- files behave differently from ordinary PD files but they do not have a
- different Acorn filetype number and so they appear in a directory viewer
- having the same icon as other PD 4 files. In order to distinguish a
- chart file from an ordinary PD 4 file, the convention I am using is that
- a file with _C as a suffix is a chart file. This convention of an
- underline followed by an upper case C is also used by Colton Software
- and I recommend it to you.
- 6.1
- The file [Timing_2] is a close copy of the file [Timing_1] but it is not
- hot linked to a chart and you can experiment with it. The file
- [Timing_1D] is a file in !Draw format to which I shall refer later.
- 6.1
- If you have the monthly disc, double click on the [Timing_1] file to
- load it. The chart [Timing_1C] will be loaded into slot [Timing_1]A14. I
- have scaled the chart to 130% of its full size so that it fits across a
- 72 column screen.
- 6.1
- The only font used in [Timing_1] is Homerton. For rows 2 to 11 the font
- is 10 point with a 12 point line spacing. The chart which is loaded into
- [Timing_1]A14 also uses the Homerton font. If you do not have Homerton
- then the system font will be used and the document will probably look a
- mess!
- 6.1
- This chart does not have a title or units and I realise that this is bad
- practice but I shall explain how to add these later.
- 6.1
- The data consists of the Names of five people in column A, the time in
- minutes which they took to get to work Yesterday and Today in columns B
- and C respectively. The bar chart shows the time taken yesterday in red
- and today’s time in yellow.
- 6.1
- Place the pointer in slot C10 (Sheila’s time for today ) and change the
- value from 23 to 80. You will find that the (modified) file [Timing_1C]
- will be saved (overwriting the original file) and the yellow bar
- corresponding to Sheila will grow. Restore the value in [Timing_1]C23 to
- 23 and the file will be saved again and the chart will be drawn again.
- 6.1
- The file, [Timing_1], has been sorted on column A (in alphabetical
- order). Mark the block A6C11. Execute the command <Ctrl-BSO> (Block
- SOrt) on column B first in Ascending order. You will find that the hot
- linked chart will be redrawn with the largest bar at the right when the
- data is sorted in Ascending order on column B.
- 6.1
- It is more usual to display bar charts in descending order from left to
- right. Execute <Ctrl-BSO> again but this time remove the blue star from
- the Ascending order box so that the data is sorted in descending order.
- Now sort it again into alphabetical order on column A. Notice that the
- chart is not only drawn on the screen but is saved to your disc or RAM
- disc each time the data is changed.
- 6.1
- Change Bill to William. The chart is saved and then drawn only when you
- move the cursor from slot [Timing_1]A6 and not before.
- 6.1
- Creating the charts
- 6.1
- You can now repeat the way in which I made this chart. Make sure you
- work with a backup copy of the files. Load [Timing_2]. Look at the
- expression in slot [Timing_2]A14 and you will see that the name of the
- chart you have to create is [Timing_2C]. I have left out the @ in this
- line so that PD will not give you an error message that the chart cannot
- be found. Place the cursor at the start of row 14 and then tap <F8> to
- delete the name of the chart.
- 6.1
- Drag the pointer from A6 to C11 to mark the data. Then execute the
- command <Ctrl-CHN> (CHart New) or alternatively click <menu> and run the
- pointer through Chart and click on New Chart. You will create a bar
- chart which PD will provisionally called [Chart1]. Place the pointer in
- the [Chart1] window, press <menu>, run the pointer through Save, change
- the name to [Timing_2C] and drag the icon into the directory window
- containing the backup copy of [Timing_2].
- 6.1
- Place the pointer in slot [Timing_2]A14 and click <select>. Drag the
- file [Timing_2C] into the [Timing_2] window. The bar chart will be drawn
- at 100% with its top left corner in slot A14. Place the pointer in
- [Timing_2]A14, click <select> and edit the line @G:Timing_2C,100@ to
- read @G:Timing_2C,130@ so that the bar chart is enlarged to 130% size.
- 6.1
- If you wish, you can close the window containing what was [Chart1] and
- is now called [Timing_2C] by clicking on the close window icon.
- 6.1
- Finally, save the modified [Timing_2]. To prove that all is well, close
- the [Timing_2] window and load it again. If you have succeeded, you will
- find that the chart loads and is hot-linked.
- 6.1
- I’m not sure if it’s a ‘bug’ or not but sometimes I find that, on
- reloading, the chart is not hot-linked. If this happens, save every
- thing, quit PD from the icon bar and double click on [Timing_2C]. This
- second time, from a ‘cold start’ the hot link will be active (well it is
- for me).
- 6.1
- Over to you
- 6.1
- If you have succeeded in creating this ‘default options’ chart, you may
- like to experiment and see if you can ‘improve’ the chart. As I implied
- earlier, I am not particularly proud of the file [Timing_1C] as it
- stands. Apart from missing text (such as title and units) which requires
- larger margins (from the Options menu), I would like to see the bars
- narrower so that there is a gap between bars. I would prefer the ‘3D’
- turned off and would like settings (from the Gallery − Bar sub menu)
- such as Bar size 60% width and 60% overlap. All these are achievable
- from within PD but will have to await another tutorial. The file
- [Timing_1D] has been Saved from PD in !Draw format and, as an illustra
- tive chart, I think it is approaching a “Merit” standard. You’ll have to
- wait for another tutorial to ‘discover’ the way to achieve a
- “Distinction” standard using PD’s hot-linked charts.
- 6.1
- Please let me know how you get on and, if you have real trouble
- producing the type of chart you want, write to me enclosing a disc file
- of your data and I will try to help you.
- 6.1
- Finally
- 6.1
- We now have a fax attached to our telephone answering machine. You can
- try sending us a fax on 0 793 723 347 but you might have problems if
- we’re switched to the answerphone and not able to switch it over to fax
- in time. We can’t afford a separate dedicated line for the fax at the
- moment! A
- 6.1
- Hardware Column
- 6.1
- Brian Cowan
- 6.1
- I mentioned in the last issue that I was going to be working in an
- overseas university for the month of August. At that stage I didn’t have
- my A4 and I decided that carrying a full-sized Archimedes machine was
- out of the question. So I was suffering from severe ARM deprivation.
- Imagine my surprise then, on returning, to discover that Acorn had
- announced not one but four new machines in umpteen different configura
- tions! I knew that something was in the pipeline but this has really
- astounded me. I am not going to repeat the information given in the
- recent Archive supplement on the new machines but a few points are worth
- examining in considering what all these developments imply for the
- future.
- 6.1
- The ARM250
- 6.1
- The idea of integrating the functions of the various members of the ARM
- family chip set into a single package is excellent. This fits in very
- well with the general philosophy that Acorn have adopted in developing
- the ARM products. While enhanced performance comes from the improved
- technology allowing a clock speed of 12MHz (a 50% increase) remember
- that the CPU does not have a RAM cache. In other words, this is an ARM2
- system rather than ARM3. In considering what might happen in the future,
- the ARM250 could be enhanced in a number of different ways: RAM cache,
- floating point hardware, etc, etc. My real surprise is that the A4, with
- its severe space (and power) constraints was developed without using the
- ARM250. However, I am glad they did because the ARM3 systems still have
- the edge where performance is concerned. The new machines are aimed at
- the bottom end of the market, although here I suspect that the prices
- still don’t make them competitive enough.
- 6.1
- Prospects for older machines
- 6.1
- I must confess to being apprehensive whenever I hear of new Acorn
- machines being released. I have a considerable investment in the older
- models and I don’t want them to become outdated. The main concern is
- that software houses may not continue to support old hardware when newer
- features become available. Along these lines, I had a sneaking fear that
- RISC-OS 3 might never appear for the older models. I know that it has
- been coded to exploit the RAM cache of the ARM3 to the full and I have
- heard rumours that it runs rather slower than RISC-OS 2 on ARM2
- machines. We shall soon know, but the appearance of the ARM250 means
- that the cache is not to be regarded as an essential requirement for
- software producers.
- 6.1
- A recent letter to me from a reader pointed out that an A540 running
- RISC-OS 3 was a pretty impressive machine; I quite agree although,
- currently, I await the arrival of the release ROMs. (So do several
- hundred other Archive readers! Ed.) The two areas where the machine is
- lacking (as are the older machines as well) are the high capacity floppy
- disc drives and the bi-directional printer port.
- 6.1
- The letter goes on to point out that there is a floppy drive upgrade
- produced by Arxe Systems (although I have yet to see this), but it
- requires the use of one of the precious expansion slots. The problem is
- that the old 1772 disc controller chip cannot be used and somehow access
- must be gained to the required signal lines. This is most conveniently
- done through a podule socket; it certainly can’t be done from the
- existing 1772 output. However, since the required circuitry is not all
- that much I am sure that “fudge” solutions are possible, by connecting
- to existing chips, etc. This sort of product might well appear in the
- future, particularly when you consider that the new high density filing
- system software is contained in the RISC-OS 3.1 ROMs.
- 6.1
- The lack of bi-directional printer port in the older machines does not
- seem to excite so much interest but I think people should give it
- serious consideration. The newer machines all lack in the interfacing/
- expansion area when compared with the older models so I am sure that the
- printer port is going to become very important for hardware expansion in
- the future. Just look around at what exists in the PC world. Adaptors
- from “Centronics” to SCSI, IEEE488, etc, etc. abound. In fact, you can
- find adaptors from the bi-directional printer port to almost any
- communication standard. The A4 has very limited expansion capability,
- although the new machines are a little better. So, with the new style
- printer port, there is a ready-made range of hardware at competitive
- prices and ready for use. All we need is the software. I feel that a
- good high density disc drive interface should also include a bi-
- directional printer port as well. If it did not use a podule slot, it
- would be very attractive indeed. What a pity the 1772 disc controller
- chip is soldered in!
- 6.1
- The real answer to all this is an add-on board which contains the same
- (industry standard) interface chip, providing high density floppy disc
- interface, IDE interface, bidirectional printer port, etc. If this were
- designed to use all the new code in the RISC-OS 3 ROMs, this could
- provide full compatibility for owners of the older machines.
- 6.1
- Floating points
- 6.1
- This topic seems to be a regular feature of this column, with the same
- moans being aired ad nauseam. I have no news about either of the two
- third-party floating point units. However, it appears that the Acorn FPA
- chip is well on the way and should be selling for a reasonably attrac
- tive price. The A5000 has a socket just waiting for this chip but it
- seems that 540 owners will have to trade in their CPU card for one
- containing the FPU. I had hoped that it could be fitted to existing
- cards but that looks unlikely. For owners of ARM2 machines, there will
- be combined ARM3+FPU upgrades. Let’s see who is the first to produce
- one! Hopefully, there will be an option to upgrade the old ARM3-only
- add-ons.
- 6.1
- PC matters
- 6.1
- I have been using my Aleph One PC card for some time now. The software
- support has now reached a reasonable state, permitting either operation
- in a RISC-OS window or single-tasking. The mouse driver problems have
- been sorted out and, all in all, I am quite pleased with the product. A
- little-known interesting feature of the PC card is its sound capability.
- We all know that the sound support of the PC Emulator is pretty
- pathetic. Well, the PC card has all the correct hardware and there is an
- audio output which simply needs to be connected to the Archimedes
- internal audio input.
- 6.1
- I am just in the process of installing a ’387 coprocessor − remember
- that the Config’ file must be altered to tell the machine about its
- presence. I hope to be testing some fairly serious software soon and I
- will let you know how I get on. Unfortunately, most software I am
- interested in seems to come on high density discs. This is a pain (see
- my comments above) but perhaps using my A4 with the imminent RemoteFS
- will be the answer.
- 6.1
- The other day, I was running some DOS software and I was thinking how
- well it was going, when I realised that my 386 card was in another
- machine! The fact is that the software emulator is still improving in
- leaps and bounds. Admittedly, the software I was running was pretty
- elementary, but I am impressed! The latest version (1.81) has EGA
- graphics and I understand that some of the display code has been
- substantially speeded up.
- 6.1
- What is going to happen with the Emulator in the future? I pose this
- question for a number of reasons. Firstly let’s consider the CPU
- emulation. Without going into technicalities, essentially the software
- is pretending to be a “sort of” 8086 microprocessor. Admittedly, later
- versions of the software also include emulation of an 8087 floating
- point coprocessor, but we are still talking about bottom-of-the-range
- hardware. It has always been the rule that DOS software is downward-
- compatible; that is why it is mostly so useless. Well I have news for
- you. Windows 3.1 (which is far superior to version 3.0) needs at least a
- ’286 CPU, so it won’t run on the Emulator − you will have to use a
- hardware card. My guess, however, is that if the Emulator is still being
- developed, then emulation of a more up-market CPU will have to be in the
- pipeline.
- 6.1
- The other thing to consider is WindowsNT. This is Microsoft’s direction
- for the future and it is essentially their attempt at portable software
- (rather like UNIX is supposed to be). As I understand it, this looks
- very much like Windows, so those users will be happy about using it. I
- don’t understand fully how the software portability is supposed to work;
- presumably it is all written in a sort of C and each CPU/machine has its
- own approved compiler. If Acorn are going to go down this road, they may
- call a halt to further PC Emulator work.
- 6.1
- The A4
- 6.1
- Yes, I do now have my A4! And I am delighted with it. My immediate
- reaction to the machine includes two complaints. Firstly the mouse. This
- is simply incredible − do the Acorn bods really expect people to be
- happy carrying around and using a mouse almost as big as the rest of the
- computer. (Come on, Brian, that is a slight over-statement! Ed.) There
- were garbled comments about the difficulty of using a trackerball with
- three buttons, and the A4‘s manual explains how you can run the mouse
- over your leg in a confined space. I know you can do this; I did it for
- a few years before discovering the trackerball. I am really sold on
- trackerballs. One reason is obvious: there is no room on my cluttered
- desk for a mouse; that is why I became expert at running it on my leg!
- So when I thought I would like an A4 I started investigating the Minnie
- Mouse situation.
- 6.1
- Pure Genius
- 6.1
- As usual, those boffins at Atomwide were two steps ahead of me. There is
- a small trackerball which is absolutely ideal for the A4: the Genius
- HiPoint, so-called “smart mouse”. It clips to the side of the A4 (above
- the keyboard next to the hinge so as not to obstruct the disc drive) and
- Atomwide have rewired the connector so that it plugs directly into the
- mouse socket underneath.
- 6.1
- The Genius is a strange looking object, looking rather like a quarter of
- a circle. The ball is at the centre and a shaped bar around the curved
- surface provides “select” and “adjust” functions. A separate button at
- the other side of the ball is the “menu” key. Your hand (well, my one
- actually) fits beautifully around the assembly. With the middle finger
- along the select/adjust bar, your thumb can roll the ball or click the
- button for a menu. The whole thing is a triumph of ergonomics. If you
- are left-handed, it could be fixed on the other side of the keyboard
- (with a longer lead) and also rotated through ninety degrees if
- required.
- 6.1
- Finally, I should comment on the manner of fixing. The clip holding the
- trackerball to the computer case is not all that sturdy − but that is
- deliberate − a knock will dislodge the thing rather than breaking it, or
- the computer case. At first, I was sceptical of the strange-looking
- object but, within half an hour, I had become a firm convert − I really
- recommend this one. (Available at £58 through Archive.)
- 6.1
- SCSI interface (the lack of)
- 6.1
- This is my other complaint. Most of my work is stored on SyQuest
- removables. This has proved the most convenient method for carrying
- material between home and work, as well as transporting data between
- machines in the lab. So, at the moment, I am back to using floppies with
- the A4. Clearly one could obtain access to the IDE bus which should
- support a further hard disc − but this is not SCSI − or we shall have to
- wait for something using the printer port. At the moment, most of the
- usual companies seem reluctant to consider add-on expansions other than
- by the “legal” hardware connections. Hopefully, as time goes on, we will
- see a change of heart. As well as a full speed SCSI interface, I would
- like to have an 8Mb memory expansion. The lack of facility for an FPA is
- unfortunate but I can live without it.
- 6.1
- Strange features
- 6.1
- The keyboard layout takes a bit of getting used to. I really miss the
- F11 and F12 keys. F12 is often used in conjunction with other keys − for
- example, you now have to press <F2> with three other keys at the same
- time to shut down the computer. One very strange feature is the “\”
- character in DOS when using the PC Emulator. DOS users will know that
- this slash is very important as it is used as the directory delimiter −
- as “.” is used in RISC-OS. I was most distressed to discover that in DOS
- the \ did not work but, purely by chance, I found that the hash key #
- gave the required character. I tracked the problem down to the need for
- the UK keyboard driver (as the Release Note actually tells you!).
- However, if you are going to install the driver from your AUTOEXEC.BAT
- file, you must note that the command is different for different versions
- of DOS. Also, make sure the relevant command is issued after the path to
- DOS has been specified.
- 6.1
- One other puzzling feature is that my machine seems to hang-up from time
- to time. This can be very distressing, particularly if there is unsaved
- data. It might well be that the machine is just doing some
- “housekeeping” because, after a minute or so, one regains control of the
- pointer. I don’t know what is happening − maybe I am doing something
- stupid. Has anyone else had similar problems?
- 6.1
- An important feature of a portable is the battery life. The A4 has
- clever battery management support but I would like some more informa
- tion. As yet, I don’t know how long a fully charged battery will last.
- Also, is it better to use a floppy or the hard disc if power consumption
- is critical? It does seem that the most power-hungry part of the machine
- is the screen illumination − you are advised to turn this as low as
- possible. A
- 6.1
- PD Column
- 6.1
- David Holden
- 6.1
- Firstly, here are two items that may be of interest. I have heard of
- another disk magazine with a major difference from the others. The
- magazine is called ‘Lunchtime’ and I gather that the contents will cover
- every topic except computers(!). I shall try to get hold of a copy and
- pass on some more information. Meanwhile if you are interested it costs
- £2 per issue and is available from 203 London Road, Chesterton,
- Newcastle ST5 7HT.
- 6.1
- The second is a new library called ‘Res Publica’. It’s Italian but I am
- sure that there are many Archimedes owners who either speak Italian or
- would be happy to grapple with the language barrier for a new source of
- PD material. A demo disk costs 5,000 lira and is available from
- Christian Ghezzi, via B. da Urbino 2, 20035 Lissone (MI), Italy. Since
- the letter was written in very good English, I don’t think you will have
- any trouble being understood if you write for a demo and catalogue.
- 6.1
- New music
- 6.1
- Vince Hudd of Soft Rock Software has released a ‘computer album’ of
- music titled Winds of Change. The ‘single’ which consists of three
- ‘tracks’ is available from PD libraries. The full package costs £1.99
- from Soft Rock Software. I’m always willing to encourage people like
- Soft Rock who release cut down versions of their games to libraries so,
- for the next few weeks, if you send me (not Archive!) two first class
- stamps and a blank formatted disk I’ll return it with a copy of the PD
- version which is called White Lies.
- 6.1
- PD ray tracing
- 6.1
- There is now a variety of ray tracing programs available from PD
- libraries. The first was QRT (Quick Ray Trace) and more recently the
- Persistence of Vision package has been widely acclaimed. I’ve just
- received a new program called RayTrace which looks very powerful. It’s
- command line driven so probably most useful to those who want to produce
- artwork for games, etc. My artistic prowess (or lack of it) is well
- known so I’m not really qualified to pronounce on the merits of these
- packages but if there is anyone who has tried them, or has the expertise
- to do so, and would be prepared to give a more informed opinion, I would
- like to hear from you.
- 6.1
- The best language for PD programs?
- 6.1
- (It’s at times like this that I feel it appropriate to remind readers
- that the views stated within the pages of Archive do not necessarily
- represent those of the editorial staff. If you want to disagree with
- David, I suggest you write direct to him, not to the Archive office.
- Thanks. Ed.)
- 6.1
- I have had several letters recently from people who want to write PD
- programs for the Archimedes and one question that keeps cropping up is
- what language to use. There is always controversy over which is the
- ‘best’ language. There is, of course, no such thing. Every programming
- language has advantages and disadvantages, and these also vary according
- to the type of computer and the strength of the individual version of
- the language. Many people seem to feel that they will not be taken
- seriously if they write in Basic.
- 6.1
- The Archimedes possesses a powerful and fast version of interpreted
- Basic. Because of its superb OS interface via ‘SYS’ and ‘FX’ calls there
- is very little that can’t be done with Archimedes Basic and because it
- is so simple to use, you are much less likely to have obscure bugs in
- your code. There is often no advantage in using compiled languages for
- simple programs unless speed is essential. Basic programs are easy to
- write, easy to maintain and easy to debug. Sensible programmers never
- make things more complicated than necessary.
- 6.1
- Possibly one reason that people don’t like writing in Basic is that it
- is so easy for others to look at their program code. There is a PD
- application called ‘Basic-M/C’ which takes a Basic program and puts a
- header on it to call Basic and Run the actual program. The whole thing
- is then disguised as absolute code. This seems to have become quite
- popular recently.
- 6.1
- Compiled languages
- 6.1
- Personally, I don’t like compiled Basic very much. On a PC, it is
- different because there is no common Basic interpreter (except perhaps
- GWBasic which is almost useless) so some sort of compiler is essential
- if you want to write portable programs. The disadvantage of compiled
- Basic is that the programs tend to become extremely large. This isn’t
- really a fault of compiled Basic but of Basic compilers. A true compiled
- Basic is a subset of the Basic language which can be compiled into tight
- code. The best only include the code for the ‘keywords’ which are
- actually used so the code can be fairly short. It’s amazing how few
- keywords are necessary to write quite extensive programs. There are,
- however, no compiled Basics for the Archimedes. The Basic compilers
- available, although excellent, accept (almost) the entire range of
- keywords and syntax with the aim of being able to compile almost any
- program. The inevitable consequence is that they produce bulky code.
- Another disadvantage is that most of the compiled Basic programs I have
- seen don’t seem to do any ‘garbage collection’ so that, as they operate,
- they seem to grab more and more memory and never return it to the Wimp
- Pool.
- 6.1
- ‘C’ is the language that Acorn suggest for Archimedes applications. For
- utilities, I think this is a mistake. C is very powerful but has some of
- the disadvantages of compiled Basic. On a multitasking computer,
- programs should ideally be as frugal with memory usage as possible. Even
- a 4 Mb machine will run out of memory if they are not. C programs have a
- habit of becoming rather large. This is OK for main applications which
- will probably be run alone or with only one other but not so good for
- small utilities.
- 6.1
- As an example, the text editor Twin was written in Assembler before any
- compiled languages existed for the Archimedes, (in fact, even before the
- Archimedes itself existed). It is about 28Kb long. Edit is written in C
- and is considerably less powerful but needs 160Kb. I have a PD utility
- program written in ‘C’ which is 87Kb long. An equivalent, almost
- identical, written in Basic takes just 12Kb and, in use, appears just as
- fast.
- 6.1
- One advantage of C is that there is a vast library of PD source code
- available for PC programs. This can often be converted to the Archimedes
- much more quickly than writing the program from scratch. First Word Plus
- originated on the Atari ST, was re-compiled for the PC and then for the
- Archimedes. This advantage has greatly diminished with the introduction
- of RISC-OS and the use of more powerful versions of C such as C++ on
- other computers but quite a large portion of a program can often be used
- with little modification.
- 6.1
- The same comments could be applied to Pascal which is widely used on
- PC’s although not so popular on the Archimedes. True Pascal isn’t
- actually a normal compiled language. It’s a sort of halfway house where
- the compiler produces a ‘pseudo code’ which can be interpreted and run
- very quickly from library routines. This makes it very much faster than
- Basic because the pseudo code is written to suit the way that computers
- want to do things and not the way that humans want to write programs. It
- normally produces ‘tighter’ code than C although is not as fast. Once
- again, portability is now being diminished by the use of Turbo Pascal
- which is nearly as fast and powerful as C but as easy to use as Basic.
- 6.1
- The main reason that professional programmers write in languages like C
- is not because they are necessarily better but because it makes it
- quicker for them to re-compile for other computers if required. They
- also build up a large library of routines and it makes sense to write in
- the language for which these routines are intended.
- 6.1
- I would suggest that if you are looking for something quicker than Basic
- but not as expensive as C then you should investigate the language
- ‘Charm’ available from David Pilling for £5.99 (or £6 from Archive). I
- purchased a copy recently and although I’ve not had time to give it more
- than a brief examination, I would suggest that it would be a good (and
- cheap) alternative to C. Since much of the syntax appears similar, it
- would probably be easy to move up to C later if you needed something
- more powerful.
- 6.1
- I think the best answer to the question of which language to use is to
- find the one that suits your style of thinking. I started programming on
- a KIM II computer (and if you can remember the KIM you must be as
- ancient as me) (Guilty! Ed.) which meant hand coding by punching in 6502
- code on a numeric keyboard, not even an assembler. If anyone had told me
- that within a few years I would own computers that counted RAM in
- megabytes and were probably more powerful than the mainframes of that
- time, I would have found it difficult to believe. I am always amazed at
- how easy it is, using any of the modern languages, to write programs
- that can do almost anything. So don’t worry about what language to use,
- pick the one that you like and learn to use it well. I’ve been writing
- in BBC Basic for years and I often find people who can make it perform
- tricks in ways that would never have occurred to me.
- 6.1
- The greatest enjoyment in writing programs is when you discover an
- elegant method of making the computer perform a task. That’s one of the
- reasons there are so many PD programs that really don’t do anything
- particularly useful, such as the ‘demos’ that all libraries have in
- profusion. The fun was not actually performing the task but in finding a
- way to do it. Sometimes, when I first see a program, I wonder why anyone
- bothered to write it. Then I look at the code and see some wonderfully
- compact or elegant algorithm and realise that’s what it’s all about.
- Programs can sometimes be solutions for which the author couldn’t think
- up a suitable problem. While people derive enjoyment in this way from
- actually writing programs, there will always be PD, because programs
- have to do something, so although the fun might be in the writing, there
- is no reason why the product can’t also be useful to someone.
- 6.1
- Please keep writing to me at the usual address − 39 Knighton Park Road,
- Sydenham, London SE26 5RN. A
- 6.1
- Multimedia Column
- 6.1
- Ian Lynch
- 6.1
- “IL ’92” has more significance than this year’s version of my initials.
- It stands for Interactive Learning ’92 and is an annual conference
- organised by the ubiquitous John Barker, editor of InsideIT. In the
- context of Acorn’s recent marketing initiatives and new product
- releases, the reaction to their presence at IL ’92 was perhaps the most
- significant feature of the conference and so it is the dominant subject
- of this month’s column.
- 6.1
- Big names
- 6.1
- IL’92 is supported by most of the big names in the multimedia computer
- industry − Philips, IBM, Apple, Commodore and, of course, Acorn. The
- format of the conference was a series of seminars in a large lecture
- room with video projector, quality audio systems and technicians in
- attendance. Various stands were also available to enable the customers
- to “have a go” with a variety of the latest toys.
- 6.1
- Conference or trade show?
- 6.1
- I must admit that although this conference has been an annual event for
- eight years, this is the first that I have attended. Part of the reason
- for this is that it is in Edinburgh, it is expensive and, until
- recently, I was more interested in technical developments than in
- marketing issues and presentations.
- 6.1
- Considering that the conference was focussed on interactive learning,
- there were very few practising teachers present (probably reflecting the
- cost) and, in my view, this was a major weakness. There were many
- influential people including Margaret Bell, the new Chief Executive of
- the National Council for Educational Technology but a very dominant part
- of the population were representatives of hardware and software
- companies. This leads one to speculate about the purpose of such a
- meeting. I suspect that the manufacturers were there as much because
- they have a history of attendance and want to see what the opposition
- has to offer as to get any real interaction with potential customers.
- Most of the company representatives I talked to could not discuss the
- learning implications of the technologies they were pedalling in any
- sensible way and this is why I question the title.
- 6.1
- Double standards
- 6.1
- One of the strangest things about a conference entitled Interactive
- Learning was the complete inability of the majority of the speakers to
- use interactive techniques successfully in their own deliveries.
- 6.1
- Not so rosy Apples
- 6.1
- Apple’s presentations were bad − which is unusual for them and one
- wonders whether they would have been so complacent with an industrial
- audience. One speaker extolled the virtues of QuickTime and how there
- was a huge library of video clips just waiting for teachers and
- developers. He then went on to show some clips which were completely
- irrelevant to his talk and the majority of his presentation was talking
- to text on a large screen. If this tool is so easy to use and there is
- such an abundance of material why couldn’t he put together a decent
- presentation?
- 6.1
- There are two issues here. Firstly, there is more to designing interac
- tive applications than the raw technology − specific skills are needed.
- Secondly, despite the fact that it is becoming easier, putting together
- a half hour quality presentation takes several hours of planning. I
- would say it is better not to present at all than to make a pig’s ear of
- it.
- 6.1
- Big Blue
- 6.1
- IBM took a different approach with “Ultimedia”. (John Patten would
- deduct 2% for spelling before they started!) They gave an industry
- standard presentation using digital video sequences of Hush Puppies and
- Ski-Sunday on a £3000 workstation − very professionally presented.
- Unfortunately, they were not addressing shoe salesman or Jean-Claude
- Killy. Sorry, boys, education and training are not the same industry as
- selling shoes and, by the way, you were in Scotland not America so all
- those American accents are culturally completely out of place. To add
- insult to injury, the presenter said that he was hoping that attending
- these events would bring enlightenment to his superiors so that they
- would take education more seriously. Incredible! If we customers make
- enough fuss the manufacturer might condescend to give us some thought.
- And we think Acorn have got marketing problems!
- 6.1
- Philips
- 6.1
- We witnessed the first ever public showing of full motion video for CD-I
- before it was flown out to Europe. James Bond in action on a video
- projector was looking good but we will have to wait for interactive
- applications. Steve White gave his usual presentation with the little
- risqué asides. David Anderson’s after dinner speech did not quite work.
- Another one who misjudged his audience. Sexist comments are not suitable
- in mixed company!
- 6.1
- ICL
- 6.1
- I did not attend the ICL presentation but ICL are worth a mention
- because they have a marketing push into education. Am I the only one for
- whom their education name, CLASSICL, conjures up an image of the dated
- and obsolete technologies associated with the Greeks? A nice pun but an
- indication that whoever thought it up was not aware of the images that
- it might project to aware IT users, familiar with multitasking operating
- systems and RISC technology.
- 6.1
- Acorn
- 6.1
- So what about Acorn? Well, they weren’t perfect − Peter Talbot was
- replaced as a speaker at short notice by Roger Brodie who had a frog in
- his throat. Most of his presentation was text based on Cable News − but
- at least he was professional, generally relevant to learning and he used
- a multimedia application in his delivery rather than the OHP used by
- some.
- 6.1
- Malcolm Bird backed by Roger Wilson provided a winning combination for
- two reasons. Firstly, the delivery was to a very high standard using a
- variety of graphics audio and moving pictures. Malcolm took value for
- money as his theme and the appropriateness of state of the art technol
- ogy given this constraint. This was then related to applications of
- direct relevance to teaching and learning. Secondly, Acorn showed that
- they were committed by sending several of their most senior staff to a
- conference on August Bank Holiday. John Barker, the event organiser,
- proclaimed it the best presentation of the conference on more than one
- occasion.
- 6.1
- Eidos
- 6.1
- Dr Stephen Streater gave a presentation of the Eidos video editing
- system with a very thorough explanation of the issues associated with
- digital off-line editing. He also fell into the trap of far too much
- text-based material and he talks rather too quickly and quietly at
- times. However, I felt he was more sympathetically received because he
- was obviously a very clever “techie” rather than someone in marketing
- and the product did something which was obviously useful rather than a
- technical gimmick. In fact, it’s fair to say that the audience were
- “gob-smacked”. Here was a simple-to-use system based on a standard
- desktop computer which would not only digitise video in real time but
- pack it into half the space of !Replay without much loss in quality.
- This means that almost three hours of video could be packed onto one CD.
- Eidos will produce !Replay compatible films so it will soon be possible
- to reduce the cost of digitising films for use in !Replay by a factor of
- 100.
- 6.1
- A watershed
- 6.1
- To me this conference could well represent a watershed for Acorn, not
- because of its World significance but because it is the first time I
- have experienced such a level of pro-Acorn feeling in a multi-company
- arena. It is as if we have reached a critical mass where people are
- ready to accept that the ARM technology is here to stay.
- 6.1
- Roger Wilson was awarded the ‘man of the year’ prize by Chris Roper,
- managing director of Longman Logotron. Chris pointed out Roger’s many
- achievements and how, from a technical perspective and in relation to
- British education, they were more startling than those of billionaire
- Bill Gates of Microsoft. Several people said that Acorn provided the
- most cost-effective multimedia solutions and there was a lot of interest
- in the new machines.
- 6.1
- Digital video has arrived. Admittedly, a little flaky in quality but it
- will improve, and it looks as if many IV laser disc applications will be
- moved to CD-ROM. I have every confidence in the technical abilities of
- Roger Wilson and Stephen Streater to surpass current achievements and so
- if there is a choice between CD-ROM and Laservision, now is the time to
- back CDs. A
- 6.1
- Econet Column
- 6.1
- Neil Berry
- 6.1
- I would like to begin with a warning for anyone who is currently
- installing Econet hardware, specifically cabling. A few months ago, an
- article by was published in Archive, where Richard Gates (Archive 5.8
- p61) complained about the flimsy nature of the plastic IDC insertion
- tool, and that it easily fractured after a small number of uses, and
- that a screwdriver might be a better solution. However, after receiving
- a letter from Malcolm Fraser, I am reminded that this is a rather
- dangerous thing to do.
- 6.1
- When the cable is inserted into the junction box, the cable’s insulation
- is parted by two carefully aligned blades, which make the electrical
- contact. If the incorrect device is used to insert the cable, there is a
- considerable danger that these blades will become damaged and no longer
- provide a good contact with the cable. Econet is a very tolerant system
- and can take quite harsh installation and use, but in these days of
- large data files and widespread use of Archimedes, small faults tend to
- show up much more quickly and faults concerned with intermittently
- faulty cable can be a network manager’s worst nightmare.
- 6.1
- High quality professional tools to do this job are available from R.S.
- Components, from simple £15 tools, all the way up to £300 production
- devices. This range of expense may seem excessive but the extra money
- spent initially, more than makes up for the otherwise lost time (and
- hair replacement treatment) when you come to try and trace an intermit
- tent fault on your network! Richard’s article is definitely worth a
- second read, as I think anyone involved with Econet could relate to the
- problems mentioned.
- 6.1
- (Actually, the article was by-lined as “Geoff Gates” instead of Richard
- Gates − I think I had Geoff Capes in my mind. Sorry about that, Richard!
- Ed.)
- 6.1
- ClassNet
- 6.1
- The main bulk of the column this month is devoted to looking at the new
- release from Oak Solutions. On the 3/4 July, at the AccessIT conference
- in Nottingham, Oak Solutions launched their new high performance
- Archimedes networking system − ClassNet. The main difference between
- Econet and ClassNet, is its use of thick or thin Ethernet, or fiberoptic
- cable systems, thus providing it with a good deal of compatibility with
- pre-existing industry standard cabling systems. The firmware provided
- with the system presents the user with a standard Econet type interface
- and is compatible with existing Level IV file servers and printer
- spoolers, so that it builds on existing technology found in schools and
- other establishments. Perhaps the biggest attraction of the new system
- is that it has REAL data transfer rates of around 600Kb per second,
- which is 40 times faster than Econet and nearly twice the speed of ST506
- hard discs.
- 6.1
- Network configuration
- 6.1
- The cabling for the new system consists of a backbone and spur con
- figuration, with the main cable runs (the backbones) consisting normally
- of Thick Ethernet cable and the spurs being Thin Ethernet cable. In
- order to link separate networks together, perhaps in different depart
- ments or buildings where cable runs are very long, fibre optic cable may
- be used to optimise the system. As this type of network is very similar
- to the multi-drop system used by Econet, it should be a simple matter to
- wire the ClassNet system alongside the existing Econet system, even
- using the same trunking! One of the reasons for the speed of the network
- is that the backbone and spur network configuration optimises network
- performance by separating local network traffic, preventing unnecessary
- information from saturating the whole network, preventing thrashing.
- 6.1
- Existing Econet networks with BBC computers may be connected to the new
- system via a gateway package which simply converts between Econet and
- Ethernet protocols, allowing BBC computers to transparently access any
- fileserver or other service, located anywhere within the network. Even
- though ClassNet uses an Ethernet cabling system, it is not possible to
- ‘plug into’ another PC based Ethernet system, without the use of another
- gateway, such as Acorn’s TCP/IP, allowing access to PC and or UNIX
- machines.
- 6.1
- ClassShare
- 6.1
- Launched in conjunction with ClassNet, is the new ClassShare system,
- allowing a number of machines to share the ClassRom hard disc system,
- thus reducing the load on the fileservers. The ClassRom units are
- usually discrete hard disc units, or suitably altered A5000 internal
- drives, with each drive being partitioned into an applications area and
- a general access read/write ‘scratchpad’ area. ClassRoms may be used as
- stand alone discs, allowing a high degree of security from hacking and
- viruses, by virtue of its password protected read only area.
- 6.1
- ClassRom units may also be used as a shared system, allowing a small
- number of users without the use of a fileserver, to access the ClassRom
- unit remotely from a cluster of machines. Users are presented with two
- disc icons on the desktop and simply access either their own area, or
- applications, by clicking on these icons, just as if using a local disc.
- Network managers are able to do management work remotely, on any
- fileserver or ClassRom connected to the network, and are also able to
- back up any hard disc anywhere on the network, onto a tape streamer. CD-
- ROMs may also be used across the network, utilising special memory
- cacheing techniques to maximise performance and minimise delays in
- access and read/write operations, traditionally associated with CD-ROM
- units.
- 6.1
- Is it worth it?
- 6.1
- Obviously the main attraction to any institution looking into buying
- this system, is the sheer speed of operation, which is hardly surpris
- ing, with quoted speeds in excess of some local hard disc units. The
- other major advantage of the system over Econet is the improved security
- offered, by having certain disc sections as read only to every user,
- apart from the network manager. Unfortunately, I think that the
- attraction of Ethernet, whilst also allowing downward compatibility with
- Econet, and being a very good concept does not work economically. To
- obtain the quoted data transfer rates over a multiple Archimedes
- network, you first have to install new Ethernet cable to serve all of
- the computers and have a ration of four computers to every ClassRom
- unit, which means that, in a room of only twelve A3000 machines, you
- will need to spend just short of £3,000 to maintain the advised ratio of
- ClassRoms to computers. Admittedly, this will give you greatly improved
- performance and the promise of greater reliability but what about the
- question of internetwork compatibility between ClassShare clusters and
- industry standard UNIX, XENIX and Novell type networks? If you intend to
- link your group of twelve Archimedes computers via their new Ethernet
- network to a PC system, you still have to purchase a package such as
- TCP/IP to enable you to have a gateway into the UNIX world, for example.
- At just over £1,000 for a site licence version of TCP/IP, you are now
- talking in the region of £4000 to connect up your twelve A3000s, and
- that doesn’t include the cost of the cabling. Also, you need to remember
- that you cannot plug an Ethernet cable straight into the back of your
- Archimedes and you need a ClassNet interface for each machine, at an
- educational price of £150 (£200 non educational). This now means that,
- assuming you already have your Level 4 fileserver and twelve A3000
- machines, and excluding the cost of cabling and installation, the whole
- set up would cost you in the region of £6,000. It is obvious even from
- the simple calculations above that you will have to think very carefully
- indeed before trying to swap over your existing networks.
- 6.1
- I do like the new package from Oak Solutions but, as I have outlined
- above, I am not entirely sure whether this is a step in the right
- direction. I think you also have to weigh up very carefully how much you
- need the increased speed of the Ethernet system and look at the cost and
- decide if you need the supposed ‘outside world’ compatibility which
- could be just as easily achieved on one machine over TCP/IP (installa
- tion review coming soon).
- 6.1
- More information and a free wall chart about the whole package can be
- obtained from Oak Solutions.
- 6.1
- Line jammed error?
- 6.1
- If your network is continually crashing with the ‘Line jammed’ error, it
- could be a rather nasty bit of non-standard memory manipulation,
- distributed on an Amiga disc. The problem may be particularly prevalent
- on a network that has BBC machines on it. Because of the rather
- sensitive nature of the issue and the potential havoc that could be
- caused by certain less-than-helpful school members, I will only tell
- people what is happening, and how to fix it, if they send me a stamped
- addressed envelope, with an accompanying letter − on official headed
- note paper!
- 6.1
- Next month.....
- 6.1
- Next month I am going to discuss what I feel is the future for Archi
- medes networking, with the release of all of the new hardware products
- from Acorn − particularly the AUN Level IV fileserver. I also hope to be
- printing a short series of articles about the installation and use of
- Acorn’s TCP/IP suite and perhaps giving out some more software. I would
- be very interested to receive any correspondence about the software from
- Alan Williams, particularly !awServer.
- 6.1
- As usual, I can be contacted at: 21 Pargeter Street, Stourbridge, West
- Midlands, DY8 1AU (no phone calls please). If you have any comments
- about this column or would like to offer some ideas or tell the world
- about a new simple method for doing a tedious networking job, write in
- and tell me about, so that I can make you famous. I can’t promise to
- answer all letters individually but I will try to give any subjects
- raised an airing on these pages. A
- 6.1
- Keynote
- 6.1
- John Oversby
- 6.1
- There is now a plethora of databases for computers, most providing a
- wide range of searches and sorts, graphing routines, statistical
- analysis and field calculations. Anglia TV produced Key for BBC systems
- and then KeyPlus for the Archimedes range. Keynote has been produced for
- primary schools, to provide a simple introduction to databases.
- Datafiles produced using Keynote can be used on the full KeyPlus system
- and some of the simple KeyPlus files can be analysed using Keynote.
- 6.1
- Modes of operation
- 6.1
- Keynote uses the same application to view a datafile, or to create or
- amend a datafile. Change from one mode to another is made by a menu
- selection from the icon bar after installation but before a file is
- loaded or created. A configure option offers choices such as locking the
- mode of operation (so that it could be locked to the view mode to
- prevent users changing a datafile during searching) and the use of a
- password. It is also possible to restrict other choices so that pupils
- would only see one type of graph available, to remove the danger of
- choosing an inappropriate graph. This could be useful for younger
- children starting to use a database but as they progress further options
- can be added.
- 6.1
- Data entry
- 6.1
- Five methods of data entry are available, Count, Record Card, Choices,
- Standard and Time Log.
- 6.1
- Count datafiles have two fields, automatically labelled “Type” and
- “Total”. Data is entered in a tally chart form. There are 32 categories
- available with display in the form of a bar chart or a pie chart, chosen
- as the datafile is constructed. The configure option for saves defaults
- to the $ directory on a floppy disc in drive 0, but can be changed to,
- for example, a sub-directory called “$.keynote.files” on a hard disc.
- This was not made particularly clear in the manual. As files are
- changed, in the amend mode, they are continually updated without warning
- so it is vitally important to use copies of files from the very
- beginning.
- 6.1
- Record Card datafiles also contain two fields, a words field and a
- picture field. Pictures can be in Sprite or Draw format.
- 6.1
- Choices datafiles take the form of a words field with up to 63 choice
- fields, each of which can take up to 16 categories. Choices are made
- from a selection constructed at the time of datafile creation. During
- data entry, all that is required is a mouse click in a box, followed by
- a confirmation. It is possible to set the package so that the next entry
- is either the next field or the next record. This offers the opportunity
- for a child to enter multiple records referring to himself at one
- sitting or for the members a whole class to enter data, such as shoe
- size, one after another.
- 6.1
- Standard datafiles are more comprehensive, combining Count, Record Card
- and Choices with the addition of a variety of choice formats such as
- words, numbers, multiple choice and date. An option to record a position
- on a diagram or map is also available in the Standard format. Diagrams
- and maps can be Sprites or Draw pictures and, as the data is entered,
- its position can be plotted instantly on a map, emphasising the
- relationship between data entry and display. The pictures are displayed
- by dragging onto the Keynote icon.
- 6.1
- Time Logs are used to enter data at fixed time intervals, decided at
- time of entry, and a secondary (hidden) field of time values is made so
- that a line chart can be plotted subsequently.
- 6.1
- Data analysis
- 6.1
- In the view mode, there are options to find, display and sort records or
- produce graphs. The operation of the find section depends on whether
- data has been entered as free text or in a choices mode, but if a map
- has been used, drawing a box around the section of interest will select
- just those points in that box. This makes it easier to make searches for
- those who find text difficult such as very young children or those who
- speak English as a second language.
- 6.1
- Pie chart, bar chart, line graph, Venn diagram and Carroll diagram
- displays are provided. The latter was new to me and is used to display
- relationships in a datafile, such as whether there is a correlation
- between blue eyes and blond hair. Searches must be carried out first to
- determine numbers and these can be entered in boxes as in the diagram.
- Finally, the user can select whether all the records or selected records
- are in use as graphs or further searches are used. Graphs can be
- outputted as Drawfiles. Why is there no alternative output for the
- datafile, in text format, for example, so that pupils could use DTP
- packages such as Phases or Impression Junior to print out their work?
- 6.1
- Data capture sheets
- 6.1
- To assist children in recording data, an extra application is provided
- to print data capture sheets, using outline fonts if required, with the
- teacher proving heading and footing text. One deficiency of the program
- is that the sheet can only be seen if imported into Draw, or printed
- out. However, the standard of presentation of the sheets, with boxes for
- ticking and sections for writing in text, was very high. I would use
- these extensively. Since they can be saved in Draw format, they can
- easily be edited to exclude data not needed at that time or to add
- pictures and other information.
- 6.1
- The manual
- 6.1
- This was the least satisfactory part of the package. I am used to the
- operation of KeyPlus but even though I used the example datafiles on the
- Keynote disc and re-read the manual several times, it still took me a
- long time to get used to the way Keynote operated. I feel that the
- manual should be re-written in a tutorial form, with plenty of pictures
- showing what should be on the screen at each point. Details of the
- operation of each section should be in a reference section at the back.
- The sample worksheets would be difficult for teachers to use with
- classes as they are cluttered with notes to the teacher. It needs a
- pupil introductory booklet, liberally illustrated in view of the target
- age range of primary school pupils. Finally, Anglia TV should consider
- the production of a training video as a more effective tool for
- developing its use in the classroom. In an age where we use the best
- technology for database work, why are we still stuck with boring text-
- based manuals?
- 6.1
- Summary
- 6.1
- Keynote competes with other packages such as the excellent Pinpoint. It
- has potential and it also has the secure base of existing KeyPlus
- datafiles as a start. The ability to use maps for presentation and data
- searches is a great advantage and should be exploited even further. The
- manual should have been aimed more at those who have limited knowledge
- of IT and serious consideration should have been given to alternative
- methods of training users in the operation of the package.
- 6.1
- Keynote is available from: ITVA, 6 Paul Street, London EC2A 4JH. The
- cost is £27.50 + VAT for a single copy and £40 +VAT for a primary school
- site licence. A
- 6.1
- Fonts Workshop − Part 2
- 6.1
- Roger Spooner
- 6.1
- All Archimedes fonts are stored on the computer itself, rather than in
- the printer or elsewhere. Inside your !Fonts application directory are a
- number of files describing the shapes of the letters in detail. FontEd
- is Acorn’s program for editing these shapes, allowing you to design new
- fonts or change existing ones.
- 6.1
- Font Files
- 6.1
- The !Fonts application contains lots of sub-directories, each containing
- files describing the fonts.
- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
- Part of the directory structure of !Fonts
- 6.1
- In the first diagram, you can see that the directory structure is
- identical to the Font names: Wherever the operating system finds an
- IntMetrics file, it counts that as a font.
- 6.1
- The IntMetrics file describes the sizes of each of the letters − the
- bounding box which is a rectangle giving the limits within which the
- specified letter will appear (definitely not outside it) and the caret
- offset, defining how wide the letter is. When the computer is working
- out the length of a sentence, or how many pages a document occupies, it
- can get all the information it needs from the IntMetrics file.
- 6.1
- The Outlines file contains the shapes of the letters. For each character
- there are a number of hinting lines (scaffold and skeleton lines) and
- the shape of the character’s outline. It is this that you spend most of
- the time editing in FontEd.
- 6.1
- Loading a Font
- 6.1
- First, you need FontEd itself. I recommend version 0.27, available from
- many sources including PD libraries. (It’s available on Careware 7. Ed.)
- 6.1
- Hold <Shift>, then double click on the !Fonts icon. Enter any of the
- directories you want and find an Outlines file. If using a version
- before 0.27, you should check that this is in the current and only font
- directory (in Font$Path). Double click on the Outlines file, then wait
- as FontEd displays all the characters. You can work immediately but it’s
- fun to watch them appear.
- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
- Before going any further, it’s important to realise that FontEd is an
- experienced user’s program. Don’t expect it to help you too much. In
- particular, be careful which mouse button you press, (<adjust> or
- <select>) because they do not have the same effect.
- 6.1
- Now, double click <select> on the character of your choice. A window
- will appear showing the shape in outline, with small green blobs where
- each corner or end point is. In a professionally made font, there will
- also be horizontal and vertical scaffold lines going right across the
- window. Despite what I said in my previous article, scaffold lines are
- much the lesser of the hinting features, even though they are more
- difficult to implement both for the designer and the programmer. Thus
- some fonts do not have scaffold lines.
- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
- Adding Lines
- 6.1
- To change the location of an existing point, move to its green dot, then
- drag it with <adjust>. This will make the point move and the two lines
- connecting to it will move to follow.
- 6.1
- To insert a new line section in the existing character, drag from one of
- the existing green points with <select>. This creates a new line: one
- end is at the original green point, the other with the mouse, and it is
- inserted in the outline. This is important because any font character
- must contain a closed loop of lines; every line must be joined to
- something at both ends. To create a completely new line connected to
- nothing, drag from anywhere else. This will be a skeleton line, because
- they do not have to be in a loop − they normally form a chain with open
- ends. In fact, skeleton lines must not be in a closed loop, otherwise
- the section becomes part of the outline of the character, probably
- causing strange results.
- 6.1
- Whenever a previously unclosed line is connected to another, FontEd
- bleeps to tell you. To do this, drag it very close to the other.
- Unfortunately, in the design of fonts, you do sometimes end up with two
- points which are in the same place but are accidentally unconnected.
- This can be resolved, albeit inefficiently, by dragging with <adjust> on
- each point without moving it. If there are two unconnected points there,
- they become linked.
- 6.1
- Precision
- 6.1
- If you were designing a new font, it would be useful to have some way of
- aligning points with each other and even across fonts. This is not
- directly possible but a number of underhand techniques are available.
- 6.1
- Firstly, you can select ‘Display-Coords’ from the Skeleton window’s
- menu. This gives you the coordinates of the pointer, when dragging, in
- font Design Units. If you are going to use these, it would be as well to
- use round numbers like 400 for the height. It makes the on-the-spot
- arithmetic easier!
- 6.1
- To gain consistency across characters is more difficult and involves
- creating scaffolds.
- 6.1
- Scaffold Lines
- 6.1
- First of all, place skeleton lines at the appropriate height or width
- (using the coordinate display). Using these, create scaffold lines (from
- the menu, choose Scaffold−New Global−H-Scaffold or V-Scaffold for
- horizontal or vertical). Drag the scaffold out to the right width using
- the blobs on the end, then press <Escape> to get out of Scaffold mode.
- 6.1
- Once you have all your scaffolds in one character (maybe SPACE if
- designing a new font), go to the main FontEd window and drag with
- <adjust> to any character box you want to inherit your new scaffolds.
- For characters which have not been created yet, double click on their
- little box first. The characters will then all have scaffolds in exactly
- the same place, ready for alignment of the actual outline.
- 6.1
- You can delete the skeleton lines used originally if you don’t want
- them.
- 6.1
- Deleting lines
- 6.1
- Point somewhere along the length of the line to be deleted, click
- <select> briefly, then select Delete from the menu. Similarly, deleting
- Scaffold lines is done by clicking on its blob and selecting Delete.
- 6.1
- How do I do a curve?
- 6.1
- When you create a new line, you will notice that it is always straight.
- Also, all lines, whether straight or curved, have control points about ¼
- of the way along. These are dummy control points for straight lines but
- you can make the line a curve simply by dragging these (with <adjust>).
- Great care is required in the use of bezier curves to make them look
- good in fonts. The previous article described how to keep curves clean:
- Imagine the crossing point of the lines from the end points to the
- control points of the curve, as shown by the dotted line below.
- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
- If this crossing point is between one of the end points and its control
- point (as in the diagram), the curve won’t look nice. The crossing point
- should be beyond both control points.
- 6.1
- To turn a curve back to a straight section, choose ‘straighten’ from the
- menu when that line is selected.
- 6.1
- Hinting
- 6.1
- It is also important to hint a new font. This means adding skeleton
- lines and then scaffold lines. Ideally, this should be done after
- completing each letter and not left until the very end.
- 6.1
- Skeleton lines run through the middle of the black section of a
- character, especially where it is thin. This line will always be
- plotted, regardless of the outline thickness. As in the diagram, it
- should be placed within the outline and going to the tips of any points
- or corners.
- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
- The skeleton line does not need to be precisely placed except at the
- tips and it must never go outside the main outline.
- 6.1
- The skeleton line is just a normal line, or sequence of lines, except
- that they are not closed into a loop as the outline is.
- 6.1
- Scaffold lines ensure that the maximum line thickness is used and that
- it is regular and symmetrical. First of all, place scaffold lines on the
- vertical and horizontal line sections by moving to the point you want to
- be optimised, then choose Scaffold. New Global−Vscaffold or Hscaffold
- from the main menu. Vscaffolds are two lines which should be placed on
- the left and right edges of the vertical part of a line and similarly
- Hscaffolds go on a horizontal part, as shown in the diagram below.
- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
- The light lines are the two edges of the scaffold lines: one pair at the
- top, one pair down each side and one pair at the bottom. Each reinforces
- a vertical or horizontal section.
- 6.1
- Next, curve scaffold lines can be used: Where a bezier curve bulges out,
- it can be badly plotted. Use a Left, Right, Up, or Down scaffold line to
- protect curves which bulge in the named direction, as below.
- 6.1
- 6.2
- 6.1
- Scaffold lines can be selected (and moved) by clicking (or dragging) the
- green blob at the edge of the window. This turns the line red and shows
- any outline points which are linked to it in red also. To add or remove
- points, click on them at this stage or drag a rubber-band box round a
- set of points. To disconnect many points, choose Scaffold−Disconnect
- from the menu. The end points at both ends of a curve of interest should
- be linked to a scaffold line for it to work.
- 6.1
- To unselect the scaffold line, press <Escape>.
- 6.1
- To pair two scaffold lines together, for example the two sides of an
- ‘H’, select one by clicking on its blob, then hold <Shift> or <Control>
- and click on the blob of the other scaffold line. There is a hierarchy
- which you can use, of parent and child lines, to link them together. The
- colours of the blobs change to indicate the state of a line.
- 6.1
- Live links
- 6.1
- A great way to save time when creating some characters is to copy parts
- of old ones. This can be done either by dragging an existing letter’s
- little box in the font window to another box, or by Live Links. While
- the former copies the shape for you to edit, the latter stores only the
- number of the character being copied. If ever it wants to know the
- shape, it looks at that source at the time that it wants to plot it.
- Thus copying an ‘e’ into an accented é means that any alterations to the
- normal e will be reflected immediately (in the é).
- 6.1
- To make a live link, drag a character box to another while holding down
- <Shift>. To delete one such link, do it again but holding down <Ctrl>.
- You can then link in the accent, and the new letter is finished in
- seconds.
- 6.1
- To move linked sections, open the skeleton window for the new character
- and click once at any unimportant place. Then, using the cursor keys
- will move the linked section around without affecting any real outline
- sections. If there is more than one link, only one will move. Click
- again in the window’s background to cycle through them.
- 6.1
- Character widths
- 6.1
- It is important to set the width of each character, of course. Only
- experience can tell you exactly how wide to make it, but it must be done
- by following Width from the skeleton window’s menu. Enter a number in
- design units, probably around 400. Clicking with <adjust> means that the
- menu remains visible and you can alter it easily.
- 6.1
- There will be more about good design in the fourth article of this
- series. A
- 6.1
- Minerva Business Accounts Package
- 6.1
- Dave Wilcox
- 6.1
- There is nothing like jumping in with both feet is there? I use an A410
- for graphic design work at a small printing company and, in my wisdom, I
- suggested that the accounts could also be put onto this machine − “No
- problem!”, I hear you cry.
- 6.1
- The package
- 6.1
- The package that was chosen was the Minerva suite − as the title of this
- article suggests. This package, like all Minerva packs, is nicely
- presented; it comes in a loose-leaf binder enclosed within a box. The
- package is made up of five parts:
- 6.1
- − Order Processing/Invoicing
- 6.1
- − Sales Ledger
- 6.1
- − Purchase Ledger
- 6.1
- − Stock Management
- 6.1
- − Nominal Ledger
- 6.1
- Each part will cost around £85 each plus VAT or you can obtain the full
- package for a discounted price dependent on the dealer. You are free to
- choose which of these five parts you will use. Once chosen, these parts
- can be used independently or combined into one package. However, the
- true versatility of the package is only realised when the individual
- modules are linked.
- 6.1
- The instructions for the software average approximately fifty pages per
- pack − not too heavy for most users and they appear to cover all the
- salient features. The main point stressed within the first few pages is
- to work through the tutorial sections. I agree with this completely −
- you cannot jump straight in and use this package.
- 6.1
- Installation
- 6.1
- First, take a backup of all of your master discs and put them away
- safely. The software will backup via the Risc commands or the desktop.
- To combine the programs, you require considerable disc space − a small
- set-up like mine currently occupies 1.5M. All the discs will run
- independently as there is an accounts system on each disc. Create a
- directory called accounts on your hard disc and copy across, from the
- first floppy disc, the !Accounts directory. Once this is installed, open
- this directory on the hard disc. In turn, open !Accounts on each of the
- other floppies and copy across the blue directory folder for each part
- i.e. Nominal, Stock, Purchase, Sales and Invoicing. Use the Sysmerge
- application to update your current system, if necessary. Finally, create
- a directory within your accounts folder called !AccData. The program is
- now installed on your hard drive. I have successfully installed this
- package on both ADFS and SCSI discs and have encountered no problems
- running the software to date. I have not tried it under the IDE system.
- 6.1
- To start the system, you double click on the !Accounts icon which loads
- it onto the icon bar. To initialise the system, you now drag the
- !AccData file onto the Accounts icon on the iconbar. You will then be
- prompted to create data files for the packages you have installed.
- 6.1
- Setup
- 6.1
- To start the program simply click on the iconbar icon. Accounts will
- take then over the machine. Although it is run from the desktop, it is
- not, at present, multi-tasking − perhaps this will happen in the future
- versions as !Accounts uses only 224k of memory on loading.
- 6.1
- Invoicing module
- 6.1
- You now have to set up the programs as you wish them to run. The first
- part that I attempted to configure was Invoicing. I was happy that this
- was the first because the manual says that if you meet problems, you
- should dump the setup and start again. I did this numerous times, as I
- recall, though I did the same the first time I tried to set up System
- Delta cards.
- 6.1
- The only problem I came across on this setup was the delete field
- option. This did not seem to work and I know not why. I therefore
- suggest careful planning of the fields you require prior to their
- installation on the card. This system is very versatile in this respect,
- I have managed to set up the invoicing to match our existing invoice
- forms. However, I have had to change the printed forms to a blank grid
- in which the system can print its own field headers. This is not a
- problem, however, as anyone interested can order their next batch of
- invoice forms minus the text headings. The invoice section will produce
- hard copies of orders/invoices to various destinations, i.e. Despatch
- Note, Customer Copy, Office Copy, Invoice and Copy and you can change
- these titles if you wish. Each copy is printed as a separate sheet, so
- if you use NCR sets, you will have to change.
- 6.1
- One nice aspect of this invoicing system is that you can store a
- database of your suppliers and customers and you can assign customer
- discounts, stock item discounts or combinations of both. These can be
- entered as a cash discount, percentage discount or conditional discount.
- The conditional discount uses the standard basic structure for defini
- tion − e.g. if 1000 items supplied x% else y%, etc. These, when entered,
- are subsequently put onto the invoices by the program, totally transpar
- ent to the user unless you wish to overide the specified discounts
- manually. There are also six configurable VAT rates in order to allow
- for changes of mind by the tax-man, zero rate or export or any other
- titles you may wish to enter.
- 6.1
- Stock module
- 6.1
- The stock management section of the software is easily set up with your
- initial stock items and, as you progress, the program keeps this
- updated. Facilities are available for items to be returned to stock, if
- incorrectly supplied or left out if defective. Credit notes can also be
- generated for returned goods. The Stock Management system can also be
- used to advise on the ordering of items to replenish the stock. In
- calculating this, the lead time for an item is taken into account along
- with the turnover of the item. There is also the facility to enter onto
- each stock card the details of any suppliers of the item, their current
- charges and the date of the last quoted item price.
- 6.1
- Ledger modules
- 6.1
- The next part to tackle is the ledger systems, i.e. Nominal, Purchase
- and Sales. As with the other modules if you work through the set up
- routines as prompted by the machine and follow what you are doing in the
- manual, you should have little trouble. Once the ledgers have been set
- up, you can use the parameter options to go back and link all the
- modules together, thereby interlinking all the data. Once the programs
- are linked and running, you can enter your data daily in numerous ways
- as business progresses. The nice part of this system is the reporting
- facilities, including individuals’ account reports, VAT reports, bad
- debtor reports, stock reports, to mention but a few.
- 6.1
- Conclusion
- 6.1
- Once you get to grips with this software, it would seem to make an
- admirable job of a complex task. The screen is well laid out and not
- unpleasant to work with. I would like to see it multi-task though so the
- machine could be used to greater potential. There is, however, work
- still going on at Minerva on this package. To emphasise this, the title
- bar is marked next to the version number, ‘Unfinished’. I would
- certainly recommend anyone thinking of computerising their office to
- have a good look at this package.
- 6.1
- Business Accounts modules cost £99.95 (inc VAT) each. All five modules
- can be bought for £399.95 (inc VAT). They are available through Archive
- for £90 and £350 respectively. A
- 6.1
- New Era Software 204 High Street, Woodville, Swadlincote, Derbyshire
- DE11 7DT. (0283−812818)
- 6.1
- Oak Solutions (p22) Suite 25,
- Robin Enterprise Centre, Leeds Road, Idle, Yorkshire BD10 9TE.
- (0274−620423) (0274−620419)
- 6.1
- Palette Studio 6c/6d Belgic Square, Peterborough PE1 5XF.
- (0733−344245) (0733−315424)
- 6.1
- PEP Associates 34 Tiverton Way, Cambridge CB1 3TU. (0223−212251)
- 6.1
- Pineapple Software 39 Brownlea
- Gardens, Seven Kings, Ilford, Essex IG3 9NL. (081−599−1476)
- (081−598−2343)
- 6.1
- P.R.E.S. Ltd P.O. Box 319, Lightwater, Surrey GU18 5PW. (0276−72046)
- (0276−51427)
- 6.1
- Ray Maidstone 421 Sprowston Road, Norwich NR3 4EH. (0603−400477)
- (0603−417447)
- 6.1
- Risc Developments Ltd 117 Hatfield
- Road, St Albans, Herts AL1 4JS. (0727−40303) (0727−860263)
- 6.1
- Safesell Exhibitions (p7) Market
- House, Cross Road, Tadworth, Surrey KT20 5SR.
- 6.1
- Silicon Vision Ltd Signal
- House, Lyon Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 2AG. (081−861−2173)
- (081−427−5169)
- 6.1
- SJ Research J1 The Paddocks, 347 Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1
- 4DH. (0223−416715)
- 6.1
- Soft Rock Software 124 Marissal
- Road, Henbury, Bristol BS10 7NP. (0272−761685)
- 6.1
- Spacetech (p8) 21 West Wools, Portland, Dorset DT5 2EA.
- (0305−822753) (0305−860483)
- 6.1
- System Insight Unit 2, Hertfordshire Business Centre, Alexander Road,
- London Colney, Herts AL2 1JG. (0727−827200)
- 6.1
- Topologika P.O. Box 39, Stilton, Peterborough PE7 3RL. (0733−244682)
- 6.1
- Xavier Educational Software Ltd Dept of
- Psychology, 37 College Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG. (0248−351151)
- (0248−364412)
-
- Volume 6 • Nº 2 • November 1992
- 6.2
- RISC-OS 3.1 is on the way!
- 6.2
- Sorry for the delay over RISC-OS 3.1 and thanks very much for bearing
- with us. Acorn say that the A5000 upgrades are coming through very
- slowly (so please continue to be patient) but that they are producing
- about 2,000 sets a week of the full upgrade. On 26th October, the M.D.
- said they had outstanding orders for only 6,000 so if my calculations
- are correct, by 22nd November (allowing a few days for carriage)
- everyone who has an existing order with Norwich Computer Services,
- should have received it. (Please read the next paragraph very
- carefully.)
- 6.2
- If you haven’t got yours by 22nd November please ring us OUTSIDE OFFICE
- HOURS. There will be a message on the ansaphone saying whether or not
- Acorn have reached the target. If they have then ring us during office
- hours to find out why your copy has not turned up. If they have not got
- there, PLEASE don’t ring us, ring them! Thank you.
- 6.2
- Products Available
- 6.2
- • 10 out of 10 English − Another of Triple R’s educational packages is
- now ready. This package consists of six games said to cover ‘ten
- essential areas of English and aims to reinforce the traditional values
- of the language’. Children’s progress is monitored automatically, so you
- can see how they are getting on! The price is £25.95 from Fourth
- Dimension or £24 through Archive.
- 6.2
- • 486 card − Aleph One have released a 486 card for the Archimedes at
- the same price as the old 386, £495 +VAT (£545 through Archive). The
- price of the 386 card has dropped to £395 (£440 through Archive). The
- memory upgrade to 4M is £110 through Archive as is the numeric coproces
- sor. There is now some special Windows driver software for £25 +VAT (£28
- through Archive). This uses the Archimedes CPU as a graphics co-
- processor for the PC, accelerating Windows displays ‘by up to 20 times’.
- The driver software is free to all existing owners − contact Aleph One.
- 6.2
- • A4 Trackerball − The trackerball for the A4 Notebook that PEP
- Associates are producing was mentioned last month but we now have some
- pricing information. If you already own a Trackman Portable, you can buy
- the cables to connect it to the A4 and the necessary software from PEP
- for £19 + VAT. If you want the trackerball as well as the software and
- cables, it will cost you £45 + VAT and for the full pack, which includes
- carrying case plus a whole load of connectors and adaptors for use with
- other PCs, it will cost you £95 + VAT.
- 6.2
- • Acorn Assist is the title of Acorn’s latest scheme to help teachers,
- lecturers, educational support staff and those in full-time further
- education. Anyone in that category can buy:
- 6.2
- A3020 (2M FD) + AKF40 monitor £780
- 6.2
- A3020 (2M FD) + AKF18 monitor £830
- 6.2
- A4000 Home Office (2M HD80) + AKF40 £1049
- 6.2
- A4000 Home Office (2M HD80) + AKF18 £1099
- 6.2
- A5000 L’ng Curve (2M HD80) + AKF18 £1499
- 6.2
- A4 Notebook (4M HD60) £1799
- 6.2
- JP150 printer (until 31/12/92) £210
- 6.2
- (All prices include VAT.)
- 6.2
- If you would like any of these, ring us and we will send you an
- application form. Get your school/college/etc to stamp it and send it in
- with a cheque for the required amount and we will put you in the queue
- and supply a computer as soon as possible.
- 6.2
- (We have A5000s in stock but all the other computers are still in very
- short supply, so if you want one, I suggest you get a cheque into us as
- soon as possible.)
- 6.2
- • Ancient Greece − Chalksoft have produced a package designed to help
- with National Curriculum in History − CSU5 for Key Stage 2. With it, you
- can ‘visit’ seven important times/locations and learn about life in
- Ancient Greece. The cost is £25 + VAT from Chalksoft.
- 6.2
- • ArcFS2 − Software42 have produced an update to the compression filing
- system ArcFS. The price is £20 with no VAT because Software42 are not
- VAT registered.
- 6.2
- • ArcTrack is a RISC-OS compliant satellite tracking program. Features
- include simple updating of keplers (with elements from the packet
- network), multiple satellites and multiple footprints, constant display
- of satellites in range and time of next AOS or LOS. ArcTrack is
- available for £20 inc VAT from Amsat-UK.
- 6.2
- • BibleMaster − At last, Hodder and Stoughton have released their (PC
- Emulator version) BibleMaster program in two versions: The New Interna
- tional Version is £35 (£32 through Archive) and the version with both
- Good News and NIV is £60 (£55 through Archive).
- 6.2
- • CADet is Minerva Software’s new CAD program. It includes a multitask
- ing plotter driver and has ‘many features not normally found in a CAD
- package at this price, including on-the-fly snaps for ease of accurate
- drawing’. The price is £149 + VAT from Minerva or £160 through Archive.
- 6.2
- • Canon BJC800 colour printer price drop. These amazing new A3 colour
- printers, reviewed last month (p45) have dropped in price from £2,100 to
- £1,800 − still a lot of money, but you get a lot of printer!
- 6.2
- • ColourCard is Computer Concepts’ graphics accelerator card. It
- provides higher resolution graphics with less flicker (i.e. higher
- refresh rates) than an unaided Archimedes and, by using a secondary
- video frame-store, uses less processor time for the display leaving more
- processor power for the Archimedes to use on, say, improving the redraw
- speed of your art package. In 16 and 256 colour screen modes, all the
- colours are selectable from 16 million hues so that, for example,
- scanned images can be seen on screen in 256 true grey levels. The card
- costs £249 (+£6 carriage) + VAT from Wild Vision or Computer Concepts or
- £280 inclusive through Archive.
- 6.2
- • DBEdit is 4Mation’s new multitasking desktop Basic editor − which also
- edits Obey, Command and Text files. The program is written in machine
- code for speed. It operates on Basic programs in tokenised form, making
- it possible to edit programs of more than 500 Kb on a 1 Mb machine. The
- price is £30 + VAT from 4Mation or £33 through Archive.
- 6.2
- • DTP and Programmers’ Utilities is a disc of utilities for DTP and
- programming(!) from Software42. The price is £15 with no VAT because
- Software42 are not VAT registered.
- 6.2
- • Engineering software − Richard Fallas & Associates have produced a
- range of software for (civil) engineering applications. Storm provides a
- modified rational method of stormwater analysis. Highway offers
- horizontal alignment design of roads, straights, arcs and transition
- spirals plus hierarchical networks of spurs. Vertcur is concerned with
- the vertical alignment design of roads. Plotwise provides control of
- plotfile output to allow pausing, tracing, partial re-plots, etc. Other
- programs and PipeDream spreadsheets are also available. For full
- details, ring or fax Richard Fallas on 0296−770555. (These applications
- complement the programs for structural analysis of 2D frames and grids
- from Vision Six.)
- 6.2
- • Enigma is a compression filing system with security facilities from
- Electronic Solutions. The cost is £59.95 + VAT.
- 6.2
- • Eureka − Longman Logotron’s spreadsheet application is due to emerge
- from its long gestation period at the end of October, so it should be a
- ‘product available’ by the time you get this magazine. Features include
- over 150 built-in functions, graphs and charts on-screen styles with box
- shading and colours, multiple sheets with file linking, user defined
- functions and function macros plus import and export facilities in a
- wide range of formats. The price is £119 + VAT or £130 through Archive.
- Site licences are also available.
- 6.2
- (It sounds as if we shall have to have a Eureka-Line to complement
- PipeLine. If anyone can think of a better name and/or is prepared to
- have a go at editing the column, please let me know. Ed.)
- 6.2
- • Food for Thought is a four disc set of clipart with a food-related
- theme. It comes complete with full documentation about using Draw −
- indeed, one of the discs contains a tutorial. The price is £16.95 + VAT
- from Sherston Software.
- 6.2
- • Helix Basic is back − PDK Technologies have taken over Helix Basic
- from Craddock Computing and it is available again now for £99.95 inc VAT
- or £92 through Archive.
- 6.2
- • Help3 consists of a tutorial manual, a disc and a quick reference
- card. The aim of the package is to introduce people to using the
- Archimedes computers in general and RISC-OS 3 in particular. The price
- is £9.95 (no VAT) from Sherston Software.
- 6.2
- • Joysticks and utilities are available from Electronic Solutions. If
- you want to use different types of joysticks with the Archimedes then
- contact them for full details.
- 6.2
- • LandBuild is a 3D fractal landscape program from Software42. The price
- is £15 with no VAT because Software42 are not VAT registered.
- 6.2
- • Mac CD-ROM drives − As with the Syquest drives and, more recently,
- fixed SCSI hard drives, we have gone to Apple Mac suppliers for CD-ROMs.
- The ones we have found are relatively speedy Chinon drives at £480 inc
- VAT. These can be run on Morley or Acorn SCSI cards by using CDFS/FSCSI
- (£22 through Archive) or on Oak SCSI cards by buying their new ROMs. The
- good news is that these drives come with four free CD-ROMs − the bad
- news is that they are in Mac format so, unless someone has some suitable
- software, you cannot actually use them!
- 6.2
- • Memory upgrades for A3010/20/4000 − We now have stocks of all the
- memory upgrades for the new computers. A3010 1−2Mb is £50, A3010 1−4Mb
- is £175, A3020 2−4Mb is £100 and A4000 2−4Mb is also £100.
- 6.2
- • MicroDrive Designer − CIS’s MicroDrive now has a course designer.
- (You’d be amazed how many people think MicroDrive is a car racing game!)
- You can create your own courses from scratch or edit existing golf
- courses. The price is £39.95 from CIS or £37 through Archive. (I have a
- review which I hope to fit in next month − I just couldn’t fit it in
- this time.)
- 6.2
- • PipeDream Books − Two books to help you with PipeDream are now
- available from Colton Software. The first is Getting Started with
- PipeDream 4 (for spreadsheets and charts). This costs £3.95 from Colton.
- The second book which includes a disc is a Teacher’s Introduction to
- Spreadsheets using PipeDream 4. This is £5.95 inc VAT from Colton
- Software.
- 6.2
- • Revelation imagePro is Longman Logotron’s name for their successor to
- Revelation2. New features include: load drawfiles onto page, colour-
- shift enhanced, marks and tools menus amalgamated, new grey-shift
- dialogue, improved image processing and various other improvements based
- on user feedback. The price is £139 + VAT or £150 through Archive. Site
- licences are also available.
- 6.2
- • RISC-OS 3.1 − The supply of RISC-OS 3.1, even after two months, is
- still VERY poor, particulary the A5000 version. This is presumably
- because Acorn think it more important to concentrate on those who are
- still using RISC-OS 2. At the Acorn User Show, I (and quite a few
- Archive subscribers!) made some strong comments to Acorn about the way
- they were favouring those dealers who buy directly from them over those
- who, like N.C.S. have to buy through a distributor. I don’t know if it
- has done any good, but in the last week or so, the supply has improved
- slightly, so most of you should, I hope, have your RISC-OS 3.1s before
- Christmas. (STOP PRESS: See inside front cover for latest situation.)
- 6.2
- • Shareware and Careware prices down − We have decided to drop the price
- of Shareware and Careware discs and also the monthly program discs.
- Because of the large amount of money raised for charity by the Careware
- discs (around £10,000 per year) we are only dropping the price from £6
- to £5 but the Shareware and monthly program discs are dropping to £2
- each. This is done on the basis that, generally, people buy two or more
- discs at a time. So, although selling one disc at £2 hardly covers
- costs, selling two or more at a time is more viable. We decided it was
- too complicated to have different prices for one-off purchases, so it
- will be a straight £2 per disc from now on.
- 6.2
- (Those who have purchased monthly program discs in advance will be
- granted one extra disc for every two they have outstanding, excluding
- this month’s disc. So, for example, if you are booked up for all of
- volume 6, There is no need to do anything about this − it will happen
- automatically and you will be informed when your last disc is being sent
- out to you.)
- 6.2
- • SmArt files − Two more SmArt files are available from 4Mation for use
- with their SmArt Filer software. They are Fiddles and Drums − which is
- exactly what it says − and Fantasy which has dragons, wizards, trolls,
- etc. Each pack is £16 + VAT from 4Mation or £18 through Archive.
- 6.2
- • Spell no longer ‘Micro’ − David Pilling’s spelling checker, now
- version 3, has changed its name from MicroSpell to just Spell. The price
- is still £6 through Archive. For a comparative review, see page 19.
- 6.2
- • TableMate is a table-making utility which takes data in CSV, SID or
- its own data format and allows you to lay it out neatly. It is particu
- larly useful with Impression Junior which doesn’t have its own table
- facilities. The price is £21 (no VAT) from Dalriada Data Technology.
- 6.2
- • Tasker allows you to convert any non-WIMP application so that it
- multitasks on the Archimedes. The cost is £34.95 + VAT from Electronic
- Solutions.
- 6.2
- • VGA monitor utilities are available from Electronic Solutions for
- £9.95 + VAT. These utilities are designed to allow you to get the most
- out of your VGA monitor and maximise compatibility with applications and
- games which usually only accept standard monitors and multisyncs.
- 6.2
- • WindowEd is a multi-document template editor for RISC-OS. Features
- include: up to eight template files in memory at once; windows, icons
- and sprites can be grabbed from other applications; ‘toolbox’ allows you
- to move, scroll and resize windows that do not have the necessary
- gadgets; timed auto-save; full support for Interface module for 3D
- effects. The application comes with utilities: Hotspot to magnify area
- around the mouse pointer; wastebin; Mouselock which locks the mouse to X
- or Y axes; Command which allows *commands to be executed from within the
- desktop. The whole package, including documentation, is available from
- Armen Software for £35 including VAT and carriage or £32 through
- Archive.
- 6.2
- Review software received...
- 6.2
- We have received review copies of the following: Ancient Greece, CADet,
- Chaos (game), CSVtoText, Desktop Office II, Easiword II, Food for
- Thought, Getting Started with PipeDream4, Help3, Imagery, Landmarks
- Columbus, Landmarks Aztecs, Polyominoes, Precision, Punctuate, Revela
- tion imagePro, Soapbox, Teacher’s Introduction to Spreadsheets using
- PipeDream 4, The Puddle and the Wardrobe, ThinkLink, Tiles, TV Fun &
- Games, Whale Facts, Yes Chancellor II. A
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- Norwich Computer Services 96a Vauxhall Street, Norwich, NR2 2SD.
- 0603−766592 (−764011)
- 6.2
- 4th Dimension P.O. Box 4444, Sheffield. (0742−700661) (0742−781091)
- 6.2
- 4Mation 11 Castle Park Road, Whiddon Valley, Barnstaple, Devon EX32
- 8PA. (0271−25353) (0271−22974)
- 6.2
- Abacus Training 29 Okus Grove, Upper Stratton, Swindon, Wilts SN2
- 6QA.
- 6.2
- Ace Computing 27 Victoria Road, Cambridge CB4 3BW. (0223−322559)
- (0223−69180)
- 6.2
- Acorn Computers Ltd Fulbourn
- Road, Cherry Hinton, Cambridge CB1 4JN. (0223−254254) (0223−254270)
- 6.2
- Aleph One Ltd The Old Courthouse, Bottisham, Cambridge CB5 9BA.
- (0223−811679) (0223−812713)
- 6.2
- Amsat-UK 94 Herongate Road, Wanstead Park, London E12 5EQ.
- (081−989−6741)
- 6.2
- ARMen Software Laxton House, Milton Road, Oundle, Peterborough PE8
- 4AQ. (0832−273444) (0832−273259)
- 6.2
- Atomwide Ltd 23 The Greenway, Orpington, Kent BR5 2AY. (0689−838852)
- (0689−896088)
- 6.2
- Cambridge International Software Unit 2a, 436
- Essex Road, London N1 3QP. (071−226−3340) (071−226−3408)
- 6.2
- Chalksoft P.O. Box 49, Spalding, Lincs PE11 1NZ. (0775−769518)
- 6.2
- Coin-Age Ltd 23 Cooper Street, Nelson, Lancashire BB9 7XW.
- 6.2
- Colton Software (p22) 2 Signet
- Court, Swanns Road, Cambridge CB5 8LA. (0223−311881) (0223−312010)
- 6.2
- Computer Concepts (p40/41) Gaddesden
- Place, Hemel Hempstead, Herts HP2 6EX. (0442−63933) (0442−231632)
- 6.2
- Dabs Press 22 Warwick Street, Prestwich, Manchester M25 7HN.
- (061−773−8632) (061−773−8290)
- 6.2
- Dalriada Data Technology 145 Albion
- Street, Kenilworth, Warkwickshire CV8 2FY. (0926−53901)
- 6.2
- David Pilling P.O.Box 22, Thornton Cleveleys, Blackpool, FY5 1LR.
- 6.2
- Design Concept 30 South Oswald Road, Edinburgh EH9 2HG.
- (031−668−2000)
- 6.2
- Electronic Solutions Ceralyn,
- Maindy Croft, Ton-Pentra, Mid Glamorgan. (0443−430355)
- 6.2
- Fisher-Marriott Software 3 Grove
- Road, Ansty, Warwickshire CV7 9JD. (0203−616325 / 366748)
- 6.2
- HCCS Ltd 575−583 Durham Road, Gateshead NE9 5JJ. (091−487−0760)
- (091−491−0431)
- 6.2
- i³ Unit J1, The Paddock, 347 Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 4DH.
- (0223−413717) (0223−413847)
- 6.2
- ICS (p32) 1 Kington Road, West Kirby, Wirral L48 5ET. (051−625−1006)
- (051−625−1007)
- 6.2
- Icon Technology 9 Jarrom Street, Leicester LE2 7DH. (0533−546225)
- 6.2
- Longman-Logotron 124 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4
- 4ZS. (0223−425558) (0223−425349)
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- Computer Concepts
- 6.2
- From 5.12 page 32
- 6.2
- Computer Concepts
- 6.2
- From 5.12 page 33
- 6.2
- Paul B.
- 6.2
- Beebug / Risc Developments
- 6.2
- New /1
- 6.2
- Hints and Tips
- 6.2
- • 3D icons for RISC-OS 3.1 − Here are some tips for those of you who
- upgraded from RISC-OS 3.00 to RISC-OS 3.10 (and for anyone else who is
- interested in a fancy desktop).
- 6.2
- If you have used the fancy 3D-like window borders on your A5000, you
- will probably have noticed that, with RISC-OS 3.1, the borders will not
- install properly. This is because RISC-OS 3.0 programs used the
- ‘IconSprites’ command to install the wimp’s tool sprites (i.e. borders),
- while in RISC-OS 3.1 there is a new command to install user defined
- window tools:
- 6.2
- *ToolSprites <spritefile>
- 6.2
- This is, I think, because the border sprites are now held in a separate
- sprite area for faster redrawing. So, the only thing you have to do is
- to change the command ‘IconSprites’ into ‘ToolSprites’ at the appropri
- ate places in your files. Note that you can also re-install the default
- window tools by entering ‘ToolSprites’ on the command line.
- 6.2
- The small utility I use to install enhanced icons (a modified version of
- !SetIcons), shows another minor modification of RISC-OS 3.1. It is now
- assumed that some icons have the same dimension. For example, some
- border elements are painted from two sets of sprites − one that is
- normally used and one that is used when you select this particular
- border element. If corresponding sprites within these sets are different
- in size, you will see that some parts of the elements are not painted
- when you select them. To overcome this problem, you can adjust the sizes
- with !Paint.
- 6.2
- For those programmers who liked the Impression-style dialogue boxes,
- there exists a module called ‘Interface’. This module takes care of most
- of the code to generate fancy icon borders. RISC-OS 3.0 has some in-
- built extras to achieve the same thing without the need to insert extra
- lines of code into your program. (The programmer only has to define some
- validation strings which contain the information to generate the desired
- effect.) However, because the validation string command syntax was
- essentially the same as the syntax used by the Interface module, there
- were sometimes problems when using the Interface module with RISC-OS
- 3.0.
- 6.2
- After I installed the new RISC-OS 3.1 ROMs, I was surprised to see that
- my own (RISC-OS 3.0!) programs didn’t have fancy borders any more. After
- some experimenting with the validation strings, I discovered that the
- command syntax is now different from the syntax used by the Interface
- module. To be more specific, RISC-OS 3.1 makes use of ‘r<int><colour>’
- (where <int> is a number between 0 and 8 and <colour> is a WIMP colour
- number), instead of ‘b<int>, ...’. This modification probably has been
- made to overcome the incompatibility problems with the Interface module.
- The simplicity with which you can use this prompts a question: Why don’t
- the ROM based applications like Draw use this facility? I guess this is
- just another ‘Acorn-mystery’. Paul Groot, Holland.
- 6.2
- • Editing paper sizes in RISC-OS 3 − If attempts are made to edit the
- paper sizes contained within the standard RISC-OS 3 printer driver
- files, it will be found that any changes made to the Text Margins
- section will revert to 0 when the window is closed, even if Save
- Settings is selected. This is due to a bug, but can be rectified by
- editing the paper files directly.
- 6.2
- Editing any of the paper sizes results in a new file called PaperRW
- being generated in the Printers application directory. This file can be
- modified using Edit. Make sure that the Printers application is not
- running (i.e. Choose Quit from the iconbar menu if it is). Find the
- !Printers application (normally in the App1 directory) and open it using
- Shift-double-click. Open the file called PaperRW by Shift-double-
- clicking on it. Scroll down the file until you find the name of the
- paper setting which you defined or modified. It will look something like
- ’pn: Fanfold A4’. At the bottom of the set of numbers relevant to this
- paper setting are five values (called tb, tt, tl, tr, th) which
- correspond to the text bottom, top, left and right margins and the
- height (in lines) respectively. Alter the values from 0 to your required
- numbers and save the file. When you re-run the Printers application,
- your paper sizes will be rectified. Simon Moy, N.C.S.
- 6.2
- • How NOT to treat your SCSI hard disk − A few weeks ago I found a new
- way to get rid of all those files that clogged my external hard disk(!)
- 6.2
- Every verify I did showed up one questionable sector, so I decided to
- map it out as defective. The *Defect command applies only to ADFS, so I
- browsed through the SCSI disk’s manual and, finally, found what I was
- looking for (or so I thought).
- 6.2
- Morley supply their hard disks with a formatter application which,
- amongst other things, can add defects to a list. There is a warning that
- a low level format would result in total loss of data but, later in the
- description, an option was mentioned to decide whether or not to do the
- low level format while running the application.
- 6.2
- This led me to believe that clicking on ‘No’ would keep my data intact −
- alas, I was wrong!
- 6.2
- The Morley hotline informed me that I had in fact done a high level
- format which wipes out the information about the addresses for each
- file. As the passage in the manual could be misunderstood, they very
- kindly offered to restore my data for me free of charge (just p&p).
- (Great service!!)
- 6.2
- However, it was not to be: I forgot to inform them that I use Computer
- Concepts’ Compression on most of my files and this, I was told later,
- encodes the files in such a way that retrieval becomes virtually
- impossible.
- 6.2
- I learned two things from my self-made disaster:
- 6.2
- 1) Even the excellent Compression is not proof against all kinds of
- fools.
- 6.2
- 2) 800 Kb floppy disks are just not good enough as a backup medium! I
- shudder at the thought that I will have to feed 112 floppies into my
- machine, once the hard disk returns from England.
- 6.2
- As a consequence, for future backups I have ordered a 20Mb floptical
- drive from Morley, to be sent as soon as it is able to read and write
- Acorn floppy formats. Jochen Konietzko, Köln, Germany.
- 6.2
- • Humour in RISC-OS 3.1! − You will be pleased to hear that humour still
- exists within Acorn. If you load ‘Resources:$.Resources.
- Switcher.Templates’ into the template editor, FormEd, you get an
- interesting message. Knut Folmo, Norway
- 6.2
- • Loading multiple Impression documents − If you want to load a number
- of Impression files at once, just select them (with rubber band dragging
- on RISC-OS 3, if you like) and drag them down onto the Impression icon
- on the iconbar.
- 6.2
- • Memory size from Basic − In Basic, there is no specific way to find
- out how much physical memory is fitted to the host machine. However, it
- can be calculated using a SWI call as in this example:
- 6.2
- 10 SYS “OS_ReadMemMapInfo” TO PageSize%, NumOfPages%
- 6.2
- 20 TotalMemory% = PageSize% * NumOfPages%
- 6.2
- 30 REM This value is in bytes
- 6.2
- 40 Total% = TotalMemory% / 2^20
- 6.2
- 50 REM This value is in Mbytes
- 6.2
- Simon Moy, N.C.S.
- 6.2
- • More RISC-OS 3.1 Alt Characters The current A5000 Welcome Guide
- mentions some additional Alt-key characters. These alt-keys don’t
- actually produce a character themselves, they just set up an accent, so
- that the following character is changed into an accented character. This
- only happens if the accent is suitable for the following character.
- 6.2
- For example to type an ‘e’ with an acute accent (é): Whilst holding down
- the Alt key, press and release <[>. Release <alt> and the press and
- release <E>. Thus:-
- 6.2
- Alt-[ E é
- 6.2
- Alt-] E è
- 6.2
- Alt-; E ë
- 6.2
- Alt-’ E ê
- 6.2
- Alt-, N ñ
- 6.2
- Alt-. A å
- 6.2
- Alt-/ C ç
- 6.2
- The only other Alt-key character missing from the previous list is Alt-
- hyphen which gives character 173, which, in the Acorn fonts, looks
- exactly like a normal hyphen, but is often different in fonts from other
- suppliers. Simon Moy, N.C.S.
- 6.2
- • MS-DOS 5, PC Emulators and the Archimedes keyboard − (This excerpt
- from a reply to an Archive reader’s letter may prove useful to others.)
- The cursor keys do not work correctly with the PC emulators due to a
- bug. They will not work properly with either QBasic or DOS Edit. They
- can be used to move around the text but, to select text, you must use
- the cursor and editing keys which are mapped on the numeric keypad (as
- on a normal PC AT-style keyboard). Therefore, when inside the editors,
- make sure that NumLock is off and use <shift> and the following keys (on
- the numeric keypad):
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- AMOUSE.COM is fully compatible with MS-DOS 5. However, as with all PCs,
- you cannot display the mouse pointer at the DOS prompt. Also, not all PC
- programs support the mouse. However, if the AMOUSE command is present in
- your AUTOEXEC.BAT file and the program you want to use accepts a mouse
- (e.g. QBasic, EDIT and DOSSHELL), you must start the appropriate
- application first and then select Connect Mouse (by pressing <menu> over
- the PC emulator window) if you are running the emulator from a window in
- the RISC-OS desktop. If you are using the emulator under Single Task
- mode, the mouse should automatically connect itself. (If the mouse does
- not connect itself automatically when running the emulator under Single
- Task mode, then this is a further bug in the PC emulator.) Typing AMOUSE
- at the DOS prompt or selecting Connect Mouse from the window’s menu will
- not display the DOS mouse pointer, as DOS itself does not support a
- mouse. If you do this, the RISC-OS pointer will disappear (because
- control has passed to DOS) and you must press <menu> on the mouse to
- relinquish control from the emulator back to RISC-OS. Simon Moy, N.C.S.
- 6.2
- • Pound sign problems − The pound sign has always been a difficult
- character to print and display on the screen. To make the pound sign
- appear in the PC Emulator, press and hold <alt> and type 156 on the
- numeric keypad. When you release <alt>, the pound sign will appear.
- 6.2
- If you are printing a file as text (i.e. from Edit or PipeDream for
- instance) then the pound sign will print as a hash (#). You can reverse
- this by using a hash symbol in your text in place of the pound sign,
- although it is important that your printer is set up with a UK character
- set − see the DIP switch settings for your specific printer. If you are
- printing a file produced using bitmaps (e.g. Impression) then the pound
- sign will print correctly anyway. Basically, any program which defaults
- to printing on the screen using the system font will print characters as
- plain text − there is a section on plain and fancy text in the RISC-OS
- User Guide.
- 6.2
- By the way, does anybody know why you can’t access the pound sign
- (either from the keyboard or <alt-156>) in a Task Window under RISC-OS
- 3.0? Simon Moy, N.C.S.
- 6.2
- • RISC-OS 3.1: A310 − There is a problem when fitting RISC-OS 3.1 to
- A310 machines fitted with the Arcram 434 ARM3 + 4Mb upgrade from Watford
- Electronics. It causes the machine to hang on power-up. Replacement PAL
- chips and more information are available from Watford Electronics on
- 0923−37774 (Fax: 33642). Simon Moy, N.C.S.
- 6.2
- • RISC-OS 3.1: SCSI drives − There may be problems accessing the SCSI
- drive using the HCCS Hard Card interface with RISC-OS 3.1. Contact HCCS
- for details. Simon Moy, N.C.S.
- 6.2
- • Rotated fonts and sprites using Laser Direct − With the advent of
- RISC-OS 3.1, there are problems with printing rotated text and graphics
- using the currently existing RISC-OS 2 printer drivers such as that
- supplied with Laser Direct. To overcome the problem, transform the text
- or sprite to any angle in Draw, make sure that the item is selected and
- choose the Convert to Path option from the Select submenu. This will
- allow rotated text or sprites to be printed correctly using the RISC-OS
- 2 printer driver supplied with Laser Direct. This does not mean that it
- will work with all RISC-OS 2 printer drivers − you will have to
- experiment! Steve Costin, Ramsgate.
- 6.2
- • TV interference − In response to Chris Bass’ enquiry in Archive 6.1
- p36, here is a general procedure which covers almost all cases:
- 6.2
- 1. Does the computer interfere with your own TV, when it is as close/
- closer to your computer than your neighbour’s TV is? (On either side of
- a party wall they could be less than 1 m apart!)
- 6.2
- If YES, go to 2. If NO, go to 3.
- 6.2
- 2. Does the interference disappear when the computer is 3 m or more from
- the TV?
- 6.2
- If YES, agree with your neighbour to move your computer and his TV so
- that they are more than 3 m apart. If moving them apart is inconvenient,
- you could try sticking cooking foil on to the party wall (under the wall
- covering, eventually). You need a minimum of about 2 m by 2 m, and there
- is usually no point in earthing it, but you could try the effect.
- 6.2
- In some types of building, your computer might be too close to your
- neighbour’s TV aerial, in which case moving them apart is the best bet.
- 6.2
- If NO, the computer may be faulty. Many dealers may not be able to cope
- with this type of fault, so you, or your dealer, should contact Acorn
- with a FULL description of the problem.
- 6.2
- 3. If NO to question 1, your neighbour’s TV has either an inadequate
- aerial or inadequate ‘immunity’. (This is a technical term describing
- ‘resistance to electromagnetic disturbances’.) An inadequate aerial
- usually also gives ‘fuzzy’ pictures and/or ghosts (outlines of images
- displaced sideways). The aerial itself may be OK; the fault may be in
- the downlead. They tend to fill up with water and deteriorate after a
- time. A new aerial (and downlead) is quite inexpensive, even a large
- one. If the aerial is not the problem, the manufacturer of the receiver
- should be contacted, either directly or through the TV dealer or rental
- company, regarding the probable lack of immunity of the TV. Manufac
- turers (of TVs and computers) are quite concerned about this at present,
- because of an EC Directive on the subject.
- 6.2
- 4. If all else fails, the DTI Radio Investigation Service will look at
- the problem and give advice but there is a fee of about £21 involved.
- The Service has much information and experience of such problems and
- their cures, including private information about know immunity problems.
- For Lincolnshire, the address is (or was) PO Box 2500, Nottingham NG8
- 3SS. The head office is at Waterloo Bridge House, Waterloo Road, London
- SE1 8UA. A book, ‘How to improve Television and Radio Reception’ is/was
- available from the Service, and gives a good deal of information on
- interference problems (some of it technical). John Woodgate, Rayleigh,
- Essex. A
- 6.2
- Beebug / Risc Developments
- 6.2
- New /2
- 6.2
- Minerva
- 6.2
- From 5.12 page 6
- 6.2
- Comment Column
- 6.2
- • Archive subscription list growing − I am pleased to report that,
- during the last six months, we have had 12% new subscribers and have
- welcomed back a large number of subscribers who had let their subscrip
- tions lapse some time earlier.
- 6.2
- As you will see, for the second month running, we have had to produce an
- 80 page edition of Archive to fit in all the material we are being sent.
- This is increasing the production and distribution costs so the pressure
- to increase the subscription price of Archive is growing. I know that
- ‘comparisons are odious’ but it may be worth doing a comparison with
- Risc User as they are our direct rivals. Compared with Archive’s £17,
- the Risc User subscription is £19.90 (but only £18.40 to renew for a
- further year) but that is for the new larger size, colour format. Here
- are some figures for comparison of the two Volume 6, issue 1’s which may
- be of interest.
- 6.2
- Archive Risc User
- 6.2
- Pages (inc covers) 84 72
- (inc 24 in colour)
- 6.2
- Issues/year 12 10
- 6.2
- Adverts 9¼ 19½ (inc 10 for Beebug)
- 6.2
- Text + pictures 71 51½
- 6.2
- Ave words/page 700 630 (660
- last month)
- 6.2
- If we continued at this rate for a full year, that would put Archive at
- 590,000 words and Risc User at 320,000. Even at 68 pages, instead of 84,
- Archive would still produce about 460,000 words per year − perhaps I
- will increase the subscription rates after all!
- 6.2
- Actually, each of those is likely to be an over-estimate of how many
- words you get per year because it is based on the number of words in a
- complete page of text and doesn’t take account of the space taken up by
- pictures and diagrams. Having checked Archive 6.1, I find the Impression
- tells me it has a total of 48,012 words in it which, multiplied by 12
- issues would put it at something like 576,000, so I wasn’t that far out.
- 6.2
- Anyway, do you think I should increase the Archive subscription to, say,
- £19? Ed.
- 6.2
- • Charity Bring & Buy − Many thanks to all those who brought or sent
- hardware and software to sell in aid of the African famine appeal at the
- Acorn User Show. As a result, we will be sending £1,800 to aid famine
- relief. Well done, everyone!
- 6.2
- • Upgrading your Archimedes − I was very pleased to read all the
- information about the new machines from Acorn. The range appears to be
- good, but I am sure that one point will dismay a number of A3000 users
- and the manufacturers of upgrades such as Hardcards. None of the new
- machines has an expansion port similar to that of the A3000.
- 6.2
- I can understand this with the new A3010 and A3020, but surely the A4000
- needs some expansion potential if it is to be the serious home user’s
- machine. It would make sense to have space for one full-sized card or
- podule in the A4000 − or at least an external port similar to that of
- the A3000. It may be possible to get round this deficiency via the
- bidirectional parallel port, otherwise it looks bad for those interested
- in using SCSI devices on anything less than an A5000. I know that there
- are Syquest drives available to run off the bidirectional parallel port
- on PC’s but are there any similar CD-ROM drives or Flopticals?
- 6.2
- Acorn may think that those wanting an expandable machine will go for an
- A5000 anyway but they are WRONG. Many people buy a machine that is
- adequate for their needs but then find that, over the years, they want
- to add a number of extra features to their computer without having to
- replace it with a new machine. The A3000 expansion port makes this
- possible to an extent and, with some of the add-ons available from Wild
- Vision and others, two or three expansion cards can be added to an
- A3000. The new machines appear to be far more limited in their potential
- for growth.
- 6.2
- There will be many A3000 users such as me who will be rather confused as
- to how best to upgrade and disappointed that there is no obvious upgrade
- path at less than the cost of an A5000. I have a multisync monitor and
- external SCSI hard disk (Oak WorraWinnie). If I could buy a 4Mb A5000
- without hard drive or monitor that would probably be my best bet,
- depending on the price, but Acorn insist on selling the complete
- package. (Try talking nicely to your local Acorn dealer or to N.C.S. −
- some dealers will do a deal! Ed.) If I could plug my SCSI interface onto
- the back of an A4000 or A3020 that would be a very attractive option,
- but this cannot be done.
- 6.2
- Should I stick with my A3000 and have Atomwide upgrade it to ARM3 and
- 4Mb? This is cost-effective compared to buying a new machine, and I
- could put the savings toward a Syquest, floptical or CD-ROM drive, or
- possibly a 386PC card, but there are disadvantages. No high density
- drive, no bidirectional parallel port, an old and modified machine that
- may be of doubtful reliability and an extra £50 for RISC-OS 3.1. Is an
- A3000 with an ARM3 significantly faster than the new ARM250 machines?
- (On pure calculations, yes, you would notice a difference, but on screen
- update there is nowhere near as much difference in speed. Ed) If it is a
- lot faster, this may be enough to settle the matter for me.
- 6.2
- We should make it clear to Acorn that they must make upgrading reason
- ably painless for established users, and I know from a number of my
- acquaintances who have been using Archimedes for several years, that
- there is a fair bit of disquiet. The core of this is Acorn’s policy of
- insisting on selling complete systems, i.e. computer plus monitor. (I
- agree entirely and have already made my representations to Acorn about
- this. Ed.)
- 6.2
- There are many established Archimedes users who want to buy a bare
- machine to which they can transfer their existing peripherals. Also, I
- question the sense of insisting on selling an excellent computer such as
- the A5000 with a fairly low quality monitor. (I have moaned at Acorn
- about that too! Ed.) Acorn’s badged multisync is OK for someone on a
- fairly tight budget, but it does not impress when compared with many of
- the excellent monitors in regular use in the business world. A demon
- stration of an A5000 with a badly set up monitor can be off-putting when
- compared with a Mac or PC, and a poor first impression can be hard to
- overcome. By all means make a low price multisync monitor available, but
- sell the computer and let the purchaser decide what type of display best
- meets his requirements and budget.
- 6.2
- An article about possible upgrade paths for users of the older Archi
- medes models would be of value to many Archive readers. Alan Angus,
- Blyth, Northumberland.
- 6.2
- (Would anyone like to have a go at writing such an article? We can
- supply any technical information you need. Ed.) A
- 6.2
- Pallette Studio
- 6.2
- New artwork
- 6.2
- Spacetech
- 6.2
- From 6.1 page 8
- 6.2
- Fonts Workshop − Part 3 − Font Directories
- 6.2
- Roger Spooner
- 6.2
- Your fonts, as explained in previous articles, are stored in Font
- Directories. The main one is probably called !Fonts. There may or may
- not be others − and you may or may not want others.
- 6.2
- If you store fonts in several directories, it means you do not always
- have access to all of them. This has the advantage that programs work
- faster, some will work rather than crash and you will be able to find
- the one you want more quickly. On the other hand, it prevents you from
- gaining free access to them − why should that happen if it’s not
- essential?
- 6.2
- The Font Path
- 6.2
- The Archimedes Outline Font Manager module, supplied with the Learning
- Curve, all DTP programs and on the cover of the October 1991 BBC Acorn
- User Magazine, is the program which makes our fonts what they are.
- 6.2
- The Font Manager uses a system variable, Font$Path, to indicate where it
- can find your fonts. Whenever a program asks for a list of the fonts, it
- looks in the directory given. Acorn, with the release of Acorn DTP in
- 1989, seemed to suggest that it was possible to have only one directory
- indicated in this variable but, as with all variables ending in $Path,
- it is in fact possible to have many. In early 1990, I wrote a small
- application, !MoreFonts, which allows you to add more font directories
- to the existing list. This was also a font directory itself, so it added
- the fonts it contained to the whole set, if they were not already
- present. It is supplied free with all font orders from Design Concept.
- 6.2
- Although !MoreFonts uses some complicated commands to make sure that it
- does not confuse the computer, it is possible to write your own using
- only a couple of lines of typing.
- 6.2
- Floppy discs
- 6.2
- Many users only have floppy disc drives (i.e. no hard disc). Although
- systems like this are quite useable, they do severely limit the number
- of fonts you can use easily. With all the public domain material
- available, plus home-grown italics, a font directory can easily consume
- a couple of megabytes − far more than you can fit on one disc. Thus it
- is often wise to put the fonts into groups according to the occasions on
- which you will use them: classic fonts for text, Bold fonts for posters,
- silly fonts for clip art design, etc. With these divisions, it is easier
- to find the ones you want all on the same disc.
- 6.2
- Hard discs
- 6.2
- On hard disc systems, several font directories can still be useful. As
- mentioned above, fewer fonts make it easier to find the one you want
- (from a shorter list) and some programs, including the distribution
- version of !Edit for RISC-OS 2, will crash completely if there are more
- than about 32 fonts. Thus it can be useful to keep only the best of the
- classic fonts (Trinity and Homerton) available for universal use, then
- supplement them with other groups when using other programs. The method
- for several directories is the same as for floppy discs, except that it
- is more important to have no two font directories with the same names.
- 6.2
- Reloading old files
- 6.2
- When you create a document, be it in Impression, Draw, or anything, you
- will only be allowed to use fonts which are currently available.
- However, when you re-load a file, you may have a different set of fonts
- installed from those you had when you created it. Thus the program may
- not be able to cope. Different programs respond in different ways.
- 6.2
- Draw will display text for any unknown fonts in the System Font,
- rescaled to the right size (although it looks very wide). No warnings
- will be issued unless the text is in a text area object.
- 6.2
- Impression will announce that some fonts are not available, then will
- use Trinity Medium instead. Note that Trinity should be available for
- this, and Impression will get angry if it’s not.
- 6.2
- In any case, you should be careful not to print any document unless you
- have all the required fonts available. It’s your responsibility.
- 6.2
- Antique ideas
- 6.2
- GST, who wrote Acorn DTP and the same program on other computers, have
- decided in their wisdom to break most of the rules. Thus they make
- special use of the old variable, Font$Prefix, which is no longer
- significant, and they have a configuration file for Acorn DTP which
- lists all of the fonts. If the fonts available do not match this list,
- an error is reported. The program does not crash, thankfully, but it
- does not correctly cope with the concept that it should accept whatever
- fonts it is offered.
- 6.2
- Moreover, if you allow someone else to load one of your DTP documents
- and they have set up their dtp_config file differently, you will see the
- wrong fonts in use. No other program, to my knowledge, has managed to
- cram in so many mistakes and design faults.
- 6.2
- If you want to have several font directories where they may or may not
- all be available, and you have to use ADTP, I recommend that you modify
- the dtp_config file to include all the fonts you own. Thus it will
- reduce that list to all those available when you run the program, rather
- than having several versions of the program, each set up for one
- combination of font discs, as some vendors recommend.
- 6.2
- Grouping the fonts
- 6.2
- There is little help available for deciding which fonts to put together.
- All I can suggest is that you base the decision on the times when you
- will be using them and thus the programs that you will be using them
- with. A master font selection would also be advisable, containing at
- least Trinity Medium which is the standard and, arguably, the best font
- available. Programs with anti-aliased fonts in the windows often use it
- and many default to it in the absence of the one they want (e.g. KeyCaps
- from Design Concept).
- 6.2
- Creating a directory
- 6.2
- To make a font directory, proceed as follows:
- 6.2
- ¬ Make sure you have enough space on the disc you are going to use −
- with hard discs, this should be no problem.
- 6.2
- Create a directory, with a pling (!) at the start and with a name
- which describes the fonts to be collected, e.g. !ClassicFn or
- !MoreFonts. Note that there is a limitation on the name length.
- 6.2
- ® Hold down <shift> and enter the directory. Do the same for the
- directory where the fonts are coming from, on whatever disc, and copy
- the sub-directories with names like Trinity and Ainslie across to the
- new directory. With floppy discs, you may want to use the RAM disc as an
- intermediate stage, to save disc swapping.
- 6.2
- ¯ Using Paint, design or copy a sprite (size 34×34 in mode 20 or 34×17
- in mode 12) as the icon for the directory. You could use screenshots to
- pick a sample letter from Draw. The name should be the same as the
- directory name, except for capitals. Save this in your directory as
- !Sprites.
- 6.2
- ° Using Edit, create an Obey file and type the following:
- 6.2
- IconSprites <Obey$Dir>.!Sprites
- 6.2
- RMensure FontManager 2.42 Error Please find !Fonts first.
- 6.2
- Set Font$Path <Font$Path>, <Obey$Dir>.
- 6.2
- Sound 1 383 150 5
- 6.2
- N.B. The Set line is all one line, right up to the dot. Be sure not to
- put any spaces after that dot. The RMensure line is also all one line up
- to the end of the first.
- 6.2
- ± Decide: If you want this directory to be activated whenever you open
- the disc window containing it, save that file from Edit as both !Boot
- and !Run in your directory.
- 6.2
- If you want it to be included only when you double click on the icon,
- save it as !Run only.
- 6.2
- The new font directory is now ready for use. Close all the windows, then
- open the one containing your new directory (eg. click on Drive 0 if
- using floppies). The computer should make a high bleep noise (a happy
- noise!) and there will be your icon above your directory. To see if they
- are indeed added, press <F12>, type FontCat and then press <return>. The
- computer should list all the fonts, including the ones in the new
- directory.
- 6.2
- Each time you double click on the icon, it will add itself to the font
- list. If it is already there, it will not cause any serious problems but
- may slow the machine down sometimes, so it is important not to overdo
- that.
- 6.2
- This system requires the computer to have seen the real !Fonts before
- continuing. This should be no problem. On a hard disc, put that in the
- root directory alongside !System. On floppies, you can either have the
- two on the same disc (make sure yours comes later alphabetically) or
- have !Fonts on the program disc. Seeing !Fonts makes the OS load the new
- Font Manager module.
- 6.2
- It is also important that you select all your font directories before
- loading the software, as most programs will only ask the OS what fonts
- are currently available when they start up.
- 6.2
- Conclusion
- 6.2
- With this arrangement you can have directories for each font foundry,
- each style, each program or whatever. Carefully placing them on a hard
- disc means that you can ignore them but (for example) the longer set
- will only be used if you are using Impression, not if you are just using
- Draw. Alternatively, keeping them all together means you can double
- click on all those you want before starting anything. A
- 6.2
- Spell Checkers – Some Comparisons
- 6.2
- John Jordan
- 6.2
- Practically all WP/DTP applications now have spell checking facilities
- but, just as the main programs themselves are different, so are their
- spell checkers. Because some checkers are more convenient to use than
- others, I thought it might be of general interest to compare a few from
- the point of view of the user. I’ve little idea how they ‘work’. Of
- course, there are several other doubtless excellent programs which
- incorporate checkers, but the ones listed are those which I personally
- have used.
- 6.2
- What’s a good spell checker?
- 6.2
- In my view a good checker should:
- 6.2
- 1. Accept ‘Top Bit Set’ characters, i.e. é, ü, ß, etc.
- 6.2
- 2. Have an editable Main dictionary.
- 6.2
- 3. Include checking of one and two letter words.
- 6.2
- 4. Be case sensitive.
- 6.2
- 5. Include ‘extra features’ if possible.
- 6.2
- These features could include (a) Checks for word word repetition. (b)
- Checks for two spaces and replacement with one if required. Search and
- Replace can be used, but I think a spell checker could conveniently do
- it too. (c) Support for foreign languages. Important if you need it! (d)
- Foresight Mode, i.e. it guesses the word you intend to type after only a
- few letters have been entered. (Spell has this.)
- 6.2
- How do they compare?
- 6.2
- The table below shows the main features of several spell checkers. Not
- all possible comparisons have been made and some may think the number of
- words in a main dictionary is important.
- 6.2
- Well, apart from doing an awful lot of counting, I don’t really have the
- facts. Also, I share the view that simply to include a large number of
- words in a dictionary is by no means a good thing. It’s easier to get a
- (wrong) word accepted because the ‘misspelling’ happens to be correct
- for another word.
- 6.2
- Because of this, Gerald Fitton tells me he’s now compiling his own
- dictionaries more or less as he goes along – from his own writings. Then
- all the words he commonly uses will gradually be included. With this
- approach, I should think an easily editable main dictionary would
- definitely be advantageous.
- 6.2
- If you want a bit of fun and can dump the contents of a dictionary as a
- text file, spell check one dictionary against another. You’ll see the
- amount of rubbish(?) is phenomenal.
- 6.2
- The checking of one and two letter words is mentioned and some may
- wonder if it’s possible to misspell these words. Yes, and mistype them
- too! One reason I like to be able to check these is because I’m very
- likely to type ‘i’ instead of ‘I’. Now, to catch that sort of error you
- need a checker with an editable main dictionary as well as the ability
- to deal with words of one letter e.g. Ovation or Spell.
- 6.2
- Please bear in mind that we don’t have to accept the suggestions from
- spell checkers. So don’t worry about postcodes or Roman numerals.
- 6.2
- There is a method of editing PipeDream’s main dictionary without the
- very lengthy dumping out of the whole lot. In brief, Gerald Fitton says
- you rename the main dictionary as a user dictionary and then edit that.
- Change it back to the main dictionary afterwards. Take the precaution of
- first saving the original, of course.
- 6.2
- AMFSpell
- 6.2
- Both AMFSpell and Spell are separate spell checkers which are not
- incorporated into any particular WP or DTP program.
- 6.2
- In use, AMFSpell is installed on the iconbar and a text file is checked
- for errors simply by dragging it on to the AMFSpell icon. Various
- preferences may be set and an individual word may also be checked via a
- menu click on the icon. With the reservations mentioned in the table,
- this utility works well and, at a cost of only £1.75 from APDL, it’s
- great value.
- 6.2
- Spell
- 6.2
- Like AMFSpell, Spell may be used to check a completed text file. In
- addition, it may also be used interactively with (I think) any WP/DTP
- program. It can thus function to a large extent as a substitute for
- native spell checkers. For example, it is possible to use it in
- conjunction with Impression’s own checker to give a near perfect
- combination. Programs which don’t have their own spell checker, e.g.
- DeskEdit, are obvious candidates for Spell.
- 6.2
- Generally, I like to use all checkers interactively and when using Spell
- this way, I prefer to have the Foresight Mode ON. Then, if a word is
- queried, corrections are easily made there and then as the ‘nearest’
- words appear in the Foresight window. This might be important to some
- users because, although Spell may be used interactively, it can’t
- correct a file in quite the same way as a native checker. Just as with
- AMFSpell, you need to save a separate, corrected text file. However,
- Spell appears to be ‘fully RISC-OS’ and allows in-memory transfers, so
- there’s no problem.
- 6.2
- In additional, the checker in Spell is apparently very similar to the
- one in Ovation and both can conveniently share the same dictionary.
- 6.2
- To summarise, Spell is a program with several useful features not found
- in even some top WP/DTP packages. It is wonderful value for only £5.99
- from David Pilling (£6 through Archive).
- 6.2
- Speed and guessing abilities
- 6.2
- I didn’t try to compare the speeds of checking as all appear adequate.
- However, to see which was the best guesser, I got Impression, Ovation
- and EasiWriter all running together with the same misspelled words.
- Impression definitely won here and seems to incorporate some sort of
- ‘sounds like’ feature. In a separate test, I also compared the guessing
- qualities of AMFSpell and Spell and found the latter was better.
- 6.2
- Conclusions?
- 6.2
- It’s difficult to pick an outright winner because it is difficult to
- know quite how to compare and weigh the different features. Perhaps I
- could say that my ideal checker would (a) be as easy to use as Ovation
- (b) guess as well as Impression (c) handle foreign languages, even just
- one word, as easily as EasiWriter. If you need a separate checker,
- perhaps as a supplement, Spell would be hard to beat.
- 6.2
- Final note: I do hope no-one will choose a WP/DTP program solely by its
- spell checker. Impression’s too good for that! A
- 6.2
- WP/DTP Program Top Bit Set Case
- Sensitive Main Dictionary Foreign
- Words of
- 6.2
- or Spell Checker Characters
- Editable Languages 1 & 2
- Letters
- 6.2
- Impression (V2.16) No (Note 1)
- No? (Note 1) No ? No
- 6.2
- Ovation (V1.35S) Yes Yes
- Yes, easily (Note 2) Yes
- 6.2
- EasiWriter2 (V2.01) Yes
- Yes No (A pity!) Yes, easily
- Yes
- 6.2
- PipeDream4 (V4.13) (In User
- Dict.) No Yes (Note 3) ?
- Yes
- 6.2
- Spell (V3.03) Yes Yes Yes, easily
- (Note 2) Yes
- 6.2
- AMFSpell (V1.75) (In User Dict.) No No
- ? Yes
- 6.2
- Notes relating to the table:
- 6.2
- Note 1. Computer Concepts say they are bringing out a version which will
- accept top bit set characters. Surprisingly, they also say that the
- present version is case sensitive. Really? (The abbreviations dictionary
- certainly is case sensitive but not the spelling dictionary, I don’t
- think. Ed) Also, they claim that wrongly spelled one and two letter
- words are easy to spot. Sorry, but I don’t agree on this either.
- 6.2
- Note 2. Both Ovation and Spell are by David Pilling who says that
- foreign languages may be used with either. Just use a file of foreign
- words. Presumably, this approach could be used with other checkers but,
- for EasiWriter, special foreign language dictionaries are already
- available.
- 6.2
- Note 3. At the risk of roaming into Gerald Fitton’s territory, one way
- of getting the PipeDream spell checker to accept accented characters is
- to create a User Dictionary with ‘Latin 1’ as the language. You will get
- a bleep when accented words are typed – even if they’re in the User
- Dict. However, if they exist in that dictionary, they will be accepted
- on checking.
- 6.2
- Small Ads
- 6.2
- (Small ads for Archimedes and related products are free for subscribers
- but we reserve the right to publish all, part or none of the material
- you send, as we think fit. i.e. some people don’t know what ‘small’
- means and there are certain things, as you can imagine, that we would
- not be prepared to advertise as a matter of principle. Sending small ads
- (especially long ones!) on disc is helpful but not essential. Ed)
- 6.2
- Charity Sales − If you have unwanted software or hardware for Archimedes
- computers that you could donate for charity, please send it in to the
- Archive office. We will sell them through this column.
- 6.2
- • A3000 2Mb RAM Acorn m/s monitor, VIDC enhancer, serial port, Learning
- Curve, Hot Links Presenter + games worth £120, £525 o.n.o. Phone
- 081−898−0447.
- 6.2
- • Acorn Desktop C version 4, new, unregistered, ordered for cancelled
- commercial project £180 o.n.o. Phone Pete on 0663−733027.
- 6.2
- • Graphbox Professional never used £65. WorraCAD £45. CC fontpacks Avant
- Garde + Bookman £12 each. Phone Chris on 0276−20575 after 6.
- 6.2
- • Pipedream £30, UIM, Alien Invasion, Apocalypse, PacMania, Zarch £7
- each, Lemmings £10, Interdictor £10, Euclid £30, HardDisc Companion £15,
- Artisan £15, or £120 for lot. Star LC 200-24 pin Colour printer as new
- £145. Phone Andy 0254−771656.
- 6.2
- • RISC-OS 2 PRM’s, as new, £50. Phone Andy after 8 p.m. on 081−675−5972.
- 6.2
- • Star XB24-10 printer hardly used £150. Star LC24-10 printer, good
- condition £75. Phone 0902−734351. A
- 6.2
- Colton Software
- 6.2
- From 6.1 page 28
- 6.2
- HCCS Colour Vision Digitiser
- 6.2
- Bob Potter
- 6.2
- In Archive 5.12 p43, Stuart Bell reviewed the HCCS Vision Digitiser.
- HCCS has now released the colour version, together with a colour upgrade
- for the earlier version. This review is of the new colour digitiser, not
- the upgrade. It was tested on an A310 with 4Mb RAM and on an A5000, also
- with 4Mb.
- 6.2
- The package arrived from HCCS by return of post and contained the
- halfwidth board, a single sheet of installation instructions and a disc
- with the !Cvision application, the Read_Me documentation file, and a
- sample picture entitled ‘lake’ (included on the monthly disc). As with
- the mono version, the board has a single phono socket for 1V p-p
- composite video input. The board appeared well made and cleanly
- soldered.
- 6.2
- The installation instructions were easy to follow and installation was
- straightforward. There are instructions for the internal and external
- versions for the A3000, and for the internal A300/A400/A5000 version. I
- agree with Stuart Bell that the failure to provide a half-width blanking
- plate is unhelpful to people who have not accumulated a drawer full of
- such bits and pieces.
- 6.2
- Using the digitiser
- 6.2
- The !Cvision application installs on the iconbar, and clicking on this
- opens a window which displays a ‘continuous’ image from the video
- source. Modes 15, 21 and 28 can be used for colour images. If you only
- want monochrome, you can also use modes 12, 20 and 27. Attempting to use
- any other mode means that the window is not redrawn. This ‘continuous’
- image is low quality mono and updates about once a second on an ARM2 and
- about twice a second on an ARM3. The update is slightly slower in the
- higher resolution modes.
- 6.2
- Clicking with <menu> over the Cvision window brings up a menu with seven
- options. Selecting ‘Process’ converts the low quality image on the
- screen to a high quality monochrome image. ‘Grab frame’ grabs the frame
- present at the video input when it is selected and then processes the
- image in the same way as ‘process’. Both these options take about 11
- secs on an ARM2 and about 4 secs on the A5000. If you are using a still
- picture source then ‘Continuous’ and ‘Process’ are fine. For moving
- images it is better to use ‘Grab frame’ while viewing the video on a
- separate screen.
- 6.2
- The ‘Colour1’ and ‘Colour2’ options process the frame in the frame store
- to give colour images. ‘Colour2’ is much higher quality but takes longer
- to process, particularly on an ARM2 machine − about 8 minutes in modes
- 21 or 28. ‘Colour1’ only takes 2 minutes. This is where an ARM3 machine
- is a real advantage. ‘Colour1’ takes 30 secs and ‘Colour2’ 105 secs on
- the A5000. ARM3 add-on boards with a faster clock would be even faster.
- HCCS quote 24 secs and 90 secs respectively.
- 6.2
- Because the frame is retained in the frame store, it can be reprocessed
- to get the effect you want. The ‘Adjust’ option allows you to change
- contrast, brightness and colour saturation.
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- This can be done while the image is being processed and so the effect
- can be seen immediately. The image is processed from top to bottom and
- the changes only take effect from the level where they are made. It is
- not necessary to wait for the whole frame to be processed. Clicking on
- the menu with <adjust> keeps the menu on screen, and the current process
- can be switched off and reprocessing started from the top of the frame.
- 6.2
- Image quality
- 6.2
- Once you have the image you want, it can be saved as a sprite. Unfor
- tunately, there is no way that the frame store can be saved, so frames
- cannot be reloaded for processing within !Cvision. However, the saved
- sprites can be loaded into an application such as !ChangeFSI for further
- processing. Scaling and sharpening can enhance the image quality as can
- be seen from the examples on the monthly disc. The sprites are saved
- with their palette.
- 6.2
- The image size is 640 × 250, although in the multiscan modes, the sprite
- is 640 × 500. The error transfer technique used by HCCS does a reason
- able job of this expansion in the 256 colour modes. You lose the top and
- sides of the image and so you need to allow for this when setting up a
- camera or choosing an image to grab. The installation sheet includes a
- voucher for £5 off the price of a 500 line upgrade (to be retailed at
- £40) which will still further enhance the quality of the images you can
- obtain.
- 6.2
- Conclusions
- 6.2
- The quality of colour images that can be obtained using this Colour
- Vision digitiser is remarkable, particularly at the price of £79 + VAT
- for the internal version or £92 + VAT for the external version. (The
- Archive prices are £86 and £100 respectively.) If the upgrade to the
- monochrome digitiser is as good, it is well worth the additional £30.
- For me, the quality of images was limited by the video equipment I was
- using rather than the digitiser. Camera focus is important and transfer
- from tape rather than direct video degrades the input. Despite this, the
- results I obtained are excellent. I can’t wait to get the 500 line
- upgrade! A
- 6.2
- Help!!!!
- 6.2
- • Amiga IFF files? − Can anyone tell me the format of the BODY data in
- an Amiga IFF file. I need to create some Hold And Modify files for a
- friend’s computer. James Riden, 294 Cyncoed Road, Cardiff CF2 6RX.
- 6.2
- • Cross-32 Meta-Assembler − Almost a year ago now someone sent me a
- review of Baildon Electronics’ Meta-Assembler. Unfortunately, I lost the
- name of the author and did not want to print it without the name. Is the
- author still out there? Will he/she own up to it, please, as I would
- like to print it. Thanks. Ed.
- 6.2
- • Floating point unit errors? − Raymond Wright is experiencing a strange
- problem using the WE32206 FPU on an A420/1 with version 3.2 of the FPE.
- He is using Acorn Fortran 77 Release 2 to compile and run source code
- which carries out numerical integration. It compiles and links with no
- errors but, on running, it sometimes crashes with the message:
- 6.2
- Uncaught error trap 80000202
- 6.2
- pc: 11823CD7
- 6.2
- registers at: 00071FC4
- 6.2
- (Error number 800E01)
- 6.2
- The program runs perfectly on an IBM RS60000 workstation. He can find no
- reference to the error numbers and would welcome some information on
- them. Can anyone help? R D Wright, 217 Park Barn Drive, Guildford,
- Surrey GU2 6EX.
- 6.2
- • More technical articles − One of the most frequent suggestions we get
- for improving Archive magazine is to have more technical articles −
- programming and hardware. I agree that it would be good to have more
- such articles. Is there anyone out there interested in doing something
- in that area? If so, drop us a line with your suggestions. Ed.
- 6.2
- • Problems with RISC-OS 3.1? − If you have had any problems with RISC-OS
- 3.1 − either installing it, running it or with clashes with other
- software and hardware, please write in to us to let us know − and if you
- have found a solution, tell us about that too. (If you send more than a
- paragraph of text, a disc would be appreciated and would be returned in
- due course if it has your name and address on it.) Hugh Eagle has agreed
- to do a compilation of the problems and solutions. We have put in a few
- RISC-OS 3 hints and tips this month but, from next month, they will be
- sent to Hugh who will compile and edit them for us. Ed.
- 6.2
- • Software needed − An organisation called Compaid is seeking to help
- stroke patients with speech impediments and, having a limited budget,
- they are looking for people to donate software and hardware that are no
- longer being used. Please could you send them (via Archive) any of the
- following: Sound sampling equipment, sound synthesis, SFXM, Vox Box,
- Speech synthesis and analysis. They would also appreciate DTP and games,
- etc. Please mark your donation ‘For Compaid’. Thank you. Ed. A
- 6.2
- An APEC Card Hardware Project
- 6.2
- Francis Crossley
- 6.2
- Some years ago, I developed an interest in data analysis using the fast
- Fourier transform because of the work I was doing. I was then using a
- BBC Model B but having since changed to the Archimedes, I had to provide
- my own parallel port.
- 6.2
- I used the Apec prototype board from Atomwide to which I fitted a
- versatile interface adapter (VIA) and a 25 way D-type socket. At first,
- I thought I would put an analog-to-digital converter on the Apec board
- to make a transient recorder but, since I also wanted some analog signal
- conditioning, it was simpler to use a second board in its own case.
- 6.2
- The Apec prototype board plugs into the Archimedes backplane and has
- room for a number of integrated circuits. Eight data lines and four
- address lines (all buffered by the Apec board’s own interface circuits)
- are available, together with a number of control lines. Archimedes
- allows 4Kb of address space for each podule. The Apec hardware uses the
- bottom 2Kb of address space for the software in RAM or ROM and the upper
- 2Kb is divided into four 512 byte blocks, each block being accessed by
- the read or write line so that devices with separate read and write pins
- can be used. (The 6522 VIA is slightly different and the change
- mentioned below is necesary.) The Apec board can be bought with either a
- ROM containing the software or a RAM. In the latter case, the software
- must be loaded before the podule can be recognised by RISC-OS, this
- software is supplied with the board or the user can write it.
- 6.2
- To make a parallel port a VIA (or something similar) needs to be
- soldered to the board and connected to the eight data and four address
- lines, the system clock, the reset line, the Apec read and write lines.
- I buffered the system clock using part of a 74HC04 hex inverter to avoid
- loading the clock line too much. I did not use the interrupt facility
- since it was not necessary. I connected the 16 pins for the two ports,
- the four controls pins, the clock, +5V and −5V to a 25-way D-type
- connector to maximise the utility of the VIA. I used a D-type connector
- so that screened connecting cable could be used to reduce interference.
- It is screwed to the plate at the rear of the computer making a very
- firm arrangement. This type of connector is not the most convenient as
- its pins are staggered and do not match the regular array of holes in
- the Apec board, some careful bending is necessary to make it fit. An idc
- connector does not have this disadvantage.
- 6.2
- The VIA that I used is a CMOS 6522 which will accept a 2 MHz clock. It
- has two sets of output pins, eight bits wide, known as ports A and B,
- two pairs of control pins and two counters which can be used as timers.
- There is also a serial to parallel convertor but we are not concerned
- with this part. As the 6522 VIA uses a chip select and one R/W pin, the
- track to pin #1 of U6 on the Apec board was broken (not pin #12 as in
- the manual) and pin #1 connected to 0v. Read #0 is now active for reads
- and writes and the R/W line sets the direction of transfer for the VIA.
- 6.2
- To make the VIA perform in a particular way, it needs to be programmed
- by placing suitable values in some of the 16 registers accessed by the
- four address bits. Six registers are of importance in this project.
- 6.2
- 1. Data direction register − There are two but only the one for the A
- port is needed. Port B cannot be used because eight bits are not
- available as bit 7 is already in use for timer #2. Each pin can be
- individually programmed as input or output − in this case, all are input
- pins.
- 6.2
- 2. Peripheral control register − This sets the way the four control pins
- are used. Two pins are read only and are used to read the FIFO full and
- empty flags. The other two pins can be read or write − here they are
- output pins and are used to send the read FIFO and the reset FIFO
- signals.
- 6.2
- 3. Auxilliary control register − This controls how the timers operate −
- in this case timer #2 must produce a square wave at bit 7 on port B.
- 6.2
- 4. Interrupt flag register − This consists of eight flags which are set
- by events such as the control pins receiving signals, etc. An interrupt
- can also be produced although not used in this project. Reading the
- appropriate flags shows when the FIFO is full or empty.
- 6.2
- 5. Timer registers − Two registers are used for setting the values for
- the high and low bytes of the timer. The values required are calculated
- knowing the highest frequency of interest. The timer output must be at
- twice this freqency. The high byte is ‘frequency DIV 256’ and the low is
- ‘frequency MOD 256’ .
- 6.2
- Programming the VIA seems to be formidable because it is a complex
- device but the values required are not too difficult to deduce using the
- data sheets. (Ed wrote a series of six articles in Electronics &
- Computing Monthly about using the 6522 VIA in June − November 1984. Can
- it really be that long ago?!?!)
- 6.2
- The transient recorder consists of a variable attenuator and operational
- amplifier, an analog to digital converter and some memory. DC bias can
- be applied to the amplifier so that the voltage presented to the AD
- converter is never negative and never greater than 2.5 V or so. To
- simplify setting the gain and DC offset, a two colour LED (red and
- green) is used. When correctly adjusted, the LED will be unlit but a
- negative voltage lights the green LED and over-voltage lights the red
- one. A yellow colour indicates that the amplitude is too large and is
- going negative. This function is performed using two comparators, one
- with 0V as the reference and the other using the AD reference voltage.
- 6.2
- The AD converter (ZN439) is an 8 bit converter performing one conversion
- in a minimum of 5 microseconds (depending on the applied clock fre
- quency). The converter can be connected so that it performs continuous
- conversions − setting the read pin low applies the digital code for the
- analog voltage of the last conversion to the output pins. To avoid the
- overhead of collecting samples under software control − and with a 5 µs
- conversion time, there is very little time to do this anyway − a FIFO
- ram (first in first out) is used to collect 2048 8-bit values using
- hardware control. A monostable, controlled by the VIA in the Apec board
- to enable sampling at the correct frequency, is used to produce a write
- enable pulse for the FIFO. During this pulse, the clock pulses from the
- Archimedes are gated to enable reading the AD converter. This data is
- written to the FIFO. A little extra logic is necessary to help the major
- components talk to each other at the correct time. Reading the FIFO when
- it is full uses software since the time constraints are much reduced.
- 6.2
- Software
- 6.2
- In order to use the parallel port, the podule must be recognised by the
- operating system. If the ROM version of board is in use, it probably is
- already recognised − I use a RAM version, so am not certain. For the RAM
- version, the Apec initialisation program is run. This originally asked
- for the podule number and name of the source file but since they are
- both constant in my system, I wrote the correct values into the program
- (it is written in BASIC so that part was easy). Typing ‘*podules’ gives
- the following message:
- 6.2
- *Atomwide Prototyping Expansion Card 1.30
- 6.2
- The Apec board can now be used.
- 6.2
- The first part of the transient recorder program sends the correct
- values to the VIA’s registers to implement the functions outlined above.
- Apec supplies SWI type commands to write and read the podule. In Basic,
- a read command would be:
- 6.2
- SWI “APEC_Read”,slot,userblock ,offset TO ,,,value
- 6.2
- where slot is the podule number 0 to 3, userblock is the block of memory
- where the VIA is located, (if read #0 is used, this block is 0), offset
- is the address of the VIA’s register and will be in the range 0 to 15,
- and value is the name of the variable where the data is to be placed.
- 6.2
- Writing a value uses a similar command:
- 6.2
- SWI “APEC_Write”,slot,offset, block,value
- 6.2
- where the variables have the same meaning as before but value is now the
- data to be written.
- 6.2
- Other commands are provided for reading or writing a block of data and
- there is one to set the speed of operation or ‘Sync’ if the 6522 is
- being used, I would use this one first and then the write commands.
- 6.2
- It does not matter in which order the registers are written but
- numerically is logical. As soon as the timer low byte is written, timer
- #2 produces its square wave. The FIFO is then reset and data collection
- by the transient recorder starts. The program then loops while it looks
- at the FIFO full flag. When the FIFO is full, the program sends a low
- signal to the FIFO read pin, the data is read and placed in an array,
- the read pin is sent high and this sequence is repeated until 2048
- values have been collected. It might be thought possible to look at the
- FIFO empty flag and to stop transfering data when empty but the FIFO
- will continue to be filled as long as the full flag is not asserted.
- However, if reading the FIFO takes longer than writing to it, samples
- will be missed giving incorrect data. My program displays the data as a
- graph and enquires whether the data should be saved and if so under what
- name. Since the data is in bytes it is saved as bytes. This data can
- then be used by other programs. The program is written in ‘C’ because,
- having written programs in Fortran and Pascal, I decided to stick to one
- language, ‘C’ !
- 6.2
- At the moment, only 2048 values are collected but it is possible, by
- reading the half full flag of the FIFO, to start emptying it while it is
- still being filled, emptying being halted if the empty flag is asserted
- − but this has not been tried yet. To enable reading the half full flag,
- I would need to program port B so that one of its bits would need to be
- an input, as I have used up the four control pins.
- 6.2
- The transient recorder can be used to collect samples of a signal for
- analysis by methods such as the Fourier transform which presents the
- signal in terms of its frequency components. In my case, a signal might
- be from a teleprinter received on a short wave radio. After Fourier
- transformation, a graph of the new values shows two peaks corresponding
- to the two tones used by the transmitter, probably a radio amateur.
- Information can be deduced about the strange noises heard on the amateur
- bands (no, not about the amateurs themselves!).
- 6.2
- This probably is not the place for a circuit diagram or a more detailed
- description of the use of the major components but if any reader wants
- more information I shall be happy to oblige. Please send a stamped
- addressed envelope. My address is 156 Holmes Chapel Road, Congleton,
- Cheshire CW12 4QB. A
- 6.2
- Government Health Warning − Reading this could seriously affect your
- spiritual health.
- 6.2
- “The trouble with you Christians is that you are always trying to tell
- other people what is right and what is wrong. It’s OK to have your own
- private views about God and morality and things as long as you don’t try
- to push those ideas onto other people. We live in a pluralist society so
- we have to accept that we all have different views. Tolerance, that’s
- the thing!”
- 6.2
- “But are you saying that there is no such thing as right and wrong? Is
- it all a matter of opinion?”
- 6.2
- “Oh no, of course some things are absolutely wrong − like murder, for
- example.”
- 6.2
- “So would you say that killing someone in war is wrong? Is that murder?
- Or what about abortion? Is that murder? How do you decide what is right
- and what is wrong?”
- 6.2
- “Well, in a modern, civilised society, we don’t allow some person or
- group (especially a religious group!) to dictate to us what is right and
- what is wrong. We get together and discuss things rationally and come to
- a democratic decision about what is right.”
- 6.2
- “But why should something be any more right just because the majority of
- people in a particular country at a particular time in history think it
- is? And what happens when two countries disagree about what is right?!”
- 6.2
- What I have tried to show in this little dialogue is that talking about
- right and wrong is actually meaningless without some sort of frame of
- reference. Also, it seems to me that when a country bases its laws on
- what the majority (of those who shout loudest?) think is right, the
- natural tendency is for moral standards to drop − we all do what we
- think is good in our own eyes. It’s much easier for a government to do
- what is ‘popular’ rather than what it believes is ‘right’ (whatever that
- means).
- 6.2
- I know I am in the minority here, but the (biblical) Christian view is
- that God made the world and He made us. He knows how we can best run our
- society in such a way that freedom, love and justice can prevail, so if
- we listen to what He says is right and wrong, we stand a chance of
- improving our society.
- 6.2
- In Noah’s day, the majority of people said, “We don’t need God to tell
- us what’s right and what is wrong − we can run our own society. Flood?
- What flood? Oh, so God says there is going to be a flood, does he? Ha,
- ha, ha! Noah − you’re off your head! There isn’t going to be any flood.”
- 6.2
- Remember, the majority isn’t always right!
- 6.2
- Damage, theft and snoop protection for key files and directories. Drag-
- and-drop with password to secure or release. Secure objects are
- encrypted, and while !IronMask is installed on your system, they cannot
- be opened, copied, moved, deleted, overwritten, or given any different
- filetype or attributes.
- 6.2
- £59.00 all users.
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- The only link editor for BBC Basic compilers. Now, for the first time,
- reusable library code can be automatically included in compiled Basic
- programs.
- 6.2
- £39.00 single user. Enquire for site prices.
- 6.2
- No VAT. Prices include postage. Send or phone for further information or
- factsheets.
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- The DTP Column
- 6.2
- Richard Hallas
- 6.2
- At the time of writing, the Acorn User Show (an event I am looking
- forward to greatly) is less than a week away. This year’s show really
- does sound as though it’s going to be a large and exciting one, even
- better than last year’s, which was pretty impressive in itself. All this
- activity can only be good news for Acorn users in general and Acorn in
- particular, especially with the recent introduction of the new low-end
- machines and RISC-OS 3·10.
- 6.2
- Incidentally, I now have RISC-OS 3 fitted to my A440/1 and, despite the
- supposedly limited numbers of available upgrades, I was able to get a
- copy without any appreciable delay. Despite a few irritations it is
- operating reliably and is a very worthwhile upgrade. My personal
- favourite feature is the improved font manager − an amazingly slick
- piece of software. You can rotate and skew text to your heart’s content
- in Vector and it still displays with anti-aliasing.
- 6.2
- Better still, it is much faster than previous versions. The worst hang-
- over from RISC-OS 2 from my point of view is that the LaserDirect
- printer driver won’t print rotated text and sprite files. There will be
- a new version of this driver in due course, naturally, but it will be
- some time before it appears. Anyway, with Artworks also finally
- available, things are looking much healthier for serious Acorn users;
- let’s hope the current trends continue.
- 6.2
- News and Views
- 6.2
- • Graphics Card: In conjunction with Wild Vision, Computer Concepts
- should by now have launched a new graphics card. Full technical details
- are not available at the time of writing but the essentials are as
- follows: the card will take the form of a single width podule which will
- receive the standard Acorn screen information as input and send an
- output to the monitor via its own socket. As a result, it will be
- compatible with all existing Acorn modes and many others will be
- supplied with the card. Priced at £249, it is capable of driving up to
- 1120×840 pixels in 16 colours with a screen refresh rate of 60 Hz or
- 800×600 pixels in 256 colours with a definable palette. The definable
- palette is the only real colour advantage this card has over the
- standard screen modes but, realistically, this is all that the majority
- of users are going to need.
- 6.2
- Despite all the hype, 24-bit colour is overkill for most people; more
- important is the availability of large screen modes without flicker, and
- these are what this card will provide. Apparently the card can support
- the standard modes at rates of up to 90 Hz and even the biggest modes
- will operate at similar speeds to an unexpanded mode 19 (multisync with
- 4 colours).
- 6.2
- This sounds pretty impressive; I personally use a custom mode which is
- similar to mode 20 but with a graphic resolution of 864×616 (108×77
- characters). This is a super size for the desktop but the screen flicker
- is noticeable, as is the loss in speed over smaller modes. I hope to be
- able to try out one of these cards in the near future and see how much
- difference it makes. Like a quality monitor or an ARM 3, this is
- probably one of those upgrades which, once you have bought it, you
- wonder how you ever managed without it.
- 6.2
- • Impression 2·18: The new version will probably be available by the
- time you read this, although it wasn’t going to be ready in time for the
- Show. It is primarily an upgrade with Artworks users in mind, as it
- offers two new enhancements: the ability to render Artworks files
- directly, and the removal of the 256-font limit. As Artworks is supplied
- with 220 outline fonts, it naturally seemed a bit silly that Impression
- could only handle an extra 36 faces. Impression users should note that
- there has been a change in Computer Concepts’ upgrade policy from this
- version of Impression. Since the upgrade is mainly for Artworks users’
- benefit, it will be free to them, but if you are not an owner of
- Artworks, there will be an upgrade fee − probably around £10.
- 6.2
- • PMS2: Some firm news at last about the new version of the music
- typesetting program: PMS2 will definitely be released at Christmas. It
- is likely to be available in four versions: commercial, non-commercial,
- PostScript and non-PostScript, and will range in price from £175 for the
- basic non-PostScript version up to the £500 for the full-blown system.
- Upgrades from PMS1 will probably be £50. Contrary to previous informa
- tion, it will not be a ‘drag notes in a window’ style program, but will
- take a (backwards compatible) text input file as did version 1. There is
- a viewing window, but it is for checking only. However, the general
- approach is more helpful than PMS1 and the overall quality of output has
- also been improved over the previous version.
- 6.2
- Needless to say, PMS2 has many new facilities, including the addition
- (for printer driver and drawfile output) of all the features which were
- previously only available to PostScript users, as well as comprehensive
- drawing commands and other features. I have been bug-testing PMS2 for a
- couple of months now and can say that it is very flexible indeed − there
- is really very little that it won’t do.
- 6.2
- • Poster 1·6: 4Mation has announced that a new version of Poster is
- available, with numerous enhancements. The DrawPrint application, which
- allows Poster and drawfiles to be printed across several sheets of
- paper, is included with both the full package and the upgrade, and
- Poster’s enhanced features include: text area creation, compressed file
- load and save, increased speed in various areas, 256 line, fill and text
- colours as opposed to 16 in previous versions, text to path facility,
- zooming centred on the pointer, RISC-OS 3 facilities to rotate text and
- sprites, and various other more minor improvements. The upgrade costs
- £15+VAT (£17.62) unless you bought Poster within the last six weeks, in
- which case it is free. Registered users should have received an upgrade
- form by now.
- 6.2
- • Risc Developments’ Desktop Thesaurus − a new version has been produced
- which has 17,392 keywords and 181,705 synonyms. The user interface has
- been improved by providing a scrollable keywords list. The upgrade is
- free − just send your disc back to Risc Developments.
- 6.2
- Hints, Tips and Letters
- 6.2
- A combined selection this month, since the hints and tips stem from
- letters I have received recently.
- 6.2
- • Key Window / Impression problem: I am grateful to Jack Evans of
- Bristol for pointing out this problem to me, particularly since I am the
- author of the program in question. Key Window (available on Shareware 47
- – see review in Archive 6.1 p31) is a program which displays keystrips
- in a window, and the strips update themselves as you move the caret
- between tasks.
- 6.2
- The problem is that if you have Key Window running at the same time as
- you are editing a document in Impression which is set to auto-save, the
- auto-save doesn’t work. You can still save manually of course, but this
- is something which is easy to forget about. The solution is easily
- effected, if not very satisfactory. You have to de-select ‘Sense caret’
- in Key Window’s Options menu. Unfortunately, this will prevent Key
- Window from changing keystrips as you move between applications. If you
- use Impression’s auto-save a lot, and want to disable Key Window’s
- interference permanently, you can edit the !Run file to disable the
- ‘sense caret’ option via a system variable. Full instructions for doing
- this are provided in the file.
- 6.2
- Users may be interested to know that I have just started work on version
- 2 of Key Window, and am re-writing it from scratch to make it a much
- better program with enhanced facilities. I intend to approach Computer
- Concepts about the problem, to see if a satisfactory solution can be
- found. Other programs with auto-save facilities, such as Ovation and
- Vector, do not appear to suffer from the problem.
- 6.2
- • Protecting Impression files: Charles Martin from the Isle of Wight
- has been having a few problems with some Impression ‘template’ files –
- empty documents with standard formats. He wants to make them Delete- and
- Write-protected via the filer’s Access menu but has found that setting
- the files (which are, of course, in the form of application directories)
- to ‘locked’ does not protect their contents. Similarly, opening the
- directories and choosing ‘Select all’ does not have the desired effect.
- 6.2
- This situation actually applies to all applications and directories, not
- just Impression files. However, under RISC-OS 3, the Access menu is
- completely redesigned and works much better, so the problem only really
- affects RISC-OS 2 users. The difficulty arises because of the distinc
- tion that the filer makes between directories (be they normal
- directories or application directories) and actual files. This is one of
- those ‘features’ of RISC-OS 2 which needs a bit of care.
- 6.2
- Under RISC-OS 3, if you select a directory or application directory
- (such as an Impression file) and set it to ‘Protected’, the filer will
- protect all the files within it, no matter how many sub-directories
- there are. Under RISC-OS 2, however, it will only set the status of the
- directory itself. You therefore need to open the directory, select all
- the files within it and set their attributes via the Access menu.
- However, there is a further complication: if the selection of files
- contains any directories, the process will be upset − the directories
- need to be deselected first.
- 6.2
- Under RISC-OS 2, to protect an Impression file, you would need to open
- it up, choose ‘Select all’ from the filer menu, deselect any directories
- in the selection by clicking on them with <adjust>, and finally set all
- the files’ attributes via the Access menu. Then repeat the process for
- each of the directories which you had deselected (‘MasterChap’,
- ‘Chapter1’, etc). There is simply no point in protecting the directories
- themselves, since it is impossible to delete a directory which contains
- locked files, and locking a directory (under RISC-OS 2) does not affect
- the access status of the files within it in any case.
- 6.2
- All in all, it’s probably easiest to upgrade to RISC-OS 3!
- 6.2
- • Applause for Ovation: A highly enthusiastic letter about Ovation has
- been received from Tony Greenfield of Birmingham. He has the following
- to say:
- 6.2
- “[Ovation] does just what I had hoped for and more. The manual is
- brilliant! It is a work book on DTP, quite good enough as an introduc
- tion to the subject to beginners and as an encouraging tutorial for more
- experienced users. I found it much more useful than First Impression. I
- have learnt much about Impression II and much about how a manual should
- be presented. I wonder if the reason that there are not many hints and
- tips on using Ovation [in Archive] is because the user manual is so
- clear? (It may also have something to do with the relative numbers of
- people using the two packages. Ed.) There are many features which I like
- about the program. In fact, there is not very much missing – I wonder
- if, for most people, Impression is not really required − after all, it’s
- more expensive than Ovation. I’m sure that, for schools who have yet to
- purchase a DTP package, Ovation would be a must better buy than
- Impression, for many reasons − perhaps most of all for the ease of use,
- and I guess it would be easier to learn than Impression.”
- 6.2
- Tony goes on to list various features which he likes in Ovation, notably
- its wide range of effects such as word underline, small caps and
- tracking, and its system of basing font styles on one family name, so
- that changing the base family will also alter the italic and bold fonts.
- 6.2
- I would certainly agree with Tony’s comments about the manual, which is
- indeed a very helpful document, although I think Impression is the
- easier of the two to learn, as Ovation has a quite unwieldy menu
- structure. Perhaps the quality of the manual really is the reason why we
- haven’t received more tips on using the program from readers. Anyway,
- things are set to change from this month in Archive, with the advent of
- Maurice Edmundson’s dedicated Ovation column. (We also have a new DTP
- editor, Ray Dawson, whose first column will appear next month.) For
- further comments about Ovation, see my Ovation/Impression comparison
- article which follows on page 33. A
- 6.2
- Oak
- 6.2
- From 6.1 page 22
- 6.2
- ICS
- 6.2
- From 5.12 page 31
- 6.2
- PipeLine
- 6.2
- Gerald Fitton
- 6.2
- The major topic this month is PD4 custom functions but first, here are a
- couple of other points.
- 6.2
- PipeDream 4 bug?
- 6.2
- Jonathan A I Brown reports a ‘bug’. I can’t reproduce the effect he has.
- Can you? Jonathan says:
- 6.2
- I have also, I regret to say, detected a bug (Aargh!!) in PD4 − but only
- a small one. When a PD3 file is double-clicked without PD4 having been
- previously loaded, PD4 loads in but the window for that file does not
- appear. The file does, however, appear in the Documents sub-menu on the
- iconbar. This only happens with files that have not been saved under
- PD4. This happens on both the A440/1 and the A4 (RISC-OS 2.00 & 3.10
- respectively), so it probably isn’t a clash with the operating system. I
- suspect it is a problem within PipeDream itself as the line
- 6.2
- SetMacro Alias$@RunType_DDE Run <PipeDream$Dir>.!Run %%*0
- 6.2
- in the !Boot file presents no problems.
- 6.2
- If you have any theories please let me know.
- 6.2
- Custom functions − an introduction
- 6.2
- Fashions change. A few days ago, I needed to look up an article in an
- early issue of Archive. It was most noticeable that a much larger
- proportion of the content of those early issues consisted of Basic
- programs than do more recent ones. Much more space is now devoted to the
- use of packages such as Impression, Vector, Revelation and, of course,
- PipeDream than to writing programs in Basic. There was something most
- satisfying about writing a short program in Basic and running it
- successfully. Perhaps even more satisfying was to use the Basic
- assembler to create a working machine code routine!
- 6.2
- I think part of the attraction was that, after typing RUN, the computer
- ‘took over’ and, somewhat like the wheels of God, it ground its
- inexorable way through the program, creating myriad coloured patterns or
- executing almost uncountable calculations with awesome speed. As I came
- to use data processing packages more and more, what I didn’t realise was
- that I was missing one of the most attractive features of a computer
- system. That was its ability to accept only a small amount of data and
- then, by following simply expressed rules, to perform what, manually,
- would be a painstaking exercise in accurate calculation, at a speed that
- could only be described as ‘exhilarating’ and, finally, to output the
- ‘answer’ with unfailing accuracy − or not, as the case might be!
- 6.2
- Let me illustrate what I mean with an example. A Basic program I wrote
- many years ago for the BBC Micro took, as its input, a date (day, month,
- year) and the output was the day of the week. At that time, I had been
- asked to teach “Computer literacy” to highly qualified ‘mature’ students
- who had never used a computer before. If I had to choose one single
- application which encouraged those Managers (etc) to ‘play’ and so
- interact with an ‘IT System’ then that ‘Day of the Week’ program would
- be my selection!
- 6.2
- (By the way, on the Archive monthly disc, you will find a directory
- called DutchCal. It has been contributed by one of our Dutch readers and
- it is a version of an everlasting calendar which, originally, I wrote
- for PD2. It does not use custom functions.)
- 6.2
- By writing PipeDream 4 custom functions, I am now rediscovering that
- thrill. Don’t get me wrong, I know that word processing is the most
- ‘popular’ use of modern PC systems but, let’s face it, WP systems need a
- lot of data input, do relatively little ‘processing’ and produce a
- fairly predictable output. Now, with a ‘Day of the Week’ custom
- function, you can input the day of your birth and find out if you are
- “Full of Grace” (Tuesday’s child) or whether you have “Far to Go”
- (Thursday’s child). Much more exciting!
- 6.2
- With your help, I am hoping to provide a custom function for calculating
- Easter Sunday (for any year from about 5A.D.) on the Archive monthly
- disc issued next month (December 1992). Finding the date of Easter
- Sunday has a rather more intricate algorithm than finding the day of the
- week. I believe that it is the first Sunday after the first full moon
- after the Spring Equinox. Traditionally (i.e. manually) the date of
- Easter is calculated using, as intermediate variables, a Golden Number,
- a Sunday Letter and an Epact, all with appropriate look up tables which
- can be found in the Church of England Prayer Book. In older records of
- the birth, marriage or death of individuals, or in the records of
- important events, the dates are often related to the nearest ‘movable
- feast’; the dates of all these ‘moveable feasts’ can be found once you
- know the date of Easter.
- 6.2
- There is another complication which needs to be considered. In the UK,
- we changed from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar in 1752 by leaving
- out 11 days between the 2nd and 14th September 1752. Other countries
- made the change earlier, many in 1582. If you have any comment or
- contribution to make (for example, do you know whether Easter was
- celebrated simultaneously on the continent and in the UK between 1582
- and 1752) then I shall be most pleased to hear from you.
- 6.2
- Anyway, back to my main theme − even if you not a teacher trying to
- interest pupils or students, you too will find that “Custom functions
- are fun!”. Many spreadsheet packages (yes, even those for IBM compat
- ibles) now include a ‘custom function’ facility (often called ‘macros’ −
- but unlike PipeDream’s macros). To use the custom function facility, you
- need to learn the custom function programming language. Teachers have
- the problem that today’s students have little or no formal training in
- the programming skills needed to write such custom functions. My advice
- about programming is that you should learn a set of conventions (a
- subset of the constraints of the programming language) which encourage
- ‘good’ programming. Only after becoming master of these ‘rules’ should
- you break them knowing that you need speed or efficiency which cannot be
- achieved by sticking rigidly to them.
- 6.2
- Custom functions and Command files
- 6.2
- One thing I must clear up from the start is that custom functions are
- different from command files. Custom functions did not exist in PD3 but
- command files (called ‘macros’) did. Command files consist of a sequence
- of PipeDream commands such as <Ctrl-CGS> (Cursor Goto Slot) and <Ctrl-
- BM> (Block Move). They can be used to add or delete rows and columns −
- even to load and save documents. Custom functions cannot be used to move
- blocks around within a document nor indeed to change the ‘shape’ of a
- document in any way. However, what you can do with them is to process
- the data which already exists within the slots of a document (or within
- a set of documents) in more intricate ways than can be done simply with
- the ‘standard’ functions provided. Just like any standard function such
- as (A1 + A2) or the more complex lookup(A1,B1B10,C1C10), a custom
- function is ‘called’ from a slot and the ‘result’ of executing the
- function is returned to the slot from which it is called.
- 6.2
- Calling custom functions
- 6.2
- Let’s have a look at a custom function at work. In the screenshot
- opposite, you will see two PipeDream documents. The first, [AddOne], is
- an ‘ordinary’ PipeDream document. The second [c_AddOne] is the custom
- function.
- 6.2
- You can use any valid file name for a custom function document but, so
- that I can recognise which PipeDream files are ‘ordinary’ documents and
- which are custom function documents, I have prefixed all my custom
- function documents with c_ (a lower case c followed by an underline). I
- suggest that you follow this convention; it is recommended not only by
- me but also by Colton Software.
- 6.2
- Concentrating first on [AddOne], it contains only two ‘active’ slots,
- A3, which contains the number 2 and B3 which contains the ‘call’ to the
- custom function.
- 6.2
- The custom function ‘called’ from [AddOne]B3 is not a spectacular custom
- function. The ‘result’ returned to the slot [AddOne]B3 is (A3 + 1), one
- more than the number in the slot [AddOne]A3. If you have the monthly
- disc, change the value in [AddOne]A3 a few times and convince yourself
- that the value in [AddOne]B3 is always 1 more than the value in
- [AddOne]A3.
- 6.2
- Now let’s have a look at the contents of slot [AddOne]B3. Place the
- pointer over [AddOne]B3 and click <select>. The formula line does not
- show the simple, non custom function way of adding 1 which would be
- (A3 + 1); instead it shows the formula used to ‘call’ the custom
- function, namely [c_AddOne]one_more_than(A3). Because I have positioned
- the cursor in [AddOne]B3 whilst taking the screenshot, this formula
- appears in the formula line. Before looking at the custom function
- document, [c_AddOne], let’s have a look at the formula used to call the
- custom function in more detail.
- 6.2
- The ‘calling’ formula is in three parts:
- 6.2
- The first part − [c_AddOne] − is the name of the dependent document
- which contains the custom function. A custom function document such as
- [c_AddOne] can contain more than one custom function. Indeed, it is
- desirable to ‘split up’ large, exotic custom functions into a set of
- smaller custom functions (stored within the same ‘c_’ document) in the
- same way that it is usually desirable to split up a long program written
- in Basic into more easily digested PROCs and FNs.
- 6.2
- The second part − one_more_than − is the name of the custom function
- within [c_AddOne]. If you look at slot A7 of the document [c_AddOne] you
- will see that − one_more_than −, the name of the custom function,
- appears after the word ‘function’. Another convention which I recommend
- is that the names of custom functions should be totally in lower case
- (no capitals). The reason is that lower case and upper case function
- names are equivalent (unlike Basic procedures) and PipeDream converts
- upper case letters in the custom function names to lower case anyway!
- 6.2
- The third part − (A3) − is the single piece of data which is passed to
- the custom function for processing. To be more accurate, [AddOne]A3 is
- the slot reference of the data passed to [c_AddOne] for processing. The
- data passed to a custom function in this way is called a ‘parameter’. A
- parameter is a ‘sort of’ variable which has a ‘fixed’ value within the
- custom function but can be varied outside the custom function. As we
- shall see in a later article, it is possible to pass more than one
- parameter to a custom function. Indeed, you can pass as many different
- parameters as you wish to a custom function but, if you want to pass a
- large amount of data, rather than use many parameters (a rather
- cumbersome method), it is better to pass a range of slots, or an array,
- as one single parameter.
- 6.2
- Returning the result
- 6.2
- ‘Calling’ the custom function − [c_AddOne]one_ more_than(A3) − from slot
- [AddOne]B3 returns the result of the processing to the slot from which
- it was called, [AddOne]B3. Although the result can be returned to only a
- single slot, this does not mean that you can return only one value from
- a custom function! You can return many values to one slot by returning
- an array to the calling slot. This array can then be expanded using
- set_value (range,slotref) where ‘slotref’ contains the array (and the
- calling function) and where ‘range’ is the range of slots containing the
- expanded array. We shall return to examples of this tactic another day.
- 6.2
- Sequence
- 6.2
- This topic is concerned with the order in which the commands are
- executed. Every sequence must have a start and a finish.
- 6.2
- In a large number of spreadsheets, you must choose whether to recalcu
- late along the rows (one at a time, starting at the top and running from
- left to right along each row) or down the columns (one at a time
- starting with the left most column and working down each column from top
- to bottom). In PD4 recalculation takes place in an order which is called
- “natural”. Essentially, with “natural” recalculation, every slot can be
- regarded as part of a chain and the calculation proceeds along the chain
- in such a way that slots which depend on other slots are processed last
- no matter where they are located within the document. When a slot is
- changed in PD4, only those chains which are affected are recalculated.
- 6.2
- Custom function documents are different from ‘ordinary’ PipeDream
- documents. In a PD4 custom function document, the default sequence is
- that commands are executed, one at a time, down a single column. The
- start is identified by the command − function − and the end is identi
- fied by the command − result.
- 6.2
- The custom function
- 6.2
- What we haven’t looked at yet is the custom function itself to see how
- it adds one to the parameter and returns the ‘result’. There are only
- two ‘active’ slots in the custom function document [c_AddOne] namely the
- two slots A7 and A8.
- 6.2
- Let’s look at the commands in detail and see how they process data.
- 6.2
- Row 7 − ...function(“one_more_than”,“parameter :number”)
- 6.2
- In this custom function, the ‘4ProL’ command − ...function − has two
- arguments. The first argument is the name of the custom function, −
- “one_more_than” − note that the name is included in inverted commas. The
- second argument is the one and only parameter passed to the function.
- The name of the one parameter passed to − [c_AddOne] − is − parameter −
- and its ‘type’ has been declared (after the colon) as a number. Because
- of this declaration, if you try to pass anything other than a number to
- this function, an error will be generated. If you want to pass a number
- sometimes and, say, a string on another occasion, you do not have to
- declare the type of variable.
- 6.2
- Try typing Fred (without and then with inverted commas) into [AddOne]A3
- and you will find that the error message − String not expected − is
- returned to slot [AddOne]B3. You will find the error message foreshor
- tened in the body of the [AddOne] document. If you want to read the full
- error message then click the pointer in [AddOne]B3, then on the formula
- button (the italic f just to the right of the PipeDream 4 logo) and
- finally run the pointer through the first menu option − Slot ‘B3’ − Slot
- value − and you will see the full error message displayed. This
- technique is particularly useful when long error messages are generated.
- 6.2
- Row 8 − ...result(@parameter+1)
- 6.2
- The command − ...result − terminates the sequence of commands and
- returns a value to the slot from which it was called, [AddOne]B3. Note
- the @ sign preceding the word − parameter − and that the inverted commas
- have gone. The @ sign ‘goes with’ the word − parameter − try
- ...return(1+@parameter), it gives the same result.
- 6.2
- Try changing ...return(@parameter+1) to ...return (@parameter+2). You
- have to do this in the formula line of [c_AddOne]. Even after you have
- modified the custom function, the number 3 in the slot [AddOne]B3 does
- not change. To make that change, and indeed if you want to check whether
- you have introduced any ‘bugs’ (errors in programming) in [c_AddOne] you
- must ‘run’ the custom function by ‘calling’ it again from the document
- [AddOne]. The simplest way of doing this is to place the cursor in slot
- [AddOne]B3, move the pointer to the formula line and click on
- [c_AddOne]one_more_than(A3). Finally, click on the green tick to the
- left of the formula line. When you click on the green tick, the custom
- function will be called and the new ‘result’ will be returned to
- [AddOne]B3.
- 6.2
- Over to you now
- 6.2
- As your first exercise in writing custom functions, try to recreate the
- pair of documents, [AddOne] and [c_AddOne]. Only when you have succeeded
- are you ready to continue! If you have problems then type <Ctrl-O> to
- check that you have suitable default options in your custom function
- document. In particular, it is advisable to set the <Ctrl-O> − New slot
- format − to Numbers. Secondly, note that the three dots which precede
- the word − function − appear automatically in slot [c_AddOne]A7 and do
- not appear in the formula line. You do not type the three dots anywhere;
- just type the expression − function(“one_more _than”,“parameter:number”)
- − into a “number” slot and press <return>!
- 6.2
- Summary
- 6.2
- A custom function is a sequence of commands which start with a −
- function − command and end with a − result − command. Once there is a
- custom function within a document, the whole document is a custom
- function document. Custom function documents behave differently from
- ‘ordinary’ documents − but they do not have a different filetype!
- 6.2
- Parameters can be passed to custom functions. They must retain their
- identity and value throughout the custom function.
- 6.2
- Finally
- 6.2
- If you wish to write to me, the contact address is that of Abacus
- Training which you will find on the inside back cover of Archive. A
- 6.2
- Nº 62 Honeypot Lane
- 6.2
- Simon Anthony
- 6.2
- For those of you who know BBC TV’s children’s animation ‘Pigeon Street’,
- Nº 62 Honeypot Lane has something of the same style. It has the same
- cuteness, the same general goodnaturedly mood and the same target age
- group.
- 6.2
- 62 Honeypot Lane (or ‘62’ as I shall call it from now on) is a pictorial
- trip for children through the changing interior of a modern family semi-
- detached house over a one year period. You can choose the month, the
- day, even the hour in this little world. By using the mouse to click
- your way through the rooms you get to know the house plan and begin to
- learn a bit about the people and pets who live there. As time goes by,
- things change inside and outside the house. It gets dark at night,
- people go to bed, it might rain or snow or it might not. Leaves fall
- from the trees and plants grow in the garden. If the family hamster has
- escaped, it can be found running around the kitchen or in its home
- behind the fridge or in bed, where it sometimes wears a night cap. (See
- what I mean by cute?)
- 6.2
- Each room is beautifully drawn in full colour and so is everything in
- it. Nearly every aspect of a scene can be investigated. Just by clicking
- on it, a short message is displayed at the bottom of the screen
- describing the object under the pointer. The text is in an easy-to-read
- font, white on black, which stays displayed until you either leave the
- room or click on something else.
- 6.2
- 62 from Resource comes as a single disc with a few covering notes which
- provide help and even a degree of entertainment. The program is full of
- jokes to keep the teacher happy as well as the pupil enthralled − these
- jokes are indicated in the written notes. It is supplied either in a
- single user format, which is copy protected, or in an unprotected site
- licence version. My first review copy came with a built-in time bomb
- which went off after a ‘play by’ date had passed when the computer over
- wrote something and killed the program. This is a very clever way of
- providing protection, but as I had only had the disc for one day this
- proved to be a bit of a pain for review purposes. So, I called Resource
- and they sent me a site licence copy almost by return.
- 6.2
- Niggles
- 6.2
- During the brief life of the first disc I found one bug which was the
- occasional loss of the bathroom, replaced by a second copy of
- “Elizabeth’s bedroom” in which she was sleeping at the time − 25th
- December. The second disc didn’t reproduce this error so it may have
- been corrected.
- 6.2
- The site licensed version was easy to install on the hard drive of an
- Econet network of A3000s at my college. Unfortunately, as the only way
- to leave the program is via a hard break, this logs off the network.
- 6.2
- Although it is not the intention of Resource just to teach language
- skills, it is unfortunate that certain of the information text lines do
- not exactly correspond to the objects indicated. For example, the
- pictures ‘Grandma and Grandpa’ would be better called ‘pictures of
- Grandma or Grandpa’. Also a Christmas cactus plant is just called a
- ‘Christmas cactus’ even though there is space for the word ‘plant’ as
- well. A poor reader would then have more of a chance to work out what
- the computer is talking about and a better reader should not feel
- patronised by the fuller description.
- 6.2
- Also, I wonder why is there no fridge in the kitchen? It is possible to
- enter the kitchen from behind one (via the mouse/hamster hole) but it
- looks just like an ordinary kitchen cupboard from the front. It is,
- however, labelled ‘fridge’ when it is clicked. The Christmas decorations
- are labelled ‘No information’ which looks like another accidental
- omission. My biggest concern is over the supermarket bill which is
- pinned to a notice board in the kitchen. The paperwork says (but it is
- not clear from the program) that ‘only one end is shown’. Only seeing
- the end with the total and not being able to add up all the items makes
- the maths works out very badly to say the least. I found a student deep
- in confusion trying to do the sums.
- 6.2
- How does it work?
- 6.2
- 62 does not need to multi-task. Double clicking on its icon starts the
- program with a frontispiece showing the copy number and version type.
- The emulation begins on January 1st at 4pm by showing the outside of the
- house where a ‘For Sale’ sign is up. The bottom of this screen provides
- the time travel facilities, hour, day and month, forwards and backwards.
- These work intuitively (as does the whole program). The house is empty
- of everything but fixtures and fittings but as the days roll by, the
- family move in and things really get going. The dates wrap around to the
- same January 1st which forces the family to put the house up for sale on
- the 30th December. It is a pity that the year starts at 1st January. If
- it began in mid April, the New Year could be covered, people sell houses
- more often in the spring after all. This is a very (very) minor grumble
- − in fact the only one I have apart from the few bugs mentioned above.
- 6.2
- Why you should buy it
- 6.2
- Even if you don’t have children, 62 is a delight to use and reuse. If
- you do have kids, you won’t get a look in until they are sent to bed. My
- students have to be levered out of the computer room as there is always
- something new to discover and be delighted by. The humour, the care to
- detail, the presentation and the ease of use make the program approa
- chable by all ages.
- 6.2
- 62 teaches the use of the mouse, reading skills, directions, object
- recognition and cause and effect relationships like where did the
- vulture come from? Grandma and Grandpa ‘escaping’ from their old
- people’s home is a nice touch. The family is based on a standard white
- middle class stereotyped well-to-do model − but then Resource had to
- choose something and this does as well as any. In the printed notes,
- Resource admit and apologize for this limitation. A
- 6.2
- Merge and Mask
- 6.2
- Tord Eriksson
- 6.2
- Have you ever tried to use Draw to make striped text? Have you tried to
- use a mask, to mask off part of a drawing or sprite? It is not imposs
- ible, but with Vector it is just a couple of minutes work. (Version 1.03
- is needed for RISC-OS 2 users if you don’t have DrawPlus!)
- 6.2
- The ingredients
- 6.2
- First we need some text and turn that into objects with the text-to-path
- tool:
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- Then we need something to put the text onto, in this case a square:
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- After having ungrouped the text, we merge their paths and get a grey
- object with holes in it:
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- The rest is very simple indeed. We put a dark square under the text and
- make a copy of a thin square, place them on the square and interpolate
- the bars in between, using the interpolate tool from the Special menu:
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- This is then placed under the mask with the text and we have our striped
- text:
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- If you want to do more complex things, it is now possible to use
- experimentation with copying, merging and skewing the graphic object or
- setting the mask to white with white lines. It is all up to your
- imagination and patience:
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- An easy and fun way of doing unusual graphics!
- 6.2
- Anyone wanting to correspond with me please write to: Tord S Eriksson,
- Övralidsg. 25, S-422 47 Hisings Backa, Sweden. A
- 6.2
- Impression and Ovation Compared
- 6.2
- Richard Hallas
- 6.2
- Several readers have expressed an interest in an article which compares
- the features of these two packages and this is a response to their
- request. It is not my intention to produce a buyers’ guide; obviously,
- everyone has their own reasons for wanting such a package and I cannot
- say that one is better than the other for any particular purpose; it all
- depends on what you want to do.
- 6.2
- Personally, I like and use both packages but my tendency is to do all my
- letter-writing in Ovation and my more serious work in Impression. This
- is purely because I have been using Impression for much longer, and to
- use both programs for the same purpose would be somewhat confusing.
- There is no reason why I could not use Ovation for more serious work
- than writing letters but it does highlight the fact that Ovation is
- perfectly capable of being used as a good word processor, which is also
- one of Impression’s selling-points.
- 6.2
- I shall begin by providing a table of features for the two packages,
- although I shall make some more specific comments afterwards. The
- versions compared are Impression 2·17 and Ovation 1·35S
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- Features Impression Ovation
- 6.2
- General Features
- 6.2
- Multiple documents Yes: maximum
- 15 Yes: maximum 6
- 6.2
- Multiple views of documents Yes: maximum
- 4 No
- 6.2
- Closed documents remain in memory Yes No
- 6.2
- Documents can be larger than memory Yes No
- 6.2
- Definable start-up document Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
- Document info (no. of words, pages, etc) Yes: very
- extensive Yes
- 6.2
- View options Presets or 1 − 975% Presets or 1
- − 500%
- 6.2
- 24-bit colour handling & RGB/CMYK/HSV Yes
- RGB only
- 6.2
- Line-drawing facilities No
- Yes
- 6.2
- Index & Contents compilation Yes No
- 6.2
- Spelling checker Yes; with good options 2Mb+
- 6.2
- Hyphenation Yes† 2Mb+; good options
- 6.2
- Hotlink to a Thesaurus package In a future
- version Yes
- 6.2
- Style sheets No Yes
- 6.2
- Retroactive styles Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
- Show Clipboard feature No
- Yes
- 6.2
- Find text Yes Yes; good options
- 6.2
- Insertion of page number, date & time Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
- Page rulers Yes Yes; with guidelines
- 6.2
- Auto-deletion of unused pages Yes No
- 6.2
- Multi-tasking screen redraw Yes No
- 6.2
- Printing Options
- 6.2
- Mail merge facility Only with
- Supplement Yes
- 6.2
- Portrait/Landscape printing Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
- Pamphlet/Galley format Pamphlet
- only Yes
- 6.2
- Choice of pamphlet sizes Yes
- Fixed by page size
- 6.2
- Print even/odd pages only Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
-
- 6.2
- Separate scale for X and Y axes No
- Yes
- 6.2
- X & Y Printing offset No
- Yes
- 6.2
- Fit copies of same page on one sheet Yes No
- 6.2
- Fit more than one page on one sheet Yes
- Only pamphlet, etc.
- 6.2
- Crop marks Yes No
- 6.2
- Draft printing Yes Yes
- 6.2
- Reverse printing order Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
- Collate copies Yes Yes
- 6.2
- Can print without pictures Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
- Can centre pages on sheet automatically Yes No
- 6.2
- Reflect pages Yes No
- 6.2
- Pause between pages Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
- Text & Style Effects
- 6.2
- Kerning Horizontal & Vertical Horizontal
- only
- 6.2
- Tracking No Yes
- 6.2
- Underline Yes Yes
- 6.2
- Double underline Yes† No
- 6.2
- Word underline No Yes
- 6.2
- Strikeout Yes† No
- 6.2
- Choice of Underline/Strike line colour Yes† No
- 6.2
- Superscript/Subscript Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
- Text styles linked to base font No
- Yes
- 6.2
- Inverse text No (only by changing background) Yes
- 6.2
- Small capitals No Yes
- 6.2
- All capitals No Yes
- 6.2
- Title style (capital on every word) No
- Yes
- 6.2
- Condensed/Expanded text Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
- Any font aspect ratio Yes†
- Yes
- 6.2
- Font colours: foreground and background Fore- and
- Background† Foreground only
- 6.2
- Keep titles with body text Yes† No
- 6.2
- Lock text to invisible linespace grid Yes† No
- 6.2
- Definable leadering string Yes† No
- 6.2
- Line spacing/leading Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
- Single or double line spacing No
- Yes
- 6.2
- Space above/below paragraph Yes†
- Yes
- 6.2
- Vertical and horizontal rules linked to text Yes No
- 6.2
- Multiple styles in a single paragraph Yes No
- 6.2
- Can start a new line within a paragraph No
- Yes
- 6.2
- Can have rulers without defining styles Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
- Word-wrap on/off No Yes
- 6.2
- General Frame Options
- 6.2
- Guide frames Yes No, but ruler guides
- 6.2
- Repeating frames Yes No
- 6.2
- Local frames from master page Yes No
- 6.2
- Multiple columns within frames No
- Yes (main frame only)
- 6.2
- Embedded frames (which flow with text) Yes No
- 6.2
-
- 6.2
- Grouped frames Yes No
- 6.2
- Nested frames No Yes
- 6.2
- Coloured frame backgrounds Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
- Snap to guide frames/guidelines Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
- Snap to other frames Yes No
- 6.2
- Frame outlines on/off Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
- Frame borders Draw format Sprite
- format
- 6.2
- Different borders for each edge of frame Yes No
- 6.2
- Ability to colour and resize border No
- Yes
- 6.2
- User-definable borders Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
- Text flow around both sides of frames Yes
- No; one side only
- 6.2
- Definable text repel outside frame Yes; one
- value per edge Yes; only one value
- 6.2
- Definable text repel inside frame Yes; both
- vert. & horiz. Yes; only one value
- 6.2
- Frames can be locked in place Yes No
- 6.2
- Easy duplication of frames with offset No
- Yes
- 6.2
- Transparent frames Yes
- Yes, but inflexible
- 6.2
- Graphic Frame Options
- 6.2
- Can link the same graphic between frames Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
- Precise positioning of graphic within frame Yes No
- 6.2
- Can rotate sprites Yes
- RISC-OS 3 only
- 6.2
- Can rotate text in drawfiles RISC-OS 3
- only RISC-OS 3 only
- 6.2
- Separate X and Y scales for graphic No
- Yes
- 6.2
- Lock aspect ratio of loaded graphic Yes No
- 6.2
- Fit graphic to frame Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
- Fit graphic to frame, retaining aspect ratio Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
- Master Page Options
- 6.2
- Number of master pages Unlimited
- One per chapter
- 6.2
- Different left/right pairs Yes No
- 6.2
- Vertical rules between columns Yes No
- 6.2
- Changes to master pages immediately
- 6.2
- reflected in the document (retro-active) Yes No
- 6.2
- File Options
- 6.2
- ‘Return’ stripper for loaded text Only with
- Supplement Yes
- 6.2
- Load 1st Word Plus Yes, via
- loader module Yes
- 6.2
- Load Basic, Acorn DTP, View,
- 6.2
- InterWord, Wordwise+ Yes, via
- loader modules No
- 6.2
- Load C source, CSV, PipeDream,
- 6.2
- Rich Text Format, WordPerfect, WordStar Only with
- Supplement No
- 6.2
- Revert to last saved version of document No
- Yes
- 6.2
- Auto-save Yes; optional prompt Yes
- 6.2
- Save marked text Yes; optional styles, etc Yes
- 6.2
- Save text story Yes; optional styles, etc Yes
- 6.2
- Save graphic Yes Yes
- 6.2
- Save stylesheet No Yes
- 6.2
-
- 6.2
- Spelling Checker Facilities (See also page 19)
- 6.2
- Size of dictionary (both can be expanded) 60,000 words
- 62,000‡
- 6.2
- Continuous spell-checking Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
- Check single word/entire text Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
- Other checking options: Entire text/
- from cursor Current story
- 6.2
- Spell-checker extra features:
- 6.2
- Guess nearest word Yes; two
- methods Yes
- 6.2
- Browse/Find word in list Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
- Add/Delete word Yes Yes
- 6.2
- Ignore word Yes; separate dictionary Yes
- 6.2
- Solve anagram Yes No
- 6.2
- Display total number of words in dictionary No
- Yes
- 6.2
- Export dictionary as text Only user
- dictionaries Yes (including main)
- 6.2
- User dictionaries associated with documents No
- Yes
- 6.2
- Updated dictionary prompts for saving No (but
- auto-saved on quit) Yes
- 6.2
- Dictionary of words to ignore when checking Yes No
- 6.2
- Abbreviation dict. with expand-as-you-type Yes No
- 6.2
- Hyphenation dictionary Yes
- Yes
- 6.2
- Hyphenation exception dictionary Yes
- Yes (but supplied empty)
- 6.2
- Definable minimum word-length for hyphens No
- Yes
- 6.2
- † Impression can only provide this if it is defined in a ‘style’; not
- as a stand-alone effect.
- 6.2
- ‡ Ovation’s dictionary is compatible with (and can be extended by)
- David Pilling’s MicroSpell 3, which costs only £6 and contains over
- 210,000 words.
- 6.2
- • In the Impression column ‘Only with Supplement’ means that the feature
- is only available to purchasers of the Impression Business Supplement.
- 6.2
- • In the Ovation column, ‘2Mb+’ means that the feature is only available
- to users with 2Mb or more RAM. Ovation comes with all the features
- provided but some features will not be available if there is only 1Mb
- RAM in the computer.
- 6.2
- This table is necessarily rather unwieldy, as both programs have an
- enormous range of facilities. At least it should be possible to answer
- most questions of comparison by looking under the relevant heading in
- the table.
- 6.2
- There are a number of points worth making which the table cannot put
- across. First of all, Impression is very fast and responds as fast as
- you can type. Whilst Ovation could hardly be described as slow (try
- comparing it with Acorn DTP...) it is noticeably more sluggish than
- Impression. The most irritating aspect of this is that you can click
- with the mouse to position the caret in a word, and if you move the
- mouse away before the caret has moved, it may follow your movement and
- appear in the wrong place − a minor point but one that frequently
- catches me.
- 6.2
- One big difference between the programs is the way they handle files.
- Ovation uses standard files, whereas Impression uses application
- directories containing many files and sub-directories. Both have their
- advantages. With Impression files, you can extract graphics without
- loading Impression. If a file becomes corrupted, you have more chance of
- saving at least some of it and, most importantly, there is no limit on
- file size, because parts of the document can be swapped in and out of
- memory. Therefore, you really can produce a whole book as one file if
- you so wish. The real disadvantage of using this method (apart from only
- having a 9-character filename to play with instead of 10) is that it is
- very wasteful of disc space. Even if you save a totally blank document
- from Impression, it will take up at least 8Kb on the disc. Ovation files
- are much more efficient, which is one of the main reasons I like to use
- Ovation for writing letters.
- 6.2
- One thing which irritates me about Impression is that if you have used a
- font in a document and subsequently remove it, the file will still have
- reference to the font (even though it isn’t used), and the computer will
- put up an error box when you reload the file, stating that the font
- cannot be found if it is no longer installed in the system. It seems
- impossible to remove references to old fonts when this happens. However,
- this is a trivial point which will probably not affect most users.
- 6.2
- In terms of printing, there is little to choose between the two for
- everyday work, although Impression has the edge with its ability to
- print several pages on one sheet, space permitting, with crop marks if
- desired. This makes the production of sheets of (perhaps numbered)
- tickets delightfully simple. For professional colour work, Impression is
- certainly much the better of the two in that it has comprehensive colour
- selection facilities in RGB, HSV and CMYK models, and works with 24-bit
- colours internally. However, this is probably overkill for most users.
- 6.2
- In relation to larger-scale work, Impression can (as mentioned above)
- handle documents of unlimited size and it is therefore very helpful that
- it has full contents and indexing facilities. These features are totally
- absent from Ovation, and make Impression the only choice for big
- documents such as books.
- 6.2
- Judging by the table of features, it would seem that both programs have
- broadly similar capabilities and ranges of features. Of course it’s not
- as simple as that. There are a few features in Impression which really
- stand out over Ovation and make it well worth the extra money if you
- need them. One of these is the unlimited document size. The other two
- most important facilities are the ability to use an unlimited number of
- styles within one paragraph and to combine styles (See my comment at the
- end Ed.), and the extremely flexible master page system which is retro-
- active; that is, if you make a change to a master page, all the pages in
- the document which are based on that master page will change too.
- 6.2
- There are various other useful and powerful frame options which I find
- invaluable, particularly the embedded frame option which allows you to
- have graphics flowing in amongst the text. It is also possible to group
- frames in Impression, like grouping objects in Draw. Ovation takes a
- different approach: if a frame falls wholly within another frame, it
- becomes a ‘child’ of the outer parent frame so that moving the outer
- frame will move all its dependent inner frames. This is slightly less
- flexible than Impression’s grouping but is much quicker and easier to
- use.
- 6.2
- Ovation has just one frame feature which is missing in Impression,
- although it is a fairly major one: the ability to have multiple columns
- in a single frame. Although it is, of course, possible to create columns
- with separate frames, Ovation’s clever feature means that if you resize
- the multi-column frame, the columns it contains will also resize
- themselves proportionally.
- 6.2
- As to the available text effects, it is Ovation which wins here. It has
- a very wide range of useful effects, and some of those which are
- available for immediate use in Ovation, are only available in Impression
- within styles, such as font aspect ratio. Whilst this does not matter as
- such, it is a nuisance to have to define a new style just to use a
- simple effect once. A particularly good effect for titles which Ovation
- has is ‘Small Caps’, which prints all lower-case letters as smaller
- versions of the capital letters. I wish Impression had this feature.
- 6.2
- Another useful capability which Ovation has is ‘Tracking’, where the
- amount of space between letters is altered. This is like kerning applied
- over a range of letters. This is available only as a local effect,
- though; there are no programs currently available for Acorn machines
- which apply letter spacing as an integral part of their justification
- procedures. (If you want to see the effect of tracking, look at the new
- format of Risc User. Although it is still produced on Macs, using Quark
- Express, it does use tracking. I personally prefer justification to be
- done by adding spaces between the words only and not between adjacent
- letters − but look at Risc User Volume 6, Issue 1 and judge for
- yourself. Ed)
- 6.2
- Impression, on the other hand, does have vertical kerning which I have
- found invaluable in the past. For example, I sometimes need to produce
- mathematical formulæ, but not often enough to warrant the purchase of
- Equasor. I have found that using the horizontal and vertical kerning in
- combination with EFF’s Maths fonts has allowed me to produce some very
- complex formulæ (including such things as sigma notation) which look as
- if they had been done with a specialist program.
- 6.2
- A major difference between the two packages is the way in which they
- handle fonts. Impression simply presents the usual font list, with
- submenus for the different styles. Ovation, on the other hand, weeds out
- the font names into groups it can differentiate between in terms of
- Regular, Italic, Bold and Bold Italic (regardless of whether they’re
- really called Medium or Book, Italic or Oblique, or whatever) and
- presents just the base-names in the menu. You select one of these family
- names as the font and the Bold or Italic attribute (or combination) can
- be applied as an effect. Whilst this method you cannot see exactly which
- fonts are available to you, it does have the enormous advantage that you
- can simply press <Ctrl-Shift-I> to toggle the italic version of whatever
- font you are using and, what’s more, if you have defined a style, then
- changing the font name will also change all the italic and bold font
- variants.
- 6.2
- The final major difference in approach concerns frame borders. Ovation
- simply uses sprites and some perfectly respectable borders can be
- produced this way; the borders can also be resized and re-coloured.
- However, sprite borders do not compare well with Impression’s drawfile
- borders when it comes to anything fancy. Although Impression cannot
- resize or re-colour its borders, they can be of very intricate design
- and always print to the best resolution of the printer. What’s more, you
- can have a different border on each of the four sides of a frame − this
- can produce some excellent effects and is very useful for quick and easy
- drop-shadows using only one frame. Of course, there are already hundreds
- of extra borders available for use with Impression.
- 6.2
- Other differences between the two programs are more subtle. The range of
- facilities Impression provides for handling frames and text repelling
- are extremely comprehensive; so much so that they may not often be
- needed by many people. It’s nice to have them there but for the most
- part, Ovation’s less extensive features in this area are perfectly
- adequate. Sometimes though, it will not do exactly what you want − which
- is almost never the case with Impression.
- 6.2
- Ovation does, of course, also have some line-drawing capabilities,
- whereas Impression does not provide any drawing facilities whatsoever.
- The line tool is very useful for putting arrows on diagrams, for
- example. Impression has a system of horizontal and vertical rules, which
- are good for making tables and separators but are not much use for
- anything else. You can use Ovation’s lines for drawing tables, of
- course, but if your text moves, you have to move the lines manually.
- Impression, on the other hand, moves the rules automatically.
- 6.2
- Ovation is currently the only DTP/word processing package to have a
- companion thesaurus program: Risc Developments’ Desktop Thesaurus. This
- is a stand-alone program (so it could be used with Impression) but it
- does provide a hotlink with Ovation so that a single keypress will bring
- up a list of alternatives for the word under the caret. This works very
- well indeed and it is just as if the thesaurus were part of Ovation
- itself. Despite some slightly negative comments about this thesaurus in
- a previous issue of Archive, I have found it to be a very convenient and
- useful little program, especially as my ‘real’ thesaurus is at the
- opposite end of the house from the computer room. Impression will gain a
- similar feature when Computer Concepts launch their own product, but
- this will not be for some time yet.
- 6.2
- So, which to buy? It all depends on your budget and what you want to
- produce; both packages are very solid and reliable, and both have a
- generous range of features. A major concern for many will be the price
- difference: from Archive, Impression costs £180, whereas Ovation costs
- £110. I have recently come into contact with two different opinions
- concerning Impression: one is that it is the only proper DTP package on
- the Archimedes; the other is that it is overpriced in comparison with
- Ovation. Neither view is fair. Firstly, Impression is a serious,
- professional piece of software of a quality comparable to programs
- costing over four times its price on other machines, so it can hardly be
- accused of being overpriced. Secondly, Ovation is also an extremely high
- quality product which is well worth consideration.
- 6.2
- In the final analysis, Impression is the more professional and capable
- of the two, and the one that I personally prefer; it will probably
- succeed in doing whatever you want it to do. This is not to denigrate
- Ovation at all; it does not have Impression’s most powerful features but
- it will be ample for the majority of users. At £110, it is also
- exceptional value for money, and I have no hesitation in recommending
- it. Prospective buyers should not worry about getting an under-powered
- program.
- 6.2
- If you are looking to produce professional colour work, large documents
- such as books and brochures, or you want the extremely comprehensive
- range of features (or even if you simply want outstanding speed) then
- you are looking at Impression. On the other hand, if you know your needs
- will not stretch to the dizzier heights, Ovation will probably be
- perfectly adequate. Both packages come with good supporting material,
- not least excellent manuals (although Ovation’s might have the edge
- here). However, in the presentation of the programs themselves,
- Impression certainly wins. Its design has had a lot of attention to
- detail put into it, and the on-screen presentation is extremely slick.
- It also has a nice, clear and simple menu structure. Ovation’s menu is
- quite cumbersome and its windows are rather sloppily laid out. However,
- these are purely cosmetic points. I do not wish to come down particu
- larly in favour of one product over the other, because both are
- excellent, and which to buy really depends on your budget and intended
- use. Do try to see a demonstration of each before deciding. A
- 6.2
- (Now it’s the Editor’s turn to add his two-penny-worth!... I think it is
- important to be clear about the differences in the way that the two
- programs deal with styles. Although I have never used Ovation, it uses
- the same style philosophy as Macs, which I used for several years before
- DTP on the Archimedes came of age.
- 6.2
- I found the Impression philosophy difficult to get used to at first
- after the Mac but, once I had gone through the un-learning/re-learning
- process, I could see considerable advantages. Let me try to explain the
- difference between the two philosophies.
- 6.2
- In Ovation, a style is a complete description of the characteristics of
- a paragraph, covering every factor that could be changed. In Impression,
- on the other hand, a style refers to a change in one or more of the
- characteristics of a piece of text. (Only the Base Style has to have a
- full description of every possible variable aspect of the text.)
- 6.2
- So, in Ovation, a given paragraph can only have one ‘style’ so that any
- variations within a paragraph have to be done by using local styles
- (what Impression calls ‘effects’) which therefore cannot be changed
- globally later − each occurrence has to be edited individually.
- 6.2
- In Impression, any piece of text can have any number of styles superim
- posed on it (remember that an Impression ‘style’ only describes a change
- in one or more characteristics and is not a full description as is an
- Ovation ‘style’). This means, for example, that you can have a style
- called ‘rule off’ whose sole characteristic is that it adds a rule-off
- line of a certain thickness after the paragraph. Now if you have, say,
- five basic styles of paragraph in a document, any of them can be ruled
- off by simply adding this style. Using the Mac/Ovation method, you would
- have to have ten different styles, each of five basic styles with and
- without rule-off.
- 6.2
- Having so many styles would be cumbersome, so you probably would not do
- it that way but would, perhaps, do it as a local style. The trouble is,
- if you then decided that the rule-off lines were too thick, you would
- have to go through them all and change them individually. No doubt Mac/
- Ovation users will have an answer for this particular example but the
- same sort of thing can be applied to a whole range of features that you
- might want to vary. For example, I have two styles called ‘no space’ and
- ‘top’ which simply reduce the space below and above a paragraph,
- respectively, to 0pt. So, again, I don’t need separate styles for each
- of the different types of paragraphs with and without a space after
- them. Also, if I want to change the overall layout, simple style changes
- will alter the whole of the document.
- 6.2
- The other major difference in style philosophy is that Ovation styles
- can only apply to complete paragraphs (which are defined as anything
- between two CRs, so it includes title lines and even blank lines)
- whereas Impression styles can apply to any area of text − even down to a
- single character. This means that even effects such as bold, italic,
- super-script, etc are in fact editable styles. So, having created a
- document, I could decide that all superscripted characters should be in
- a different font − one change on a style sheet and all the superscripts
- in the whole document are changed.
- 6.2
- Even single carriage returns can have a style in Impression! What is the
- point of that, you ask? To illustrate this, look at the format of this
- listing:
- 6.2
- 10 FOR N%=1TO10
- 6.2
- 20 PRINT “HELLO WORLD”
- 6.2
- 30 NEXT N%
- 6.2
- (I have deliberately exaggerated the inter-paragraph spacing so that you
- can see that the first two lines have no space after paragraph and the
- third line has a standard inter-paragraph space.)
- 6.2
- On the Mac, I used to have a ‘ProgText’ style with no space after
- paragraph and a ‘ProgTextEnd’ style which was based on ‘ProgText’ but
- had 6pt after paragraph. So I would mark the first two lines and make
- them ‘ProgText’ and then mark the last line and make it ‘ProgTextEnd’.
- 6.2
- In Impression, I have one style, ‘Program Text’, not two, and I make one
- style insertion to achieve the above result! How? I drag from the
- beginning of the first line to the end of the third line (i.e. not to
- the beginning of the following paragraph) and press <ctrl-shift-f7> and
- that’s it. The reason this works is that the carriage return on the last
- program line remains in base style and this maintains the spacing
- between the two paragraphs.
- 6.2
- I think, as I said, that this is more difficult to understand than the
- Mac/Ovation method but, once you have mastered it, it is simpler to put
- into practice and much more flexible in use.
- 6.2
- Some will argue that they don’t need Impression’s speed and flexibility
- but, in my view, it’s like having an ARM3 processor − the ARM2 was quite
- acceptable once but, having got used to using an ARM3, there is no way
- you would change back again! Ed.) A
- 6.2
- Using Ovation
- 6.2
- Maurice Edmundson
- 6.2
- Ovation is a high quality, professional DTP package and document
- processor from Risc Developments and it has recently been extended and
- enhanced. In my view it ranks amongst the best in its class especially
- in terms of processing power per pound! The Editor has agreed to allow
- me to edit an Ovation Column for the next few issues of the magazine
- which, hopefully, will be useful for old hands and newcomers alike. If
- you have any hints and tips or queries concerning the use of Ovation, I
- shall be pleased to hear from you c/o N.C.S.
- 6.2
- I won’t give an overview of the software but rather cover examples of
- its use in specific instances. Suffice it to say that it is a frame-
- based system which is as effective for writing day-to-day letters as it
- is for publishing an illustrated manual or book. (If you are unfamiliar
- with Ovation, I recommend that you write to Risc Developments − address
- inside the rear cover − and ask for a copy of the demonstration disc,
- mentioning this column in Archive. Please enclose £1 to cover costs of
- production and postage.)
- 6.2
- One of the nice features of Ovation is the useful tool box window always
- in view at the lower left of the screen. The chapter and page number are
- visible at a glance − particularly useful when working on a long
- document or book. The frame tools for text and pictures are instantly
- accessible and there is a superb line drawing tool which I will cover in
- more detail later. The linkage tool enables text to flow exactly as
- required, however complex the layout of the frames. I hope to give
- examples of using this at a later stage and perhaps you will be able to
- add to them.
- 6.2
- Ovation comes with eight fonts mostly based on classical font styles:
- 6.2
- Bookmark (Serifed face based on Bookman)
- 6.2
- Chaucer (Script similar to Zapf Chancery)
- 6.2
- Curator (Monospaced as in Courier)
- 6.2
- Paladin (Serifed face modelled on Palatino)
- 6.2
- SwissB (Sans serifed face similar to Helvetica)
- 6.2
- SymbolB (Symbols, greek letters, etc.)
- 6.2
- SystemB (Scalable look-alike to the mono-spaced system font in the
- Archimedes)
- 6.2
- Vogue (As Avant Garde − useful for small children and in primary school
- work)
- 6.2
- The main menu allows selection of a font plus choice of size, style,
- position, etc. There are two distinct methods, (1) by means of a set of
- pre-designed styles which you have chosen for regular use throughout the
- document, called “paragraph styles”, and (2) by a group of options which
- you can use at any time within a document without having to set up a
- particular style in advance. These are called “local styles”. This dual
- system is easy to use and gives great flexibility. A point not to
- overlook is that in Ovation “paragraph style” refers to any block of
- text which ends with a carriage return. It could therefore refer to just
- one word or a whole paragraph. Hence, a paragraph style can be used for
- headings and sub-headings since these invariably occupy a line to
- themselves, with a carriage return at the end. It is also used to define
- body text − the style in use for the main body of the writing. If you
- want to modify one or several words within a line of text, use local
- styles.
- 6.2
- Adopting a planned routine simplifies the task. Here is an example for
- inserting a local style. Suppose you want to change the word “slant” in
- this sentence, to be 18 point italic Vogue. Use the mouse to highlight
- the word, then call up the main menu and slide across from ‘Font’. A
- window appears listing all the fonts currently in your !Font directory.
- Select Vogue using <adjust> (a tick will appear to the left) then from
- the main menu slide along ‘Size’ and choose 18pt again using <adjust>
- (there is also an option to have any point size you want) and finally
- from the main menu slide along ‘Style’ and select italic. This final
- choice should be made with <select>. If you had required bold italic,
- then you would have chosen bold with <adjust> and finally italic with
- select. The rule is that the final choice (using <select>) confirms all
- the choices made and clears the menu window. ‘Format’ is always chosen
- and selected separately.
- 6.2
- It is helpful to customise your copy of Ovation so that it starts up
- with all the features which you prefer to have available immediately. My
- preferences are as follows: (I am assuming Ovation is on a hard disc but
- floppy disc users can easily amend the descriptions to suit.) Load
- Ovation then click on the iconbar icon and select ‘New Document’. Now
- select all the various parameters. In my case, I have chosen A4
- portrait, top margin 15mm, bottom margin 20mm, left and right margins
- 12mm, one column. (With one column, ‘gutter’ is irrelevant since, in
- Ovation, it means the gap between columns.) Clicking on OK then brings
- up the first blank document window. Now make a choice of the fonts and
- styles which you feel will be most used in general documentation.
- 6.2
- Ovation comes with 12pt SwissB allocated for Body Text. Now I prefer a
- serifed font for Body Text since, at sizes around 10pt − 12pt (which the
- main text usually is), I feel that a serif font is more legible.
- Therefore, I select ‘Paragraph Style’ from the main menu and, in the
- ‘Define Style’ window, click on ‘Edit Style’. Clicking <menu> brings up
- the font choices. I choose Paladin; 11pt; normal text; using <select> at
- the end to confirm the choices and finally clicking on OK to save the
- selection. Finally, from ‘Format’ I choose left (if you prefer tidy
- right margins choose justify) and click on OK again. For the moment, all
- other parameters are left as given. They are all visible in the large
- lower window of the dialogue box.
- 6.2
- It is useful to have one or two other typefaces ready within paragraph
- styles suitable for headings and sub-headings. They aren’t often used in
- correspondence, but odd jobs are always coming along where it is helpful
- to have them handy. eg. 18pt sans-serif bold centre-justified for main
- headings and 16pt sans-serif bold left-justified for sub-headings. Click
- on ‘Edit Style’ and then on ‘New’ in the ‘Define’ window. This brings up
- the dialogue box in which you enter the name of the new style say Main
- Head. Ignore the line “Based on . .” since it is not helpful here. Click
- on OK. The new name is now written into the styles box and is high
- lighted. Using <menu>, bring up the font choices window and slide along
- Font to select SwissB as previously described. Repeat for Size − 18pt
- and Bold using <adjust> until the last one. After the last selection,
- all your choices will be visible in the lower window. Go back to
- ‘Format’ and choose Centre. Finally click on OK to fix all the choices.
- When you next call up Paragraph Styles, you will see two − Body Text and
- Main Head. Repeat the whole process to obtain a third called Sub-Head
- using 16pt. bold SwissB, formatted left.
- 6.2
- We now use another of Ovation’s useful features − the StyleSheet − but,
- in this case, one given a special name. From the main menu select ‘File’
- and then ‘Save Stylesheet’. Clear the writable box and enter the name
- ‘Default’. Bring up the !Ovation application on the hard disc and open
- the application directory window by clicking on the icon with <shift>
- depressed. Now drag the new Stylesheet icon into this window so that the
- file ‘Default’ is saved there. From now on, when Ovation is first
- loaded, it will bring up your own customised document window with all
- your styles in place ready to go.
- 6.2
- Other style sheets can be saved, suitably named, in a disc directory
- (labelled, for example, “Masters”) with any combination of page layout,
- type styles, etc. you wish. Thus a library of stylesheets for different
- jobs can be saved and any one brought into play as required by selecting
- it once Ovation is loaded onto the iconbar. A
- 6.2
- Hardware Column
- 6.2
- Brian Cowan
- 6.2
- Fax facts
- 6.2
- The Computer Concepts’ FAXpack has a most impressive specification.
- While I am sure the price represents very good value for money, the
- price is really such that only “serious” users can afford it. And,
- unfortunately, I cannot count myself in the list of such serious people.
- However, I do possess a modem and I always thought that, given the right
- software, this should be able to transmit and receive fax documents.
- Readers may have seen the recent advertisements from David Pilling for
- his ArcFax software pack − I thought my luck was in. I wrote to Mr
- Pilling, asking him if my modem was suitable for his software. His
- answer was most informative.
- 6.2
- In short, you need a special type of modem for fax operation, and my
- Miracom WS3000 is not suitable. It appears that fax and data modems work
- according to different standards. Data modems commonly support the Hayes
- AT command set. Mr Pilling explains that fax/data modems extend this to
- “Class 1” and “Class 2”. Currently, ArcFax supports Class 2 but it is
- expected that it a Class 1 driver will appear soon. Although my WS3000
- modem is not suitable, there is an increasing number of cheap fax/data
- modems available, aimed at the PC market. So, if you want to use the
- ArcFax software, which seems good value at £23.96, then you must be sure
- to purchase a Class 2 fax modem. If anyone has experience of one of
- these, perhaps they will let me know.
- 6.2
- A4 comments
- 6.2
- I continue to be thrilled by my A4. It still hangs up for a rest from
- time to time − does any one else have this problem? You will be
- surprised at my reason for liking to use a portable in general and the
- A4 in particular. It is not so much the portability but the silence! I
- had become used to a computer with a noisy fan and a Syquest with an
- even noisier one. Reference to the Syquest is really not fair because it
- is simply that, at the moment, I can’t use a Syquest on the A4. However,
- the silence is wonderful.
- 6.2
- I suppose things will change when I receive my beta test version of
- RemoteFS but, as yet, it has not arrived. However, particularly for
- people with access to more than one ARM computer, this looks as if it
- will become an essential piece of software.
- 6.2
- Last month, I questioned the lifetime of the battery. It appears that
- this is supposed to be between two and a half to three and a half hours.
- For the first few days I was using the machine unplugged, but I soon
- learned not to do that. I have now made myself a long extension lead for
- the power connector (some 3m. long) and I can now sit comfortably
- watching the television or whatever while I tap away. If you are
- planning on making such a lead, do ensure the current capability is
- adequate. I guess there is a difference whether it is just used for
- trickle charge or not.
- 6.2
- A problem that I still have not got sorted is using an external monitor
- and switching between internal and external screen. The manual is not
- all that much help although there are a few comments on the Release
- Note.
- 6.2
- As was noted in the review of the A4 in Archive, a serious problem is
- the disappearance of the pointer when it is moved fast: particularly
- Impression’s movable caret. The problem of the awkward position of the
- delete key is, I think, reduced drastically in RISC-OS 3, where the
- (conveniently placed) backspace key performs even more of the functions
- of the delete key. I would really like some more responsive implementa
- tion of the keyboard mouse emulation, but I don’t know what! A
- 6.2
- Cross-Fire
- 6.2
- Jahinder Singh
- 6.2
- Cross-Fire by 4th Dimension is described as a ‘highly addictive classic
- arcade action’ game. The object of the game is to shoot anything that
- moves and collect bonuses − all based around a grid type battle arena.
- At times, the number of menacing aliens can become quite formidable.
- However, at your disposal is an awesome array of fire power.
- 6.2
- There are three types of bombs that you can fire − normal bombs, Split
- bombs and Regen bombs. These have different strengths; a normal bomb has
- the strength to kill the most basic of alien type known as a Henry,
- whereas a Regen bomb is about five times stronger. A Zap wipes out every
- alien currently on the sector. Both the Regen bombs and Zaps are
- collectable, with a maximum of nine at any one time.
- 6.2
- Extra fuel bonuses are also collectable − activation of the shields is
- only possible if you have enough fuel. The shields give you an inde
- structible shimmering layer of blue energy. An area of the screen known
- as the ‘Status Panel’ keeps you constantly informed of the number of
- bombs currently held, fuel remaining, etc.
- 6.2
- The opposition
- 6.2
- X-Fire features a number of different types of alien that come after you
- with the sole intention of making your life difficult. The following
- briefly describes some of the enemy:
- 6.2
- Henry − The Henry is the least of your troubles. It has no fire power or
- armour but it can be a problem in large numbers.
- 6.2
- JCB − These are slower than Henries, but they take a different approach
- in tracking you down. They are indestructible from the front due to
- heavy armour.
- 6.2
- Pod − These move around very quickly and apparently randomly. When
- terminated, they release four more aliens.
- 6.2
- Miner − These rocket across the screen in one direction leaving a trail
- of deadly mines in their wake. (Warning! There can be several mines on
- top of one another!)
- 6.2
- Unknown Aliens − Towards the later stages of the game, other alien life
- forms exist.
- 6.2
- Bonuses
- 6.2
- There are variety of bonuses that can be picked up to increase your
- chances of survival.
- 6.2
- Cross fire − This allows you to fire in all four directions at once.
- While in effect, you do not have to specify a firing direction.
- 6.2
- Rapid fire − This doubles your fire rate.
- 6.2
- Split bombs − This gives you substantial fire power, these bombs release
- three normal bombs when they fly past a junction.
- 6.2
- It is possible to combine these three bonuses, the result is WIPE OUT.
- 6.2
- Double score − Guess !
- 6.2
- Indestructible − Shields are activated for ten seconds, rendering you
- indestructible, without using any of your fuel reserve.
- 6.2
- Fuel − Increases fuel reserves by about a quarter.
- 6.2
- Reflector shields − This gives you rotating shields that reflect alien
- bombs.
- 6.2
- Additional Regen bomb and Zap bonuses are also available.
- 6.2
- The package
- 6.2
- The game comes in an attractive plastic case which contains two discs
- and an eight page manual. The game will run on all Archimedes machines
- and installs in the normal manner.
- 6.2
- Conclusions
- 6.2
- X-Fire is a good shoot-em-up game and certainly presents a good
- challenge. The graphics are good, with some excellent special effects.
- Its specification includes, 256 colour mode 13 graphics, up to 200
- objects on screen and lots of high quality sampled sounds. It is
- available through NCS priced at £24. A
- 6.2
- Language Column
- 6.2
- David Wild
- 6.2
- Pascal Language Forum
- 6.2
- The day I posted the article for the October issue of Archive, I came
- home to find a letter telling me that the Pascal Language Forum was
- being wound up in November because of lack of support. In many ways I’m
- not surprised, as established languages don’t really need support
- groups. My main reason for joining was to get the magazine ‘Computer
- Language’ and when this was dropped I was already thinking of not
- renewing my membership.
- 6.2
- DDE Pascal
- 6.2
- I have continued experimenting with this program and have been able to
- find out one or two more features which are not really covered in the
- documentation.
- 6.2
- I have been able to produce static variables, but only in an external
- module, and I haven’t yet found any way of giving them initial values.
- Such a method would be useful and especially so with boolean variables
- that can record whether or not a procedure has already been called and
- start an initialisation routine if not. What I have done instead is to
- use a string variable and test if it is equal to some value which is not
- likely to be in memory by accident (such as ‘first’) and then assign
- that value before subsequent calls. While this works, it is not ideal
- and I notice that ‘C’ itself, with which this compiler is closely
- associated, allows for the initialisation of variables and arrays. If
- anyone has worked out how to do it I would be very pleased to hear from
- them.
- 6.2
- I compiled some procedures as external modules and combined them into a
- library using the !Librfile utility. When I entered the name of the
- library against the ‘libraries’ option on the compiler menu, I found
- that the compiler would not find the library ‘plib’ even if it too was
- specified. This did seem rather awkward but I found that if I dragged
- the library into the same box as the source to be compiled, everything
- worked properly. You don’t actually need to put the code into a library
- as you can drag individual ‘aof’ files into the compiler in exactly the
- same way but the library method is tidier.
- 6.2
- Creating a module is very easy but the way it is done is slightly
- different from ISO-Pascal. The relevant routines must be declared twice,
- once as an ‘extern’ routine with the full parameter details, and again
- where the body of the routine comes in the code. According to the rules,
- you don’t need the parameter details again but it is helpful for
- maintenance if you put them in as a comment. An example module is:-
- 6.2
- procedure centrestring(stname : packed array[one..stlen : integer] of
- char;length : integer); extern;
- 6.2
- procedure centrestring{“paraindent” On} array[one..stlen : integer]
- of char;length : integer)};
- 6.2
- var
- 6.2
- i : integer;
- 6.2
- begin
- 6.2
- for i := one to (length - stlen) div 2 do
- 6.2
- write(output,‘ ’);
- 6.2
- for i := one to stlen do
- 6.2
- write(output,stname[i])
- 6.2
- end; {centre string}
- 6.2
- When you compile a program, the object code goes automatically into the
- ‘o’ directory, while the linked program is presented in a save box for
- you to put where you want. However, if you are producing a module, and
- ask for the ‘compile only’ option, the object code is presented in a
- save box instead. In both cases, the default save is to the main
- directory in which the ‘p’ and ‘o’ directories are found. It is not
- difficult to edit the file name to include the ‘.o.’ but it would have
- been useful if the compiled code still went into the ‘o’ directory by
- default.
- 6.2
- I have managed to use several of the functions from the ‘C’ library and
- found that they worked correctly although there were one or two
- interesting discoveries. Some of the ‘C’ functions are defined to work
- on strings and so I tried using the Pascal extension ‘string’ type and
- found that the functions gave an error because of a type mismatch. To
- eliminate the error, I had to define the data as ‘packed array[1..n] of
- char’ as you would do in ISO-Pascal. The ‘C’ character functions worked
- correctly on Pascal ‘char’ types and should be very useful for many jobs
- which involve text processing.
- 6.2
- Someone wrote to the Editor saying that he was getting the message
- ‘library plib is corrupt’ and that he was unable to clear it. When I
- spoke to him, it turned out that he was using release 3, not 4, of the
- ‘C’ compiler − I can only presume that this was the cause of the
- problem. He argued, quite reasonably, that the linker ought to link any
- modules which conform to the correct format but there does seem to be an
- exception here. Once again, if anyone can shed any light, I would be
- very pleased to hear from them.
- 6.2
- I noticed the remarks, and sample program, from Brian Wichmann in
- Archive 6.1 p10 and can confirm that there is no set type checking on
- integers. If you find any other instances of the compiler not working
- correctly, please let me know and I can keep a list of problems and
- possible solutions for them. It is rather disappointing that Acorn are
- so defensive about the compiler: presumably someone was paid to write it
- and would like to be proud of it. I wouldn’t expect to do better than
- get my money back for any compiler that was unsatisfactory, so they are
- not likely to get massive claims! It might be better if we were asked to
- pay a reasonable price and get some support.
- 6.2
- Illustrating C
- 6.2
- In Dillon’s the other day, I came across a copy of ‘Illustrating C’ by
- Donald Alcock; published by Cambridge University Press at £12.95. This
- is the latest in the series of language books written, and illustrated
- by Alcock. I have started to work my way through it and, although it
- isn’t converting me into a ‘C’ user, I am sure that I already have a
- much better understanding of the language than I had before.
- 6.2
- The book has many example programs, with a little screen illustration
- for each showing the output, and I think that it ought to be very
- valuable for anyone having to learn ‘C’ from scratch.
- 6.2
- Not unreasonably, I have typed some of these programs in and compiled
- them. One of the earliest programs in the book caused me some problems
- and I would like to know why. The program is:-
- 6.2
- #include <stdio.h>
- 6.2
- #include <math.h>
- 6.2
- int main(void)
- 6.2
- {p , Rpct, R, M;
- 6.2
- int N;
- 6.2
- printf( “\nEnter: Principal, Rate%, No. of yrs.\n);
- 6.2
- scanf(“%f %f %i, &P, &Rpct, &N );
- 6.2
- R = Rpct / 100;
- 6.2
- M = P * R * pow(1+R,N)/(12*(pow(1 +R,N)-1));
- 6.2
- printf(“\n£%1.2f,@%1.2f %% costs £%1.2f over %i years”,
- 6.2
- P,Rpct,M,N);
- 6.2
- printf(“\nPayments will total £%1.2f,12*M*N);
- 6.2
- return o;
- 6.2
- }
- 6.2
- I had two problems. Firstly, it wouldn’t compile until I brought the
- ‘pow(1+R,N)’ out to a single variable on a previous line and there were
- messages about lack of precision, although the answer was correct.
- Secondly, when I looked in the ‘C’ manual, I noticed that the ‘pow’
- function was defined as ‘double’ rather than float and so I changed the
- program to suit and then found that I got answers that were much too
- big. What did I do wrong? A
- 6.2
- Monochrome Mug Challenge
- 6.2
- Robert Chrismas
- 6.2
- What’s black and white and stands out in a crowd?
- 6.2
- Colton Software was showing an exciting new product at the Acorn User
- Show. Occupying pride of place on their busy stand was a pyramid of
- ‘Word’ mugs.
- 6.2
- With these mugs, Colton Software have shown a complete disdain for the
- 24-bit colour controversy. They have gone to one-bit colour − black with
- white lettering. As Colton say ‘White on black to stand out in a crowd’.
- One delighted spectator exclaimed ‘just like the old BBCs’. (Hands up if
- you want an apostrophe before the ‘s’.) Is Colton playing the nostalgia
- card?
- 6.2
- The mugs have the same striking design back and front − ideal for left
- handers. It is the first time I have seen an attempt to protect a logo
- both as a trade mark and with copyright legislation.
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- By a strange coincidence, the lettering on the mug spells out ‘Wordz’
- which is also the name of the new word processor which Colton is
- developing (less than £100, available first quarter 1993). ‘Drank from
- the mug, now try the program’ − the paperback and the film are both
- scheduled for ‘the second quarter of the 21st century’.
- 6.2
- They say that the mug, available now, is 100% WYSIWYD (what you see is
- what you drink), RISC-OS compatible, bug free when washed, definitely
- ozone friendly and a snip at £2.85 inc. VAT and pp. All of which is
- true, but I’ve been using it for a week now and I haven’t even seen the
- high score table yet.
- 6.2
- There is also a cheap plastic key ring, which I tried to lose on the
- underground but couldn’t, and a plastic bag with laterally opposed
- handles and a generous internal storage area which comes in a fetching
- lifeboat crew orange (should come in handy if ever I need to flag down a
- passing helicopter).
- 6.2
- The pre-release version of the word processor looked very attractive,
- but if the name is anything to go by, the spelling checker won’t be much
- cop.
- 6.2
- Provided I get to review it, I’ll give £5 to any charity Colton care to
- name for every £1 under £100 (inc VAT? Ed) which Wordz costs. A
- 6.2
- Pesky Muskrats
- 6.2
- Rob Wears
- 6.2
- If you are one of those people who enjoys deliberately directing those
- hapless Lemmings to their doom, just for the pleasure of hearing them
- squeak, then this game will probably appeal to you. The problem with
- Muskrats, we are told, is that they breed like, well, err.... muskrats,
- actually. To be honest, I’ve never heard of anything that breeds as well
- as these creatures, who simply have to pass each other in the street...
- and there is a small baby Muskrat (complete with nappy) bounding along
- between them! They make locusts look like complete amateurs. Your job is
- to prevent a Muskrat population explosion by preventing them from
- breeding. Of course, the only Muskrat that doesn’t breed is a dead
- Muskrat, so you will have plenty of fun attempting to massacre the happy
- chappies before the population explodes.
- 6.2
- The game is supplied on two discs which are copy protected. Coin Age
- include a notice in the packaging saying that they will replace a disc
- free of charge should it become faulty for any reason whatsoever
- (presumably including its inadvertent use as a coffee mug place mat).
- However, the game will not load onto a hard disc and I find this
- irritating because the game involves some serious disc swapping between
- levels but, in view of the investment Coin Age must have in the game,
- attempts at protection are understandable.
- 6.2
- The game does not multi-task, but that is not really a problem. The
- opening titles include the instructions, and a severe warning about
- software piracy, but these can be skipped once you know what you’re
- doing. The quality of the graphics and sound is excellent.
- 6.2
- The game itself is played on a password and level basis, with each level
- having three sub-levels to be completed before the next password is
- given. The only difference between the sub-levels is that the initial
- number and speed of the Muskrats increase. You are given a limited
- supply of bottles of poison, bombs and bricks with which you must
- massacre the Muskies. Initially, there’s plenty of poison to go round
- and the game seems quite dull. However, that changes rapidly as the game
- progresses. Suddenly there is nowhere near enough poison to go round and
- you must use the bombs (which blow up scenery but not Muskrats) and
- bricks to direct the Muskrats to some lethal part of the scenery (such
- as a large heavy dinosaur). When killed, the Muskrat squeaks and a
- little Muskrat ghost floats up to the top of the screen.
- 6.2
- Each screen is timed by a small fly evading a large lizard at the bottom
- of the display − when the fly gets eaten, your time is up. It might all
- sound a bit dull, but placing the bricks is quite tricky, and blowing up
- the scenery can leave tiny, almost invisible pieces behind which still
- act as obstructions to the Muskrats. To make matters worse, periodi
- cally, a caped SuperMuskrat whizzes across the screen and spoils your
- aim by moving the cursor.
- 6.2
- There is plenty of frustration, challenge and dark humour to keep people
- interested but I cannot help but feel that the game lacks that vital
- something that will make it a runaway success. For me, it is spoiled by
- an unnecessarily complicated user interface, typified by the cumbersome
- method of weapons selection. This consists of selecting a menu (pausing
- the game automatically) and choosing from one of three options. If you
- choose the bricks, fine − you can keep on laying bricks until you run
- out. However, you have to go back to the menu every time you want a new
- bomb or bottle of poison and this makes the game rather disjointed. It
- also requires a frustrating number of mouse clicks to move the game on
- between sub-levels and if you complete two sub-levels easily but die
- three times on the third, you have re-enter your original password and
- go through the first two sub-levels again.
- 6.2
- Comparisons with Lemmings are probably inevitable. If you can afford to
- buy both, do so as both have their own particular charms. If you can
- only afford one, my choice would be Lemmings. A
- 6.2
- (More) Design Concept Fonts
- 6.2
- Dave Wilcox
- 6.2
- Font families are items we never seem to have enough of. Up until now,
- the only company really producing ornate fonts has been the Electronic
- Font Foundry who, as of August, were charging £10 (minimum) for a font.
- This is disregarding their August sale prices where they were giving a
- 50% discount on selected fonts.
- 6.2
- Enter Design Concept. This Company has started to compete with EFF with
- one very distinct advantage − their costing. Fonts are now easily and
- cheaply available to everybody. Design Concept charge £2.50 for any one
- font followed by £1.50 for every additional member of the same family.
- (Site licences being available at twice the cost of the fonts, if
- required.)
- 6.2
- Your choice
- 6.2
- You have a choice of the following currently available fonts:
- 6.2
- Acropolis, Ainslie (Med., Med.Oblique, Bold, Bold Obl., Ultra, Ultra
- Obl.), Beacon (Med., Med.Obl.), Celtic (Med., Med.Obl., Bold, Bold
- Obl.), Chinese, Copperplate (Light, Med., Bold), Diamond, Flip, Goffik,
- Hobart (Med., Demibold, Obl., DemiBold Obl.), Katiyo (Med., Med.Obl.,
- Bold, Bold Obl., Ultra, Ultra Obl.), Khut (Med., Med.Obl.), LCD (Med.,
- Med.Obl.) Penny (Med., Med.Obl.), Scrawl, Sparta (Med., Bold, Obl., Bold
- Obl.), Subway, Tron (Med., Med.Obl.), and Trust (Med., Solid, Med.Obl.,
- Solid Obl.).
- 6.2
- Here are some selected examples of some of the above:
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- What you get
- 6.2
- When you order your fonts, your disc is constructed with your selection
- of fonts placed into a directory called ‘!MoreFonts’. This directory is
- written to run under RISC-OS 3 as an independent font directory. If,
- like most of us, you still have RISC-OS 2, just transfer the fonts out
- of !MoreFonts into your own fonts directory − !Fonts.
- 6.2
- It would appear to be dependent upon the disc space available and the
- amount of money you spend, what else appears on this disc. Design
- Concept have a selection of cheaply priced utility programs, PD items
- and two directories of Impression text files, one describing the design
- of fonts (as per Archive’s new series of articles), the other giving the
- instruction manuals for their software. (The latter is only available if
- you spend over £30 or are the holder of a site licence.)
- 6.2
- The fonts themselves
- 6.2
- The majority of these fonts are ornate in design and, as such, are only
- designed for use normally in one-line displays rather than for body
- text. All fonts are designed to work fully with the Acorn Font Manager
- and no problems were encountered loading them into any application. Once
- loaded, the fonts are fully scalable, being designed with skeleton
- lining ensures there is little loss of definition in the fonts when
- reduced to the smaller sizes. Many of these fonts also use the scaffold
- ing feature which helps to keep a balanced and symmetrical shape to
- characters.
- 6.2
- The majority of the fonts have the special characters defined. As some
- of these sets have been improved from earlier versions, perhaps the full
- set of most will follow in due course. Design Concept do stress in the
- front of their catalogue that these fonts are NOT PostScript compatible
- but, on the A5000, they can be used as such on local PostScript printers
- by using !FontPrint. (This is now available on all Acorn 32-bit computer
- using RISC-OS 3.1 − if you can get hold of it! Ed.)
- 6.2
- Conclusion
- 6.2
- Design Concept is, in my view, a company to keep an eye on. They have
- some good products, with an increasing range to choose from. They have a
- good and realistic price structure and there is now no reason for anyone
- to struggle to obtain good fonts whatever their budget. A
- 6.2
- The Crystal Rain Forest
- 6.2
- Hilary Ferns
- 6.2
- This is from Sherston Software and is described as a ‘Mathematical
- Adventure into Logo’. It is aimed at middle to upper junior children
- (Y5-6) and provides an excellent, stimulating introduction to Logo and
- other similar languages.
- 6.2
- The program takes over the full screen but returning to the desktop is a
- simple matter of pressing <Ctrl-Q> at certain points during the
- adventure. The graphics and sound effects are good and all writing on
- the screen is in a clear font which is provided on the disc. Eight logo
- challenges are provided during the course of the adventure, some of
- which also include simple concepts of shape and algebra.
- 6.2
- Although the main storyline is purely fictional, (the aim is to find
- magic crystals to produce a medicine to cure the king and so save the
- rain forest from destruction by the ‘cut and run’ gang), the setting for
- the adventure is a tropical rain forest and the package could be
- introduced in the classroom as part of a rain forest topic.
- 6.2
- An excellent Teachers’ book is provided which gives clear instructions
- for using the program and lots of ideas for further work across the
- whole curriculum.
- 6.2
- The program continues across four discs and all except the key disc can
- be copied to either hard disc or floppies. The key disc is always needed
- to start the program and contains the Crystal Logo language. (A backup
- copy of the key disc can be obtained from Sherston for a small charge.)
- The program runs perfectly adequately from floppies, there being clear
- prompts to change to the next disc in the sequence. A further disc is
- needed to save the children’s work.
- 6.2
- The icon on the iconbar provides a teachers’ set-up menu, and the
- program can be started at any stage in the adventure. Each child’s place
- can be saved to disc until next time, thus obviating the need to finish
- the whole program at one session. It is therefore easy to just load the
- Crystal Logo program without doing the actual adventure.
- 6.2
- Crystal Logo provides a set of commands including the ‘Build’ command to
- define your own routines. The idea is to draw crystal shapes but of
- course the language can be used to produce any design, picture, etc. The
- pictures can be coloured very simply by clicking on your choices and
- then saved as sprites so that they can be imported into other programs.
- 6.2
- Any of the screens in the program can be printed, as well as the logo
- designs. The program uses RISC-OS printer drivers but this is where I
- had problems. Using a Star LC10 colour printer with the appropriate Ace
- printer driver, it would not print, but with my Hewlett Packard Deskjet
- with appropriate driver, it did!
- 6.2
- I then contacted Ace Computing and Sherston Software, both of whom were
- most helpful. Apparently all version 2 printer drivers will work, as
- will all version 3 drivers (A5000 only), but not version 1 printer
- drivers. Since the majority of schools probably have version 1, this is
- not good news. (There is no version 2 of the LC10 driver.) However,
- Sherston are in the process of upgrading the program to iron out a few
- minor bugs and have assured us that the new version will provide for all
- printer drivers. So, when ordering, be sure to check which version you
- are getting!
- 6.2
- With the printing problem resolved, I would thoroughly recommend the
- program for use in the classroom and the home. Logo has an important
- place in the IT National Curriculum and Crystal Rain Forest presents
- this in a new and exciting way which is greatly appealing to children.
- 6.2
- (This review was based on The Crystal Rain Forest Version 1.00) A
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- Econet Column
- 6.2
- Neil Berry
- 6.2
- As promised last month, I have decided to enter the precarious area of
- predictions − specifically about the future of the Archimedes within a
- networked environment.
- 6.2
- It has, in the past, looked as if Econet was here to stay and the Acorn
- machines would be ‘trapped’ within their own little world of non-
- standard networking protocols. ‘That’s no longer the case!’, I hear you
- cry but, if you stop to think for a moment, you will see that we are
- perhaps not as far advanced as you may have thought.
- 6.2
- Obviously, we are no longer in the dark ages, using Level I and II
- fileservers running from floppy discs on BBC micros or Atoms, but there
- are still a large number of institutions that use Filestore systems.
- This is now becoming less and less common, with the coming of the most
- excellent Archimedes but, even now, most Archimedes are restricted in
- their use by the very thing that joins them together − Econet cable.
- 6.2
- On many modern PC machines, Novell Netware is used as the controlling
- protocol, over an Ethernet network and the high speed cable, driven by
- Ethernet cards. The simple network protocols allow very rapid communi
- cation between machines and fileservers. One problem with Econet has
- always been the use of Acorn’s own complex in-house protocols which,
- while not complex when compared to many modern systems, were cumbersome
- to use properly, and drastically restricted the data transmission rates.
- Even now, on a network that only has Archimedes machines on it, the
- fastest mark space ratio is 1:4 which equates to a data transfer rate of
- 200kHz, which is slow by anybody’s standards in this day and age.
- 6.2
- There are lots of systems available now such as Nexus, etc, that will
- allow very high data transfer rates, and Level IV improves things no
- end. So, what’s the problem?
- 6.2
- Well, the main problem, as I see it, is the amount of existing invest
- ment in Acorn Econet based networking. Most Econet installations reside
- in educational institutions and there are limited funds available for
- computing hardware and software. So, when a school has installed a large
- scale Econet cabling system, it is virtually impossible for it to change
- over, wholesale, to a faster system such as Ethernet, or even Nexus. The
- sheer costs involved make many people simply dismiss them as impossible
- dreams.
- 6.2
- Level IV is a step in the right direction but it still uses Acorn’s
- original protocol system and, more importantly, Econet cable. However,
- if you are able to have a ratio of about five machines to every Level IV
- server, the speeds available over such a short network distance are
- quite reasonable.
- 6.2
- I wouldn’t like anyone to think that I am picking on Acorn in this
- article but they are the originators of the Econet system and so I feel
- that much of the attention should be directed towards them, although
- many other companies who jumped on the Econet bandwagon have, perhaps,
- just as much to answer for.
- 6.2
- I must make it clear at this point that I have always enjoyed using
- Acorn computers and not until the last few years have I found the
- networking system particularly restrictive. The simple fact of the
- matter is that, with the coming of the Archimedes computers, Acorn have
- now really plumped for the serious end-user market which expects very
- high performance machines with the ability to link them in such a way
- that it matches the performance of the machine and Econet or Econet-
- based products simply do not allow this.
- 6.2
- Cross-system compatibility
- 6.2
- At this point, it would be worth thinking about cross-system compatibil
- ity within the ‘serious machine’ market. Until very recently, computing
- giants such as IBM and DEC have cornered the markets for this type of
- machine and the hardware that links them all together. IBM, of course,
- had their MS-DOS standard which, in my opinion, is possibly the most
- cumbersome and unhelpful operating system ever devised.
- 6.2
- (As the old joke says: How many IBM engineers does it take to screw in a
- light bulb? None. They just let Marketing explain that “Dead Bulb” is a
- feature!)
- 6.2
- Be that as it may, the fact is that IBM have dominated the scene for so
- long now, that people have really given up the idea of trying to produce
- anything themselves. Only recently have newer smaller companies come
- into the fray − Apple, for example, which, even though it is now a large
- company, still has a small company ethos.
- 6.2
- Acorn has now entered this market with the introduction of its ARM-based
- machines and success has mainly been built on the radical and innovative
- design and use of the RISC chip. This is demonstrated (with ironic
- overtones) by the fact that Apple has now invested in the same RISC
- computer technology − for its portable range of computers. (IBM are
- working on RISC systems, too! Ed.)
- 6.2
- All of this means that, until very recently, anyone who wanted to
- communicate with other machines had to use an IBM protocol system, no
- matter how badly conceived it was in the first place. It is now becoming
- very obvious that UNIX is rapidly taking over as the industry standard
- operating system, which is presumably why Acorn released the R140.
- 6.2
- Acorn have released their own multi-tasking version of TCP/IP, which
- really looked as if it would become the inter-network communication
- standard. Even this looks like being overtaken by OSI (Open Systems
- Interconnection) which is basically an ‘enriched’ version of TCP/IP and
- which will be fully downwards-compatible.
- 6.2
- A good concise explanation of OSI was given in Ian Lynch’s article in
- Archive 3.9 p25 under the title “Connectivity”. As Ian states in his
- article, Acorn must be prepared to embrace these open standards or die,
- and they must also be prepared to price their machines very carefully to
- avoid losing out to the larger computer manufacturers.
- 6.2
- Acorn seem to have started going in the right direction with the release
- of AUN (Acorn Universal Networking) which has been launched under their
- open networking strategy. AUN provides a RISC-based gateway onto a
- campus-wide network of Ethernet machines, using a RISC-OS computer as a
- gateway. A new version of Acorn’s Level IV fileserver software has also
- been optimised for Ethernet support.
- 6.2
- Broader user base
- 6.2
- Now that Acorn (and a number of other manufacturers) have decided to go
- the way of standard networking practices, Archimedes machines will
- obviously appeal to a wider audience, including users in business and
- higher education. These users have different ideas and standards that
- they expect of a computer system − high levels of security being one of
- them.
- 6.2
- The security on Acorn’s and S.J.’s fileservers has not been of the
- highest quality − although, to be fair, it hasn’t needed to be so for
- use within a school networking environment. However, now that the
- Archimedes is entering the big wide world, these factors must be taken
- into consideration.
- 6.2
- Whether we like it or not, there are already very well-defined security
- structures used by all of the other major manufacturers. To offer any
- real competition, the Archimedes must be able to conform to these or be
- so far in advance of them that everyone is able to see the advantages of
- the Archimedes system. The former is obviously the safest route but, as
- we all know, the Archimedes is quite an amazing computer, and it would
- not come as any great surprise if Acorn plumped for the latter option.
- 6.2
- Now that the Archimedes is recognised more and more by existing PC
- users, it would be a good idea if, amongst the plethora of new Archi
- medes variants, Acorn were to bring out a machine that was aimed
- exclusively at the PC convert market. It should have a dedicated
- Ethernet interface, an 80486 co-processor with floating point compat
- ibility, as well as the PC Emulator, linked to a version of TCP/IP that
- would sit in the machine’s ROM and be available at any time. There might
- also be some software available with the machine such as file transfer
- programs and translator programs in the same vein as John Kortink’s
- excellent piece of software.
- 6.2
- Well, I think that that is quite enough of my ramblings for the moment.
- I must stress that all of the above are my own personal views and do not
- necessarily represent those of Paul Beverley or Norwich Computer
- Services.
- 6.2
- New products
- 6.2
- A new company called i3 (pronounced i-cubed), formerly known as PSI
- Systems Innovations, have just released a product called ‘EtherLan 200’
- for the new A3020 and A4000 computers. i3 are better known as design
- consultants involved with the supply of third party hardware products
- for the Archimedes. They also design ASICs (Application Specific
- Integrated Circuits). In essence, the EtherLan 200 offers connection to
- 10Base2 and 10BaseT − “Cheapernet” and “Twisted pair” − with an optional
- adapter for 10Base5 − “Thick Ethernet”. From the information I have
- received, this looks like quite an exciting development and I’m hoping
- to get my hands on one of these units to test out more fully. In the
- meantime, if you would like any more information, contact i3 on
- 0223−413717 or fax them on 0223−413847.
- 6.2
- Next month.....
- 6.2
- Next month will hopefully see the start of the series on the installa
- tion of TCP/IP into a large system of computers and mainframes, trying
- to simplify some of the more complex operations that need to be carried
- out.
- 6.2
- As usual, I can be contacted at: 21 Pargeter Street, Stourbridge, West
- Midlands, DY8 1AU (no phone calls please). If you have any comments
- about this column or would like to offer some ideas or tell the world
- about a new simple method for doing a tedious networking job, write in
- and tell me about it. I can’t promise to answer all letters individually
- but I will try to give any subjects raised an airing on these pages. A
- 6.2
- The Pocket Book − Further Information
- 6.2
- Simon Moy
- 6.2
- Following the ‘release’ (I use the word cautiously) of the Acorn Pocket
- Book and the article in Archive’s ‘Vision of the Future’ supplement
- (over two months ago! Ed), many people have enquiried about its
- compatibility with the Psion Series 3, what software is supplied with it
- and the availability of the various peripherals. When the Pocket Book
- becomes available, the A-Link and the OPL Editor should be released at
- the same time − with other less important software following on later.
- 6.2
- This article is intended to answer some of the questions that have been
- asked since the Vision of the Future supplement appeared. But first, a
- recap...
- 6.2
- A recap
- 6.2
- The Acorn Pocket Book is a rebadged Psion 3 with different host software
- and Acorn’s own GUI operating system (which is not RISC-OS compatible).
- It is aimed at the education market, and the accompanying software
- reflects this. There are many Psion 3 features missing from the Pocket
- Book and A-Link specifications. However, it is because these products
- are being aimed squarely at the education market that Acorn (in their
- infinite wisdom) do not consider certain applications or hardware add-
- ons necessary. This still doesn’t explain the lack of a diary on the
- Pocket Book. After all, how many school-children do you know who don’t
- need a homework diary?
- 6.2
- The Pocket Book has space to fit two MS-DOS format RAM cards (known as
- Solid State Discs), each with a capacity of up to 2Mb. These are
- available in two types: RAM SSDs which have a Lithium battery built in
- and allow deletion of data as if they were a normal disc, and Flash SSDs
- which are cheaper, but only allow the user to erase all of the data in
- one go. Data can be flagged as deleted, but it will still take up space
- on the disc until reformatting occurs. The Pocket Book has 256Kb of RAM
- and a set of applications in ROM. External expansion is provided by a 9-
- pin mini-DIN socket which is the output from a very fast (1.56 Mbit/s)
- serial port. This allows connection to either of the serial links −
- Acorn’s ‘A-Link’ or Psion’s ‘3-Link’ − or to a parallel link to allow
- the Pocket Book to be connected to a parallel printer.
- 6.2
- A link (sic!)
- 6.2
- The A-Link is a separate package from the Pocket Book and costs £49.95
- inc VAT. This price includes desktop software which allows the Pocket
- Book to appear as a filing system on the Archimedes’ screen. Physically,
- the A-Link is a small black box about 10×2.5×2.5 cm with two leads
- moulded into the casing − one with a Pocket Book/Psion 3 serial
- connector and the other with a 9-pin D-type socket. The Pocket Book and
- the Psion 3 already have the driver software for the serial port built
- into their respective ROMs, so nothing extra is required for them.
- 6.2
- Good news for everyone is that the the Pocket Book and the Psion 3 are
- compatible in just about every way, including the use of their respec
- tive serial port connections. The Psion’s 3-Link works with the Pocket
- Book, and the A-Link works with the Psion 3. However, Psion’s 3-Link
- includes PC or Mac software, depending on which version you buy. (N.B.
- Make sure that you buy the correct one as there are hardware and
- software differences between the Mac and PC versions.) This software
- obviously cannot be used under RISC-OS. The software for each link is
- not available separately and so, to use the Pocket Book or the Psion 3
- with a PC or Mac and an Archimedes, (using the original software) you
- have to buy both links.
- 6.2
- The A-Link and the 3-Link also have hardware differences, so the
- software for one link cannot be used with the other. This does not
- prevent you from using the A-Link under the PC Emulator without the
- relevant RISC-OS software − the A-Link is fully RS232C compatible and so
- you can use the Pocket Book through the A-Link using communications
- software under the PC Emulator. However, this isn’t strictly true in the
- case of the 3-Link as the Archimedes serial port doesn’t follow the
- usual RS232/RS423 wiring specifications. Thus, you can only use the 3-
- Link to connect a Psion 3 or a Pocket Book to the Archimedes running the
- PC Emulator if you make a few wiring changes (details in Archive 6.1
- p55).
- 6.2
- The software with the A-Link includes a BBS script language facility (as
- with the 3-Link) but I haven’t been able to find out whether it includes
- such features as X- and Y-MODEM facilities. Once installed, it offers an
- iconbar filing system with menu options such as Info, Open $ and Quit.
- The filing system opens a filer window allowing file transfer between
- the core applications on the Pocket Book/Psion 3 and the Archimedes. The
- only restriction is that open files cannot be transferred. One further
- facility allows it to translate between Latin1 and DOS character sets
- during the transfer operation.
- 6.2
- Software
- 6.2
- There is a great deal of confusion about the availability of software
- and its compatibility with the Psion 3 and the Pocket Book. The latter
- comes with five applications and a ‘Desktop’, selectable from the touch-
- sensitive keys just below the screen. Because the software in the Pocket
- Book is aimed towards the educational market, it has been altered from
- the original Psion 3 software. The essential differences are as follows:
- 6.2
- Application Pocket Book Psion Series
- 3
- 6.2
- OS interface Desktop (ROM) System (ROM)
- 6.2
- Wordprocessor Write (ROM) Word (ROM)
- 6.2
- Database Cards (ROM) Data (ROM)
- 6.2
- Clock & alarm Time (ROM) Time (ROM)
- 6.2
- Calculator Calc (ROM) Calc (ROM)
- 6.2
- Spreadsheet Abacus (ROM) Sheet
- 6.2
- Option (SSD)
- 6.2
- Spellchecker Included (SSD) Option (SSD)
- 6.2
- No Thesaurus With Thesaurus
- 6.2
- Diary planner Agenda
- Agenda (ROM)
- 6.2
- Option (SSD)
- 6.2
- World dialling World
- World (ROM)
- 6.2
- & time zones Option (SSD)
- 6.2
- Programming OPL run-time only OPL (ROM)
- 6.2
- OPL Editor as (Editor & run-
- 6.2
- option on SSD time)
- 6.2
- Many of the applications are data-compatible but not necessarily
- functionally compatible. For example, Sheet and Abacus can use each
- other’s data but are not fully compatible with the more complex
- functions. Similarly, World and Agenda (which should be available soon)
- should carry out compatible functions but will not be exactly the same
- as the Psion versions.
- 6.2
- The OPL/w editor and translator will be the same as the Psion version
- and the run-time system which is included with the Pocket Book is also
- the same. This means that all Psion OPL programs will run on the Pocket
- Book without requiring the actual editor. This is useful as the editor
- is fairly expensive at £69.95.
- 6.2
- One other software change is the DTMF dialler. Acorn have said that if
- this becomes available at all, it will not auto-dial telephone numbers.
- This is a shame because the speaker built into the Pocket Book/Psion 3
- was widely hailed as being the best and loudest on any hand-held machine
- and it was designed with the auto-dialler in mind. The Pocket Book
- renders it virtually useless except for the occasional warning beep. If
- it exists on the Psion 3, I see no reason for it not to be included on
- the Pocket Book.
- 6.2
- Other information
- 6.2
- Unlike the Atari Portfolio, the Pocket Book cannot support different
- language configurations on the keyboard or screen − this is unfortunate
- from the European perspective. There are two character sets built in:
- Latin1 and DOS. but no other character sets are included because of a
- lack of ROM space. Presumably, someone has already produced (or will
- produce) a program which allows other character sets to be used.
- 6.2
- There is a fair amount of Psion 3 software available via the usual PC
- public domain sources. This can be downloaded from the PC into the
- Pocket Book or Psion 3 using one of the serial links. Hopefully, the
- Acorn shareware market will pick up on this as both the Psion 3 and the
- Pocket Book have large gaps in their software markets.
- 6.2
- The file transfer facilities on the Pocket Book are very good and,
- because it has a multitasking operating system, it can handle file
- transfer operations while other applications are running. The only
- problem encountered so far is that files with filenames that include
- ‘top-bit-set’ characters − i.e. characters which are not available from
- the keyboard without using a function key − do not transfer properly. On
- the Pocket Book, these extra characters are produced using <ctrl>
- followed by a three-figure number corresponding to the character code
- required. They do not correspond (in general) to the <alt>-nnn charac
- ters that are available from the Archimedes keyboard so it would pay to
- avoid using them in filenames.
- 6.2
- The educational viewpoint
- 6.2
- The omissions from the Pocket Book specification seem to me to be rather
- patronising towards those currently in our education system. Children
- are becoming technically aware at younger and younger ages. You often
- hear comments such as, “I can’t operate the video recorder but my six-
- year old can.” Many younger children have a great deal of knowledge
- about computers and, as a result, their computer needs become more
- demanding as time goes by. If the Pocket Book is tailored towards the
- entire age range of students, from primary school up to university (as
- the advertising blurb says it is) then why aren’t such things as the
- dialling function and a diary included? Furthermore, what is the
- rationale behind including a spreadsheet but not a thesaurus? I would
- have thought that, for most students, the latter was far more important,
- especially considering the current ‘trendy’ lack of interest in correct
- English grammar.
- 6.2
- Conclusion
- 6.2
- The Pocket Book remains an excellent machine (despite I have said
- above!) and has enormous scope to be a market leader in hand-held
- computers. My only hope is that Acorn will drop the price of the OPL
- editor so that youngsters can start programming the facilities which are
- currently missing from the Pocket Book/Psion 3 software market. Most
- programmers start at an early age and, if Acorn want this product to
- succeed in the educational marketplace, they have to market it with a
- more professional outlook.
- 6.2
- The Psion 3 is tailored towards the businessman and the Pocket Book
- towards the student but the needs of the two are converging as computer
- literacy increases amongst young people. The Pocket Book needs to be
- simple enough for younger children to use but it must also have the
- power of the Psion 3. In essence, it should be tailored towards today’s
- technological whizz-kids − i.e. anyone from the age of five upwards! A
- 6.2
- Starch
- 6.2
- Alan Highet
- 6.2
- Starch (£14.95 from Dabs Press or £14 through Archive) comes on a single
- disc encased in a plastic CD case with a single page detailing the
- storyline and explaining the controls. The cover picture does little to
- stir the imagination and Alien Images should give some thought to
- employing an artist to design future covers.
- 6.2
- My first complaint was that the program would not run from any filing
- system other than ADFS unless you press <shift-break>. Although this is
- not a great problem, I do think that nowadays programs should run with
- just a double click and should return you to the desktop, leaving other
- programs intact, something else that is not possible with Starch.
- 6.2
- The storyline of this arcade game has you controlling two managers of a
- large laundry firm which has fallen behind on its quotas. You have to
- help Harry and Dave catch up by working all night to clear the backlog
- before their boss Mr. C. Ash sacks them. In one-player mode you control
- Dave with the computer playing Harry and both characters work at the
- same time on a three-dimensional screen.
- 6.2
- The controls are rather difficult to master because you have to move in
- the four directions across the floor as well as being able to jump. The
- keys selected are not the easiest to use and there is no way to alter
- them although there is the undocumented choice of one player being able
- to use a Voltmace joystick. It would have been nice for the other types
- of joystick to have been supported as it would have made the two-player
- mode simpler.
- 6.2
- The game involves collecting your quota of laundry bags and performing
- various operations on them. On level one, you simply drop them down a
- chute while on level five you have to iron them with each level
- involving a longer sequence of button pressing and lever pulling to
- accomplish your task. On completing the five levels, you start again at
- level one with an increased quota. Occasionally, a little bouncing ball
- appears and touching this will either increase or decrease your quota by
- two which sometimes can be extremely useful.
- 6.2
- I reached level five very easily, even with the awkward controls,
- because I found it easiest to let the computer player perform the
- various tasks and then take the bag from him and finish the task myself
- so decreasing my quota to zero. However, on starting on level one again,
- I found it almost impossible to reach my quota in the time allowed
- because there just weren’t enough laundry bags delivered.
- 6.2
- Conclusions
- 6.2
- This game has not got what it takes to catch on because I didn’t find
- the urge to play it “just one more time”. The graphics are reasonable
- and the figures move smoothly. The sound was adequate and although the
- music could be turned down, there was no way of turning off the
- digitised speech or sound effects. I tried turning off the internal
- speaker but the program turned it back on again so I was left with not
- being able to play the game in the evenings for fear of waking my
- daughter.
- 6.2
- The speech appears at the end of each level and consists of the boss
- either telling you you’ve done well or more likely telling you that you
- are fired and a henchman opening a trap-door under your feet. It was
- very amusing the first few times but it became boring very quickly.
- 6.2
- There was a score for collecting and delivering the bags and other
- little tasks but I was puzzled by the fact that no matter how hard I
- tried, I always scored less than the computer even if I collected my
- quota of bags and he collected none. Still, it didn’t matter too much as
- there was no record kept of the high score table. There was a daily high
- score but this only appeared if you reached a high enough score to enter
- and it was never shown again.
- 6.2
- Overall, I was disappointed with the game and would not recommend it for
- long-term playability. A
- 6.2
- ThinkSheet
- 6.2
- Robert Chrismas
- 6.2
- ThinkSheet is a RISC-OS compliant Outliner program from Fisher-Marriott.
- It costs £39+VAT or £89+VAT for a site licence.
- 6.2
- Outliners
- 6.2
- Outliner programs are supposed to help us to think and to communicate
- more effectively.
- 6.2
- Prose (sentences and paragraphs of ‘Good English’) is a wonderful means
- of communication, but it has its limitations. We certainly do not think
- in prose and it is often hard to turn a tangle of linked ideas into an
- essay.
- 6.2
- A word processor forces us to write our thoughts in order − a kind of
- list of ideas. We explain connections, use sub-headings, footnotes and
- all sorts of other clues to indicate the relations between ideas, but
- the more complicated the connections, the harder this becomes.
- 6.2
- Outliners arrange ideas in a tree structure rather than a list. They
- encourage us to think and to write ‘top down’. Each idea is described by
- a ‘chunk’ of text − it might be just one word or a whole paragraph. A
- chunk can have additional chunks attached to amplify or explain it.
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- Outliners arrange chunks of text in a tree structure
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- The ThinkSheet manual emphasises its educational uses but outliners can
- help many activities which require clear thinking: planning a holiday,
- describing a Bridge bidding system, analysing a poem or making a
- shopping list.
- 6.2
- Appearance
- 6.2
- Some Outliners look rather like word processors − lines of text, with
- only the indenting or paragraph numbering indicating the structure of
- the data. Thinksheet seems more like a cross between a word processor
- and a hyper-media package.
- 6.2
- Documents are divided into pages which the manual rather unhelpfully
- calls ‘screens’. You enter text on ‘cards’. Each screen can hold a
- number of cards. Attached to each card is a small keyhole icon. A click
- on the keyhole opens the screen for that card.
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- Output
- 6.2
- ThinkSheet saves files in its own format but documents can be displayed
- on screen, saved as text or printed with a variety of layouts.
- 6.2
- In ‘connected text’, all the cards on each screen are joined together in
- paragraphs. The ‘list’ format starts each card on a new line. A
- ‘numbered list’ numbers and indents lines to show which level they are
- on − this is the most common outliner layout. ‘Text in boxes’ represents
- the layout you see on the screen.
- 6.2
- Ease of use
- 6.2
- ThinkSheet is intuitive and easy to use. To create a new card, you click
- on the screen. To edit a card, you click on the card. Entering text on a
- new card or editing an existing one is just like using a word processor.
- You change the position of a card on the screen by dragging it. Linking
- cards to screens, and changing links, is simple and quick.
- 6.2
- The program seems easy enough for the majority of junior school children
- to use with no more than the usual difficulties (“Sir, Sir! Katherine’s
- eating a mouse”). However, its usefulness is not restricted to this age
- range.
- 6.2
- Other features
- 6.2
- The clipboard is used to move cards between screens or documents. A card
- on the clipboard keeps any screens which are attached to it, so whole
- sections of the tree can be moved around. The clipboard shows the first
- few lines of any card it holds − I found this very helpful.
- 6.2
- You can search for a word or phrase. Wild cards are allowed. The search
- displays all the matching cards. Then you can click on a card to move to
- the screen on which that card appears.
- 6.2
- ThinkSheet will display menus and prompts in foreign languages. Welsh,
- German, Spanish and French were available the review disc.
- 6.2
- Card layout
- 6.2
- The cards are 20 characters wide. They are arranged in three columns on
- the screen. Cards can be positioned to make simple tables. I found this
- useful for some documents but, for long paragraphs of text, a ‘line’
- based outliner would have been better. Perhaps, for later versions,
- Fisher-Marriott might consider allowing cards to be one, two or three
- columns wide.
- 6.2
- The program tries to keep the card layout tidy by aligning the top edge
- of each row of cards. If you make cards longer or shorter by editing
- their text, the program keeps alignment. You can arrange the cards with
- gaps. There were times when a card I had moved was auto-tidied (no it’s
- not in the dictionary) to the wrong position but by juggling other cards
- I always managed to get the layout I wanted in the end.
- 6.2
- The manual
- 6.2
- The manual is clear and well presented. There are about fifty A5 pages
- with plenty of section dividers.
- 6.2
- Most program effects can be selected in three ways, from an icon on the
- screen, the menu or the function keys. The manual covers these separa
- tely and is inclined to repeat itself.
- 6.2
- The program allows some actions which the manual does not explain. For
- example, cards can be dragged onto the title of a screen to move them up
- a level and ordinary text files can be imported by dragging them onto a
- screen. It is good that the program works in such an intuitive way that
- you can discover new facilities by accident. However, it must be a
- limitation in the manual that it does not mention them.
- 6.2
- At the back there is an index/glossary. Some words have one sentence
- definitions as well as a reference to a page number. This seemed a good
- idea. Some important words were omitted. Given that the manual uses the
- word ‘screen’ in an unusual way, I was surprised not to find it in the
- index.
- 6.2
- Uses
- 6.2
- The manual says that ThinkSheet was originally designed to help analyse
- existing text. An example document, ‘Kubla’ illustrates this. The manual
- claims that it was during development that the authors realised that
- ThinkSheet could be used creatively, getting ideas down on cards, then
- thinking about how they are organised.
- 6.2
- The manual includes a section showing that ThinkSheet is appropriate to
- a very wide range of national curriculum attainment targets, “from level
- 2 to level 10”. ThinkSheet could be considered “wherever questions of
- organisation, structure and combining information arise”. It is a
- reflection on the national curriculum that good educational programs are
- seen in terms of the attainment targets they satisfy.
- 6.2
- The emphasis in the manual on educational uses is probably sensible
- marketing but ThinkSheet could have many applications outside the
- classroom. This is one of those programs with a range of applications
- only limited by the imagination of the user.
- 6.2
- Use a hyper-media package instead?
- 6.2
- Hyper-media documents allow all sorts of effects which make them good to
- look at but hard to create. Less experienced users can find that
- thinking about the way the program works gets in the way of thinking
- about their subject. You have to plan hyper-media documents carefully if
- you do not want to spend a lot of time altering them.
- 6.2
- With ThinkSheet it is easy to bash in a few ideas, then think about how
- they are connected. You could just as easily use ThinkSheet to plan a
- hyper-media document as to plan a trip to the hyper-market.
- 6.2
- Problems/Limitations
- 6.2
- The program had problems displaying a few of the example documents. The
- ‘Numbered List’ display was scrambled on some documents. Other documents
- had overlapping cards. On a couple of occasions, cards disappeared when
- they were re-positioned and once ThinkSheet became so mixed up as to
- claim that I was on level −2. I tried to duplicate these problems with
- my own documents but could not, so I suspect that the problems lay with
- the files which may have been created with an earlier, more bugged,
- version of the program. (What a gracious reviewer you are, Robert! Ed.)
- 6.2
- ‘Line based’ outliners are usually able to show just the first ‘n’
- levels so that you can have an overview without all the details. The
- nearest that ThinkSheet comes to this is to output the top level ‘in
- boxes’.
- 6.2
- It does not seem possible to have multiple views of the same document.
- 6.2
- Conclusion
- 6.2
- I have always been keen on outliners − the last program I gave up using
- on a PC was PC Outline. ThinkSheet looks a bit odd after that but it
- does the job. I may even be beginning to prefer the ‘sheets’ and ‘cards’
- layout.
- 6.2
- The documentation emphasises educational uses, but ThinkSheet can have
- applications outside education. Organisers work for me − I think most
- people would find one useful.
- 6.2
- ThinkSheet is particularly easy to use. It had problems with some of the
- example documents, but when I was creating my own documents it felt
- solid. I have only seen a few other outliner-type programs for the
- Archimedes but, of those I have seen, this is the best. A
- 6.2
- each screen can hold a number of cards
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- 1. In Xanadu
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- A) Foreign-sounding name
- 6.2
- B) Evokes far-away places
- 6.2
- C) More romantic than Birmingham
- 6.2
- D) Never heard of it, so no idea where it is
- 6.2
- E) Is it real or fairy-tale?
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- 2. did Kubla Khan
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- A) Alliterative, romantic-sounding
- 6.2
- B) Vaguely Arabic, so reminder of Arabian Nights
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- 3. A stately
- 6.2
- ...... a numbered list
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- +———————————+
- 6.2
- | In Xanadu |
- 6.2
- +———————————+
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- +———————————+ +———————————+
- 6.2
- | Foreign-sounding | | Evokes far-away |
- 6.2
- | name | | places |
- 6.2
- +———————————+ +———————————+
- 6.2
- +———————————+ +———————————+
- 6.2
- | Never heard of it,| | Is it real or |
- 6.2
- | so no idea where it | | fairy-tale? |
- 6.2
- | is | +———————————+
- 6.2
- +———————————+
- 6.2
- +———————————+
- 6.2
- | More romantic than|
- 6.2
- | Birmingham |
- 6.2
- +———————————+
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- text in boxes
- 6.2
- The PCATS Graphics Enhancer
- 6.2
- Roger Spooner
- 6.2
- The PCATS Graphics Enhancer, originally sold by The Serial Port and now
- by QD Computers (I think it is now a Company called Vertical Twist!
- Ed.), is an improved colour device. It allows the picture on your
- monitor to display colours in a palette of 16 million, with up to 64
- thousand on screen at once.
- 6.2
- The card has two main pieces of hardware. There are a number of clock
- crystals, allowing the video image to be sent out at any rate from 8
- million bytes per second to 36 million. This allows screens with
- resolutions of up to about 900×650 although there is no specific limit.
- There is also a new colour palette chip, providing all the new colours.
- 6.2
- Installation
- 6.2
- It is a single width podule and fits, to the best of my knowledge, on
- any Archimedes. It also has a flying lead to connect to a set of pins on
- the main computer board. The whole thing is easy to plug in if that set
- of pins exists on your computer but some computers have been sold with
- only a set of holes in place of the actual pins. If this is the case,
- the computer will have to be modified by a competent, or confident,
- engineer.
- 6.2
- The installation manual is good, describing where to find the pins on
- each model of machine, and how to get them the right way round.
- Installing the podule part is as easy as normal. There is a small cable
- to connect the old monitor output to a socket on the podule, and the
- monitor connects to the podule. This causes no problems.
- 6.2
- There are a number of *Configure options which need to be set in trust:
- one must be set to 0, when it is already 0000000. It then becomes
- 10001111. Beware of sub-standard software such as old games or modules;
- they can overwrite these values in the CMOS ram, wasting a lot of time
- as you try to correct them.
- 6.2
- The monitor will not work correctly until the *Configure options have
- been set.
- 6.2
- Software
- 6.2
- The GE podule contains enough software on board to allow the monitor to
- work, so you only need to load more if you specifically intend to use
- the new modes. Software which supports them, such as Illusionist from
- Clares, does not require any extra software to be loaded, so it is not
- necessary to have a hard disc from which to boot.
- 6.2
- There are two main applications supplied with the package. !ModeEdit is
- an excellent product for defining and saving new modes. It has its own
- file format which can contain many mode definitions and which is easy to
- run from a boot file. Thus all your favourite modes can be tweaked and
- the new ones loaded whenever you boot the machine. For example, I have a
- wider mode 20 with a slightly higher refresh rate.
- 6.2
- !ColPicker is not quite so carefully written but serves well in allowing
- you to select the individual colours for the palette entries. You can
- drag the Red, Green and Blue components up and down with the mouse, type
- values or use the Hue, Saturation, Colour, Value or the Cyan, Magenta,
- Yellow, Key models. I found it easy to modify some small details I
- didn’t like, such as the absence of a Cancel icon.
- 6.2
- It is possible not only to set individual entries but also to copy
- groups around and smooth a sequence from one colour to another. Thus you
- can make a clean greyscale in a few seconds by defining black, white,
- and smoothing between them. You can also save palettes for later re-use.
- 6.2
- A new version of the ColourTrans module is supplied, although all later
- version will also work. This means that all standard software will run,
- in the desktop, in the enhancer modes. Draw is especially useful for
- designing colour advertisements − with a suitable palette, you can get a
- precise idea of the colours you are using − graduated colour fills will
- never be the same again!
- 6.2
- Programmer access to the device is excellent, including SWIs for setting
- individual palette entries, setting blocks of them, reading them and
- telling if you are in an enhanced mode.
- 6.2
- So many colours!
- 6.2
- Unfortunately, you have to pick the colours for the desktop yourself.
- This means that a graduated colour fill is easy to cater for but full
- colour pictures can be a bit tricky and rarely look good in the desktop
- in enhancer modes.
- 6.2
- Any software with explicit support for the GE will of course work fine,
- generally picking palette entries itself and keeping things neat. Thus
- LoadImage, free from Design Concept, will allow you to see a Clear file
- picture in full colour on the desktop by swapping the palette from its
- current value to that for the picture when you move inside its window.
- 6.2
- Illusionist supports the GE properly, apart from a bug, meaning that
- pictures can be rendered in the ‘best’ 256 colours, which it picks
- itself. The picture can then be saved as a Clear file, ready for loading
- full screen into LoadImage or through Translator or Creator (by John
- Kortink) to many other file formats.
- 6.2
- The most commonly used modes are those which allow the desktop to run,
- like 103 and 126. These, as said above, allow all desktop programs to
- run in them, providing a great boon for those wanting real colour. These
- modes have any 256 colours from a palette of 16777216, although one must
- be black.
- 6.2
- It is also possible to use modes with 4096 or 65536 colours on screen at
- once. These do not have a palette but allow 4 bits per colour, or 5½
- b.p.c. where the values stored in memory go directly to the DAC. Thus
- you have the full normal Archimedes palette, or slightly more than that,
- but you cannot choose the colours. Because each pixel on the monitor is
- made from 3 or 4 pixels in memory, combined on the podule, you cannot
- use normal software in these modes. Anything which uses them must plot
- each point 3 or 4 times, once for each primary colour (and a
- combination).
- 6.2
- Magic crystals?
- 6.2
- The GE also has a number of crystals to set the clock speed. This
- controls the amount of information (colours × pixels × refresh rate)
- getting onto the screen per second. The higher this goes, the slower the
- computer gets, both in main processing and in drawing on the screen, but
- you do get more detail. These crystals include 24MHz, 25.175 MHz, 32MHz
- and 36MHz. Any divide-down on these can be used down to 8MHz, so you
- could have a 2 colour mode with 200×100 resolution and a 40Hz refresh
- rate, allowing the computer to run at practically full speed.
- 6.2
- You can also install new crystals for up to 40MHz, allowing incredible
- resolutions.
- 6.2
- Summary
- 6.2
- The PCATS Graphics Enhancer is well worth the money (about £180) if you
- need to compose DrawFiles with a certain set of colours, feel a need to
- use Illusionist or have your own software which requires full colour
- such as, for example, a full colour 3D graph or map plotter (well, up to
- 5D or maybe even 6 dimensions really!)
- 6.2
- It does not support all 16 million colours on screen at once (in the
- desktop) in a 1280×1024 pixel mode, being refreshed at 70Hz. In that
- respect it is a little lacking but it is an tremendous improvement on
- the existing VIDC.
- 6.2
- A multisync monitor is just as much of a necessity as it ever was (Acorn
- should never have recommended anything else) because you can’t have lots
- of pixels on a cheap monitor.
- 6.2
- Hopefully, the colour problem will be officially sorted sometime but it
- could be more than a year before Acorn get a new VIDC out. In the
- meantime, this conforms to what standards there are and does it well. A
- 6.2
- FX2 − Graph Plotting Package
- 6.2
- Ken May
- 6.2
- Thanks to Steve Ellacot, I have managed to find a software package that
- allows me to plot every conceivable graph that is needed to cover an
- advanced level course in pure mathematics. The program allows you to
- express functions in cartesian, polar or parametric form, and all
- equations are entered in standard algebraic format. For three years, I
- have been searching for such a program and at long last it is now
- installed on my hard disc. It employs the various features of RISC-OS
- and is completely compatible with the Acorn range of computers. It is a
- superb package and is very easy to use. The package is called fx2, is
- published by Silica Software Systems, Mallards, Lower Hardres, Canter
- bury, Kent, CT4 5NU and costs £59 at the time of writing.
- 6.2
- fx2 not only plots graphs but is also capable of carrying out the
- following calculations: Area under curve, Volume of revolution, Length
- of curve, Surface area of volume, Mean value, Root mean square value,
- Centroid of area, Centroid of volume, Moment of inertia about x-axis,
- Moment of inertia about y-axis.
- 6.2
- Also under calculations, the following may be evaluated: Gradient of
- curve at a given point, Equation of tangent, Equation of normal, Maxima
- and minima, Roots of equations using Newton-Raphson.
- 6.2
- Graphs may be overlaid and also, for a given set of parameters, families
- of curves may be plotted. When graphs are overlaid, each graph is drawn,
- by default, in a different colour. To obtain the best results on your
- hard copy, the colour of each graph must be set to black on the overlay.
- There are four choices of accuracy for plotting a graph, namely
- ‘coarse’, ‘Medium’, ‘Good’ and ‘Excellent’. The following examples
- illustrate the high quality of the graphs that can be obtained by using
- this package and so the accuracy of each graph has been set to
- ‘excellent’.
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- Example 1
- 6.2
- Here we have plotted the graph of y = (x − 1)(x − 5), its tangent y = 4x
- − 20 and its normal 4y = − x + 5 at point (5,0). This is achieved by
- overlaying the three individual graphs. By selecting point (5,0) and by
- clicking on the icon buttons ‘equation of tangent’ and ‘equation of
- normal’, in the results-differentiation window, the appropriate
- equations will appear in the inner window.
- 6.2
- However, there is a minor accuracy problem as the tangent y = 4x − 20 is
- evaluated as y = 4x − 19.9985584 and the normal 4y = − x + 5 as y =
- − 0.25001812x + 1.2500986.
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- Example 2
- 6.2
- This is a graph of the function y = (x + 1)/((x − 1) (x + 3)). The graph
- has two vertical asymptotes x = 1 and x = −3 which have to be overlaid
- onto the graph. The problem is that, in Cartesian coordinates, there is
- no facility to plot vertical lines. This is overcome by switching over
- to polar coordinates and so x = 1 becomes r = sec q and x = −3 becomes r
- = −3sec q. I have suggested that a vertical line option be added in
- later versions of fx2. One has a choice of expressing 113q in degrees or
- in radians. It may be necessary to change the scale factor along the x
- and y axes in order to produce a respectable looking graph.
- 6.2
- Example 3
- 6.2
- In the Graph options window, one has a choice of being able to plot the
- inverse of a given function. Unfortunately, it is not possible at
- present to overlay the graph of the inverse of a function onto the graph
- of the function.
- 6.2
- As the full effect of plotting the inverse of a function cannot be
- achieved without the overlay facility, there is little point in
- illustrating this property.
- 6.2
- Example 4
- 6.2
- This is an example of using Polar coordinates by setting the format to
- Normal and the Axes to Polar in the input window. In this window, you
- are given the choice of expressing the angle in degrees or in radians
- and there is an option to allow negative ‘r’. Unfortunately, a cartesian
- frame is displayed rather than an initial line. There is a problem with
- plotting points and, regrettably, the circle in polar coordinates is an
- ellipse on both the screen and the hard copy. Finally, parts of some
- leaves of the rose, in the vicinity of the pole, are missing and the
- ends of the leaves lie on an ellipse instead of a circle. A variety of
- graphs are illustrated below.
- 6.2
-
- 6.2
- a) The circle r = 10cos(q − p/3)
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- b) The cardiod r = 5(1 + cosq))
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- c) Limacon of Pascal r = 6 + 4cosq
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- d) The five-leaved Rose r = 10cos5q
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- Example 5
- 6.2
- This shows a set of five vertical lines at intervals of two units from x
- = 2 to x = 10. Notice that the line x = 10 is broken and incomplete as
- it is on the screen display. These vertical lines were plotted using the
- polar equation: r = a.sec(x) where a = 2 to 10, step 2
- 6.2
- Example 6
- 6.2
- Graphs of functions which are expressed parametrically are illustrated
- here. Note that the flaw in the bottom right of the second occurred in
- the plotting of the curve before the asymptote was overlaid. Also, the
- asymptote y = −x − 2 had to be inputted as y = −x +2 because inputting y
- = −x − 2 caused the asymptote to pass through point (0,2) which is
- clearly an error.
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- a) Epicycloid x = 4cos(t) − cos(4t)
- 6.2
- y = 4sin(t) − sin(4t)
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- b) Folium of Descartes x = 6t/(1 + t3)
- 6.2
- y = 6t2/(1 + t3)
- 6.2
- 6.3
- 6.2
- c) The Trochoid x = t − 1.5sin(t)
- 6.2
- y = 1 − 1.5cos(t)
- 6.2
- Conclusion
- 6.2
- As there are few people that are aware of the existence of fx2, the
- publishers have had very little, if any feedback. It is not surprising,
- therefore, that there are a number of problems to be solved before it is
- perfected. All of the problems that I have highlighted in this article
- have been passed on to Silica Software Systems who were most grateful.
- They said that they would try to solve most of these problems, if not
- all of them, before they release the next version of the program.
- Despite its current faults, I am sure that fx2 is a package that every
- mathematician using a RISC-OS system has been waiting for − I am very
- impressed.
- 6.2
- I have also made a few suggestions for improvements, namely:
- 6.2
- i) an option to select the style of a line e.g. continuous, dotted, dot-
- dash, dash.
- 6.2
- ii) an option to shade defined regions
- 6.2
- iii) an option to plot derived functions
- 6.2
- I sincerely hope that fx2 gains the recognition it deserves. A
- 6.2
- Brian Cowan, our expert on matters scientific adds: Yes, fx2 is an
- impressive product replete with facilities. As Ken says, it is most
- suitable for A level mathematics students; for that, I am sure the range
- of options is ideal. Earlier versions of the product were rather
- temperamental and often crashed my machine but these problems seem to
- have been solved. It is a matter of taste, but one thing I did not like
- (but which Ken clearly does ) is that formulae are entered in a sort of
- algebraic form with powers, for example, as raised indices. I would much
- prefer input in a pseudo-Basic or Pascal format so that complicated
- formulae can be created in a text editor or those generated from another
- program (such as a curve fitter) can be entered with ease. Also, I would
- like the facility of parametric curves. All in all, this is a good
- product but I would reiterate the point I made in a recent review of
- Scientific Software (Archive 5.6 p51), where I encouraged people to have
- a good look at what PD software was available in this area before
- parting with real money. A
- 6.2
- Newton − A Logo Microworld
- 6.2
- Malcolm Fraser
- 6.2
- Newton is a suite of programs written in the Logo language. You need
- Archimedes Logo to run Newton, and as far as I am aware, Longman
- Logotron are the only publishers of a full implementation of Logo for
- the Archimedes. (What about Silicon Vision’s RoboLogo? Ed)
- 6.2
- Newton aims to provide a simulation of the way in which forces act on
- bodies, as described by the laws given by Isaac Newton in the Seven
- teenth Century. This means it deals with the area called mechanics in A
- Level Mathematics and Physics. Unlike many simulations, it is designed
- to allow users complete control over the problems investigated, rather
- than give examples to be examined passively. In the authors’ words it is
- designed “to encourage the exploration of forces”.
- 6.2
- Before reviewing the software, it may be helpful if I briefly describe
- the Logo language. (There is a review of Logotron Logo in Archive 1.11
- p50.)
- 6.2
- Logo
- 6.2
- If you have already encountered Logo, it is quite likely that you will
- have used it to create drawings using ‘turtle graphics’. A triangular
- dart called a turtle starts in the middle of the computer screen. It can
- be moved using a number of commands and can leave a trail on the screen,
- drawing simple or complex shapes. The language needed to draw shapes
- such as squares, triangles and so on, is very simple, and children of
- junior school level can quickly learn to write programs to produce
- drawings of houses and other shapes.
- 6.2
- To give the flavour of the language, the listing below is the first Logo
- program which many people encounter. It is designed to draw a square on
- the screen, and Figure 1 shows the result of running this program, with
- the turtle finishing in the bottom left corner, where it started. The
- Logo procedure is:
- 6.2
- TO SQUARE
- 6.2
- REPEAT 4 [ FORWARD 100 RIGHT 90 ]
- 6.2
- END
- 6.2
- The distance is in arbitrary units but the turn is in degrees. Once the
- procedure has been typed in, it is run by typing SQUARE.
- 6.2
- Simple procedures can be used as building blocks to produce more complex
- shapes. For example, Figure 2 was produced by writing the procedure
- PATTERN which in turn uses SQUARE:
- 6.2
- TO PATTERN
- 6.2
- REPEAT 8 [ SQUARE LEFT 45 ]
- 6.2
- END
- 6.2
- The designs produced can be complex but quite beautiful − for example,
- spirals and snowflake curves. Anyone who is interested should try to
- find a copy of ‘Turtle Geometry’ by Harold Abelson and Andrea diSessa
- which starts off with simple ideas but goes on to tackle difficult
- problems in geometry. (Some parts of the book can be heavy going
- mathematically though and the version of Logo is not quite the same.)
- 6.2
- The language can be used in other ways as well. An article by Alan Angus
- in Archive 4.10 p41 described a program which tests students’ ability to
- describe sequences of numbers algebraically, using the ability of Logo
- to process lists of numbers. Some aspects of Logo are derived from the
- artificial intelligence language, LISP, so it is possible to use Logo in
- ways which have nothing to do with turtle graphics.
- 6.2
- The Microworld
- 6.2
- Newton is a collection of procedures which make the turtle obey Newton’s
- laws of motion. These procedures add new words which can then be used in
- Logo programs written by teachers or students, just as SQUARE was used
- in PATTERN above. Briefly, the commands allow you to give the turtle a
- velocity and a mass, and then to apply forces and observe the results.
- 6.2
- You then have the opportunity to investigate what happens in situations
- which would be difficult or impossible to set up in a laboratory. For
- example, if you push a disc sitting on a frictionless surface, it will
- move along the surface in a straight line until something else is done
- to it. In practice, we cannot set up this experiment as there are no
- completely frictionless surfaces in real life. On the computer screen
- the situation is different and the turtle will keep going in a straight
- line. It may disappear off the screen unless something is done to alter
- its motion.
- 6.2
- In order to get an idea of how planets move in the solar system, we
- might want to look at a simpler problem such as one planet moving round
- a star. What happens if this planet is nearly as massive as the star? Is
- it possible to have a planet orbiting around two stars? There are two
- ways to answer these questions. Either you try to carry out calculations
- to solve the problem (which means that you have to understand the theory
- in the first place) or you provide all the starting information to a
- computer and let it calculate and display what happens. An advantage of
- the second approach is that you get to ‘see’ the situation develop
- rather than just get a number or an equation as a result.
- 6.2
- Newton provides the procedures needed to set up models and then
- investigate these and other problems, and to change details as you wish.
- It should also give students a better understanding of the ideas of
- mechanics through experiment rather than just learning the mathematical
- tricks and techniques needed to answer specific questions.
- 6.2
- Using the Newton package
- 6.2
- The software comes with a 49 page manual which begins with a section on
- how to prepare a working disc and use it with Logo. At this stage, a
- working knowledge of ‘Startup’ files is helpful. The single user version
- of Logo is copy protected so I do not think it is wise to attempt to
- copy the Newton files onto the master disc. Setting up Newton to work
- with the site licence version of Logo should be straightforward. The
- manual then describes briefly, but clearly, the Logo words (primitives)
- available when using Newton.
- 6.2
- If you are not familiar with Logo and the extensions which come with
- Logotron Logo, you may find setting up the microworld a little tricky.
- If you want to use two turtles, for example, to carry out the star and
- planet experiment then the ‘TURTLES’ extension must be loaded as well.
- This can be done automatically using a short program but some previous
- experience of Logo is a definite advantage in setting up the software
- for the first time.
- 6.2
- A section on classroom ideas follows and this is the most important part
- of the manual. To begin with, there are some straightforward examples
- which take you through getting the turtle moving in particular direc
- tions at constant velocity. Almost immediately, some questions are
- raised which you can decide whether to follow up or not. The first
- questions are straightforward but solving them is easier if you use
- commands not yet introduced. As an example, Newton produces one snapshot
- of the path and position of the turtle every ‘second’ but it is easier
- to answer some questions if the time interval is reduced by changing the
- time ‘unit’ used in calculations. It is left to you to find the best
- setting by trial and error.
- 6.2
- The next step is to give the turtle a push by applying forces and
- investigating how it behaves. At this point, the tutorial speeds up and,
- very soon, you are setting up models of a ball in flight, a ball
- bouncing on a floor and falling parachutes. By this stage, you need to
- be able to write quite complex Logo procedures in order to solve some of
- the problems. In order to follow up some of the suggestions you will
- have to set up and process ‘lists’, a data structure which Logo took
- over from LISP.
- 6.2
- The manual concludes with a number of suggested projects, including
- setting up a model which shows how a ball moves when you include the
- effect of air resistance (going beyond the simple treatment usually
- found in A Level courses), finding the best angle at the bottom of a ski
- jump and investigating what happens when two balls collide.
- 6.2
- Newton in practice
- 6.2
- It is clearly stated in the manual that the Classroom Ideas chapter is
- exactly that. You should not work through each part slavishly but rather
- investigate any problem which you find interesting. For example, you
- might take a problem from a text book and attempt to set it up on the
- computer using the Newton commands. (Many simulations used in the
- classroom set up a closed situation with limited scope for making
- changes. For example, a simulation of gas in a jar might let you change
- the temperature or pressure but not the forces between molecules or the
- types of collision. Newton goes far beyond this in flexibility.)
- 6.2
- However, in order to set up a model, you need some understanding of the
- underlying principle. For example, you need to know that air resistance
- increases as you fall faster when you start to model the effect of using
- a parachute. Then you must translate this into Logo procedures and
- instructions. Mathematics and physics teachers will find the first part
- straightforward but I suspect that, at present, many would feel less
- confident about the second stage. Students may find the reverse true!
- There is increasing use of Logo in schools, and some A Level students
- will already be familiar with Logo, which means they can concentrate on
- the mathematics and physics involved.
- 6.2
- The authors assume that you are familiar with basic Logo. If you are
- not, you will need to spend some time learning the rudiments in order to
- use Newton. As the you work through the manual, comments become ever
- more brief, giving only hints on how to solve some problems. This does
- mean that you need to spend some time translating problems into a Logo
- programs, particularly when becoming familiar with the software.
- 6.2
- I feel it would be essential to have some starting material to introduce
- students to Newton, as they may not have a full grasp of mechanics when
- they start using the package. I would have liked to see some sample
- worksheets or more worked examples included in the manual, to help build
- up familiarity with the software. The problems in the manual could
- provide a good starting point if information were given about the
- expected behaviour in some cases, so that users could check their
- results and build up confidence.
- 6.2
- It is quite easy to start producing simulations of complex problems with
- a little practice. I suspect that anyone with an interest in this
- approach to learning about mechanics would soon make the effort to learn
- the language and programming skills necessary to use the package. I
- found that using the program gave me some different perspectives on ways
- to approach the subject and at the same time, my grasp of Logo improved
- as I worked on the problems in the manual and also examined the Newton
- programs themselves.
- 6.2
- Quibbles
- 6.2
- There are a few areas where I believe the package could be improved. All
- of these except the last are quite minor points, and the first two could
- be solved using straightforward Logo programming.
- 6.2
- There should be a more detailed guide to setting up a working disc, or
- transferring the programs to a hard disc, and a description of the way
- in which a Startup file can be used to ensure that necessary Logo
- extensions are loaded would help new users. It would also be a good idea
- to specify the directory structure which the Startup file expects to
- find when loading the files, and how this can be tailored to individual
- requirements.
- 6.2
- The manual has instructions for the Archimedes and for the RM Nimbus
- version following each other. I can understand the economic logic of
- producing one manual to cover both versions but it is irritating at
- times to have to pick out the relevant parts only. Also, some of the
- Nimbus options could be implemented on the Archimedes as well with
- little extra work and some help for the less experienced user would have
- been useful.
- 6.2
- One of the example programs (describing a bouncing ball) sometimes halts
- with an error message when it comes to the bottom of the screen. This is
- a nuisance rather than a serious problem, and I suspect that it is due
- to Logo itself rather than Newton.
- 6.2
- The importance of choosing a sensible unit of time is mentioned but I
- feel that more detail should have been given for anyone who is trying to
- use the package independently. In some problems (planetary motion, for
- example) if the default time unit is used, the path which the turtle
- takes bears little relation to what would happen in the real world. If
- students try the settings given in the manual they will find the planet
- goes shooting off the screen rather than following an elliptical orbit
- around the centre. I feel that an example worked out in detail is almost
- essential here to help students grasp the rather subtle (in some cases)
- effects of the approximation.
- 6.2
- Conclusion
- 6.2
- Newton is written for a small market. It is most likely to be bought by
- schools for A Level Mathematics classes, but only if at least some staff
- have previous experience of Logo programming. I would recommend this
- package strongly but with the caution that ‘What you get out of this
- depends on what you put into it.’ If you are prepared to investigate the
- possible uses of the package (and to prepare additional material for
- students if you intend to use the package with a class) and have some
- experience of Logo, it will be well worth the effort to work with the
- programs. Alternatively, mathematics students with some experience of
- Logo could use Newton for independent study to build up experience with
- the physical ideas involved. Any efforts made to work with Newton will
- be repaid in an increased understanding of the mathematics involved.
- 6.2
- The package is well produced but not expensive at £19 plus VAT (£21
- through Archive). A secondary school site licence costs £57 from Longman
- Logotron. (Logo itself costs £65 through Archive.) A
- 6.2
- Figure 1
- 6.2
- Figure 2
- 6.2
- Review of Pendown Plus
- 6.2
- Hilary Ferns
- 6.2
- Pendown Plus from Longman Logotron is described as the ‘big brother’ of
- Pendown, the now popular wordprocessor for schools. The major additions
- to the software are a mailmerge facility, table editing with simple
- mathematical functions, extended dictionary facilities, booklet, label
- and draft printing, master pages and chapters, and font find and
- replace. Improvements have also been made to many existing facilities.
- 6.2
- The software comes on a single unprotected disc and can be installed on
- a hard disc or run from floppy. The utilities !Wordlist, !Table and
- !Mail are separate applications on the disc. These could be put onto
- another disc if you are using floppies, thus making room for extra fonts
- on your Pendown Plus disc. The program comes with only two fonts,
- Trinity and Corpus, with their medium, bold and italic variations, for
- the benefit of RISC-OS2 users. (RISC-OS3 already has them). Separate
- font directories are provided for RISC-OS 2 and RISC-OS 3.
- 6.2
- The documentation is an easy-to-follow A4-sized guide which takes you
- through the toolbox and menus step by step. For the more experienced
- user it acts as a handy reference.
- 6.2
- The version I received for this review was 1.13. All went very smoothly
- until I investigated the ‘New Chapter’ facility. With only a few words
- in the existing chapter, creating a new chapter lead to the program
- crashing with irretrievable loss of work. I contacted Longman logotron
- who were extremely helpful and kindly replaced the program with the
- latest version (1.18), and I am delighted to say I have found no
- problems. (Apparently only a limited number of version 1.13 were
- released for sale, and that version also had a problem with !Address
- List and !Table not launching properly on a 1Mb machine.)
- 6.2
- Getting started
- 6.2
- The program loads in the standard RISC-OS way. The style of the initial
- page depends on the default document called ‘Style’ which is saved
- within the Pendown Plus directory. This can be edited according to
- personal preference.
- 6.2
- There is a toolbox at the top of the screen with clear, self-explanatory
- icons. There is a small menu associated with the iconbar, and standard
- pop-up screen menu with submenus. At first I was a little concerned
- about the menus being rather long and confusing for many younger
- children; but then I found the ‘Configure’ dialogue box which enables
- you to turn off any number of toolbox and menu items, the latter
- completely disappearing from your menu lists. Unavailable toolbox items
- appear as greyed out icons. This makes the program extremely versatile
- and suitable for a wide range of users. There are many useful keyboard
- shortcuts which can be learnt, to prevent constant tracking through
- submenus.
- 6.2
- When loading a document, you are given the choice of overwriting the
- existing document or merging it by inserting it at the caret position or
- as a new chapter. A document can be saved in its entirety or just a
- block selection, either as a Pendown Plus file or as ASCII text. Pendown
- files can be loaded into Pendown Plus but not vice versa.
- 6.2
- Rulers and margins
- 6.2
- The Ruler icon can simply be dragged from the toolbox to the appropriate
- place on the page to insert a new ruler at the current line. There is
- also a vertical ruler, and both rulers can be shown in inches, centime
- tres or picas. Margins and Tab stops (to a limit of 16) are set for the
- current ruler by dragging coloured arrows across the horizontal ruler at
- the top of the page. This all seems to be particularly user-friendly.
- 6.2
- Graphics
- 6.2
- The second toolbox icon toggles into Graphics mode to enable imported
- pictures (sprites or drawfiles) to be moved and resized, but not rotated
- or edited. Text does not automatically flow round a picture but by
- inserting a new ruler at the appropriate position, the right or left
- hand margins can be dragged to create a space for the picture. This is,
- in fact, a very simple procedure allowing fairly precise placing of text
- and pictures on the page.
- 6.2
- Text editing
- 6.2
- From the Edit menu you have access to a Find and Replace dialogue box
- which may be simple or complex depending on the configuration. There is
- also a ‘Block’ menu − the selected block can be moved or copied to the
- caret position, deleted or moved or copied to the ‘bin’, which is like a
- clipboard. An ‘insert’ option allows automatic date and page numbering.
- 6.2
- Many changes to text are achieved through dialogue boxes which pop up
- from toolbox selections. Most of these dialogue boxes have a section
- entitled ‘scope’, offering the choice between ‘Current line’, ‘From line
- down’, ‘Whole document’ or ‘Marked block’. I like the consistency in
- this. In this way, font styles, leading and justification can be varied
- throughout the document. The latter offers left, right, centre and full
- justification and a final option entitled ‘zonal’, whereby part of a
- line can be to the right, part in the centre and a third section to the
- right. Text colour, underline, superscript and subscript can be selected
- when required. Lower case letters can be changed to capitals and vice
- versa, with the option to retain a capital for the first letter of each
- word. You can also toggle between insert and overwrite modes. Using the
- ‘font change’ option, all occurrences of a particular font style in the
- document can be changed.
- 6.2
- Pages and chapters
- 6.2
- Any page size can be defined and the view on screen scaled from 50 −
- 150%.
- 6.2
- A simple ‘turn to page’ box allows quick access to any page in a long
- document. New chapters are easily created at any point, with each
- chapter optionally having separate master pages for odd and even pages.
- It took me a while to grasp the master page editing. Headers and footers
- can be placed on the master page but the size and positioning of them is
- governed by the margins and tab stops on the vertical ruler. The margins
- on the document are not set automatically to coincide with the master
- page and, at one point, I found myself overwriting the page number as my
- document text area was encroaching into the footer area. Practice (and
- reading the instruction book!) makes perfect, as they say!
- 6.2
- Printing
- 6.2
- All printing was achieved straight away without any fiddly setup
- procedures. Two versions of the print dialogue box are available, the
- simpler one providing the choice between ‘current page’ or ‘whole
- document’, and allowing multiple copies. A more complex box extends this
- choice to any number of pages, with the additional options to scale any
- page to fit your printer paper, rotate any page through 90° and scale
- it, and also a ‘Double pages’ option which will produce an instant
- booklet (A5 on A4 paper). This was very simply done and I can see that
- it has excellent potential for use in junior schools. I tried all these
- options most successfully on both dot matrix and HP Deskjet printers. It
- also offers a draft print for dot matrix printers.
- 6.2
- Spelling
- 6.2
- The spelling checker offers continuous checking, or the option to check
- a single word, a section or the whole document. (The latter is a very
- slow process.) Suggestions for unrecognised words are given and the
- dictionary can be browsed. Words can be added to the dictionary.
- 6.2
- New dictionaries can be created using the !Wordlist utility which can
- also be very useful as a stand-alone program. It acts like a database,
- within which lists of words can be searched, sorted, grouped and also
- searched for anagrams and subgrams. Any text file loaded into Wordlist
- will be converted to an alphabetical word list with frequencies
- recorded. Clicking on any word in a list will insert it at the current
- caret position into any text processor (including Draw).
- 6.2
- Mailmerging
- 6.2
- Again, it is all very simple. A CSV (Comma Separated Values) file can be
- created using any text editor or database and imported into Pendown Plus
- by dragging it into a dialogue box.
- 6.2
- !Mail is a very handy little address database, accepting and creating
- CSV files. Sixteen fields are already named, with four more which are
- user-definable. You can use as few or as many as you like, but Surname
- must be included. It provides simple sort and search facilities on
- selected fields, and will print out labels.
- 6.2
- Tables
- 6.2
- The final utility supplied on the disc is !Table, which is a simple
- spreadsheet program. (Data is freely interchangeable as CSV files
- between this and Junior Pinpoint, or Pinpoint, within which you could
- carry out further calculations or produce charts and graphs). Tables of
- varying size can be created. Individual cells can contain text or
- numbers, all of which can be justified within the cell, and the final
- table saved as a CSV file or Drawfile for importing into Pendown Plus
- (or other DTP program). As a drawfile, it can optionally have the grid
- printed. Within Table, rows and columns can be moved or interchanged,
- totals and percentages can be calculated and up to four decimal places
- displayed.
- 6.2
- Conclusion
- 6.2
- Pendown Plus is an excellent user-friendly program. As a wordprocessor,
- it is extensive, although you must remember that it is not a desktop
- publishing program and lacks the flexibility of page layout provided by
- frame-based programs. Its ease of use does not limit the program’s
- ability to produce professional looking documents. The remarkable thing
- is its suitability for such a wide age range, right through primary and
- secondary schools and beyond, to Mum or Dad in the office. (We haven’t
- tried it out on the grandparents yet !)
- 6.2
- At £85, Pendown Plus would be pricey if all you were getting was a
- wordprocessor. (Pendown is £58 through Archive.) However, together with
- Mail, Table and Wordlist, Longman Logotron have come up with a very
- useful suite of programs at really quite a good price. A
- 6.2
- The Oldham Overlay Keyboard
- 6.2
- Rick Thorne
- 6.2
- Drop it, thump it, spill tea on it − the Oldham Overlay Keyboard is
- extremely robust and can withstand the rough treatment to which children
- may subject it. With its rounded edges, the beige coloured overlay
- keyboard is lightweight compared to the Concept Keyboard Company’s
- better-known product.
- 6.2
- The Oldham Overlay Keyboard is for use alongside the regular keyboard
- and to run it with an Archimedes three items are needed:
- 6.2
- 1) A user port, which does not come as a standard fitting on an
- Archimedes but is easily added at any time;
- 6.2
- 2) Paper − A3 paper which goes on the overlay keyboard, either as self-
- made or published overlays;
- 6.2
- 3) Software that allows the overlay keyboard to communicate with the
- computer. The Oldham Overlay Keyboard is compatible with existing
- software.
- 6.2
- There are 128 programmable touch-sensitive rectangles in a grid 16 × 8.
- At the top of the keyboard there is a strip of hidden function keys
- which allow options to be concealed. These are controlled by an on/off
- key situated away from the overlay which helps avoid the problem of keys
- such as Print/Finish being accidentally pressed. When a key is pressed,
- a beep is heard and an LED lights up briefly. It has a built-in switch
- interface which allows very young children, or older pupils with special
- educational needs, to use single switch programs. When the switch
- interface is in use, the overlay keyboard is disabled.
- 6.2
- Software
- 6.2
- There is already a substantial library of useful software supporting
- various areas of the curriculum. Most of the software is for use in
- early learning situations and for children with special educational
- needs and most has been written for use with BBC ‘B’ and Master
- computers. However, Northwest SEMERC have developed a variety of
- programs such as My World, Conform and Phases #2 for use with the
- Archimedes.
- 6.2
- The package
- 6.2
- The Oldham Overlay Keyboard is available for £120 and comes with an
- order form offering considerable discounts on a variety of software and
- a Q.E.D. lever switch, on a one-off basis. A booklet, “The Overlay
- Keyboard” by Jenny Taylor is also included in the package. It gives an
- overview of some of the ways overlay keyboards have been used in the
- educational field, details of 60 popular programs, and examples of how
- they have been used in various areas of the curriculum.
- 6.2
- Conclusion
- 6.2
- The Oldham Overlay Keyboard is a versatile resource for schools. It
- makes access to the computer easier in all areas of the curriculum
- because teachers can use published overlays or they can create their own
- to match the class project or activities that allow the individual to
- work at their own level. Considering its impressive appearance and
- extremely competitive price, I think we may see an end to the Concept
- Keyboard Company’s monopoly of overlay keyboards. The need to fit a user
- port to the computer is an added expense but I doubt whether it will
- deter prospective buyers. A
- 6.2
- LOOKsystems (p5) 47 Goodhale Road, Bowthorpe, Norwich NR5 9AY.
- (0603−764114) (0603−764011)
- 6.2
- Minerva Systems (p12) Minerva
- House, Baring Crescent, Exeter EX1 1TL. (0392−437756) (0392−421762)
- 6.2
- Oak Solutions (p28) Suite 25,
- Robin Enterprise Centre, Leeds Road, Idle, Yorkshire BD10 9TE.
- (0274−620423) (0274−620419)
- 6.2
- Palette Studio (p15) 6c/6d Belgic
- Square, Peterborough PE1 5XF. (0733−344245) (0733−315424)
- 6.2
- PDK Technologies 4 Meadow Way, Ampthill, Bedfordshire MK45 2QX.
- (0525−403541) (0525−403541)
- 6.2
- PEP Associates 34 Tiverton Way, Cambridge CB1 3TU. (0223−212251)
- 6.2
- RESOURCE Exeter Road, Doncaster DN2 4PY. (0302−340331)
- 6.2
- Richard Fallas & Associates Shakespeare
- Court, Grendon Underwood, Bucks HP18 0ST. (0296−770555) (0296−770555)
- 6.2
- Risc Developments (pp6/11) 117 Hatfield
- Road, St Albans, Herts AL1 4JS. (0727−40303) (0727−860263)
- 6.2
- Sherston Software Swan Barton, Sherston, Malmesbury, Wilts. SN16 0LH.
- (0666−840433) (0666−840048)
- 6.2
- Silica Software Systems Mallards,
- Lower Hardres, Canterbury, Kent, CT4 5NU
- 6.2
- Software 42 109 Ferry Road, Hullbridge, Essex SS5 6EL.
- 6.2
- Spacetech (p16) 21 West Wools, Portland, Dorset DT5 2EA.
- (0305−822753) (0305−860483)
- 6.2
- The Serial Port Burcott Manor, Wells, Somerset BA5 1NH. (0243−531194)
- (0243−531196)
- 6.2
- Turing Tools (p14) 149 Campbell
- Road, Cowley, Oxford OX4 3NX. (0865−775059)
- 6.2
- VisionSix Ltd 40 Royal Oak, Alnwick, Northumberland NE66 2DA.
- (0665−510682) (0665−510692)
- 6.2
- Wild Vision 15 Witney Way, Boldon Colliery, Tyne & Wear NE35 9PE.
- (091−519−1455) (091−519−1929)
- 6.2
-
- Volume 6 • Nº 3 • December 1992
- 6.3
- Positive Feedback
- 6.3
- The comparisons we did last month between Archive and another well-known
- Archimedes subscription magazine drew quite a bit of feedback from
- readers. Now, as anyone who runs such a publication well knows, people
- are usually much quicker to put pen to paper (or finger to keyboard) to
- complain than they are to make positive comments. I was particularly
- pleased, therefore, that the majority of the feedback was very positive.
- 6.3
- The message that came over loud and clear was, “Don’t increase the size
- from A5 to B5” and “If you need to increase the price, feel free − we
- think it’s worth it”. We didn’t get a single letter asking us not to
- increase the subscription rate. (I can see you’re all kicking yourself
- now and wishing you’d written to say, “No increase, please”!)
- 6.3
- So, by popular request... no, that’s not fair... because of the
- increased cost of printing and posting the issues that have 80 pages
- instead of 64, we are going to increase the subscription from £17 to
- £19. However, the increase won’t take effect until 1st February 1993.
- Any £17 subscriptions received before then will be honoured even if they
- are sent in before they are actually due.
- 6.3
- Negative Feedback
- 6.3
- N.C.S. had a stand at the Computer Shopper Show last month and, quite
- frankly, it was very depressing! “Is it a ’486?” was about the only
- question some “shoppers” knew how to ask. We told them that it was based
- on a “RISC processor” which Acorn had been using in their computers for
- nearly six years now. We also told them that IBM and Apple are now
- beginning to try using RISC chips in their computers. But then they
- asked the price... ...and walked on to the next stand!
- 6.3
- It wasn’t all negative, though. The few who stopped long enough to see
- the computers in action were actually quite impressed. The high point
- was a conversation with a gentleman who had been working on the Computer
- Shopper advice stand. He was an ex-A310 owner about to buy a “486DX
- 50MHzPQXWZ” (or something!) “because Acorn have been left way behind”.
- We showed him Artworks and Impression running on an A540 + CC graphics
- card + Eizo T560iT at 1600 × 600. He was absolutely amazed at the speed
- − “You’ve restored my faith in Acorn”, he said!
- 6.3
- Wishing you all a very Happy Christmas,
- 6.3
- Products Available
- 6.3
- • A4 Notebooks − At last, we have cleared all the back orders of A4
- Model II’s and can now supply them direct from stock. However, the A4
- Model I’s, the hard drive-less version, are still on what we call the
- RSN list − available ‘real soon now’!
- 6.3
- • Ace colour ProDriver − Ace have produced a version of their ProDriver
- for the Hewlett Packard DJ550C colour printer. The price is £47 inc VAT
- from Ace or £44 through Archive.
- 6.3
- • Acorn AKF17 monitors − Acorn have some AKF17 standard resolution
- monitors that they are trying to get rid of. They are brand new monitors
- as supplied with the A3000’s. They don’t have a tilt-and-swivel stand
- but otherwise they are functionally similar to the newer AKF30’s and
- 40’s. The price will be £150 including VAT and carriage from Archive.
- 6.3
- • Acorn Pocket Books − Acorn have changed their policy about Pocket
- Books. Non-educational dealers are now going to be allowed to sell them.
- In fact, we have several Pocket Books in stock.
- 6.3
- • Acorn Pocket Book accessories − Acorn say that the Pocket Book
- accessories will be available at the end of November, i.e. before this
- magazine is published. However, I suggest you ring us to check avail
- ability before sending orders. The items that we know about are: A-Link
- at £46, parallel printer link at £28, 128Kb RAM disc at £74, 256Kb flash
- disc at £65, 512Kb flash disc at £111, OPL Editor at £65 and the mains
- adaptor at £15. All these are VAT inclusive Archive prices.
- 6.3
- • Arcventure II − The Egyptians − Sherston Software have released their
- educational package aimed at 2nd and 3rd year juniors who are studying
- Egypt. The children join a simulated archaeological dig to see what they
- can find buried beneath the sand. The price is £29.95 +VAT from
- Sherston.
- 6.3
- • Automatic embroidery − TechSoft UK Ltd have produced a system which
- combines a Poem 500 computer controlled embroidery machine and Archi
- medes software called, Arc Embroidery. The system allows images created
- as Draw files to be embroidered directly onto a variety of materials
- (cotton cloth, felt, denim, jersey, etc) in an area up to 90 × 90mm and
- with a variety of user-definable stitches such as satin, ribbed, zig-
- zag, etc. The user can also control pattern size, stitch length, fill
- density, fill direction, etc. The software even prompts the user for
- thread changes as required. The price, including the software, is
- £749.95 + VAT.
- 6.3
- • Battery-Pack for BJ10ex − If you are using a BJ10ex with an A4, you
- can make the printer portable too by buying a battery-pack costing £46
- through Archive. This is trickle-charged from the normal power supply
- and allows the printer to be completely free-standing.
- 6.3
- • Budget games − Arcade is a set of four RISC-OS arcade games costing
- £5.95 (no VAT) from David Ramsden, 7 Chevet Lane, Wakefield, West
- Yorkshire WF2 6HN. Drop Rock is a Repton-type game from Soft Rock
- Software for £3.49 (no VAT). Winds of Change is ‘an Archimedes album’
- for £1.99 (no VAT) also from Soft Rock Software.
- 6.3
- • Canon BJ200 − Canon have now produced an updated version of their
- BJ10ex − the BJ200. This is functionally similar to the BJ10ex but
- faster − and it includes a cut sheet feeder as standard. Computer
- Concepts are producing a version of their Turbo-Driver software for it.
- The price of the software will be £49 +VAT from CC or £53 through
- Archive. The printers themselves are available from Archive for £340 inc
- VAT.
- 6.3
- • CD-ROM mastering − EESOX offer a low-cost CD-ROM mastering service.
- The cost can be as low as £150 for the first master and £50 for
- successive copies. These masters can then be used for mass production
- later, if required.
- 6.3
- • CD Simulator is a package to simulate the operation of a CD-ROM to
- help you in creating and testing your own CD-ROMs. The software costs
- £129 +VAT also from EESOX.
- 6.3
- • Colour cards − Two more colour cards are now available. SpeedGraph is
- produced by Evolution Trading Ltd in Switzerland (available through MAPS
- Ltd in the UK) and costs £350 (DM 950, sFr 900) all inclusive. It
- provides 1024 × 768 in 16 colours (chosen from 4096) and up to 800 × 600
- in 256 colours (restrictively chosen from 4096) and up to 1024 × 768 in
- 4096 colours for the display of static pictures. StateMachine G8 Plus is
- £249 +VAT (a recently reduced price) offers 1280 × 1024 in 4 colours,
- 1152 × 900 in 4 colours and 1152 × 848 in 16 colours on monitors that
- offer a 64 kHz or greater line rate. For professional work, StateMachine
- also offer the G8 Professional which provides 768 × 576 CCIR PAL. This
- costs £349 +VAT.
- 6.3
- (At the Computer Shopper Show, CC put one of their cards in my A540. It
- gave me, amongst other modes, 1600 × 600 in 16 colours on my Eizo T560iT
- with the computer still going at full speed. That will make a huge
- difference when it comes to laying out the magazine. I can’t wait to get
- a production model. Ed.)
- 6.3
- • Colour driver upgrade − Risc Developments have an upgrade to their
- 500C driver which will also now work with the DJ550C colour printer. The
- price is £15 + VAT + £2 carriage from Risc Developments.
- 6.3
- • Courses galore − Broad Oak Computers have extended their range of
- computer courses. They now offer BBC Basic V Programming, C Programming,
- Impression II, Pendown, Pipedream, Schema and WIMP Programming in BBC
- Basic.
- 6.3
- • Cyborg is an arcade-style, multi-location adventure game in which you
- don your cybertronic exo-skeletal suit(!) and face the terrors of an
- unknown planet. The price is £25.95 + £1 postage from Alpine Software.
- 6.3
- • Eureka NOT available − We said last month that Eureka was ‘due to
- emerge from its long gestation period at the end of October’. This was
- based what Longman Logotron’s press and telephone advice. However, they
- are now saying that they can ‘see no reason why you should not have it
- before Christmas’. We will NOT be mentioning Eureka again until it
- really is a ‘Product Available’!
- 6.3
- • Fervour is an action game from Clares. You roll a ball along intricate
- pathways with holes to be avoided and bonuses to be picked up en route −
- each level must be done within a set time limit. You can even create
- your own levels. The price is £24.95 from Clares or £23 through Archive.
- 6.3
- • Guardian (version3) is a virus killer that is ‘capable of killing all
- known Archimedes viruses’. This is available free of charge from Digital
- Phenomena and is also on this month’s program disc. A technical support
- and advice service is also provided free of charge on a Viewdata system
- (7E1) on 0705−871531.
- 6.3
- • HP Deskjet550C colour printer − Hewlett Packard have produced an
- improved colour printer based on their popular DJ500C. The DJ500C has a
- carriage that takes a single cartridge, either a black cartridge or a
- colour one. The disadvantage of this is that if you are using the colour
- cartridge, blacks come out a muddy colour. (It is possible to get round
- this by using colour separation software but it means changing cartri
- dges and passing the paper through the printer twice.)
- 6.3
- The new 550C, however, has both a black cartridge and a colour cartridge
- on the carriage. With appropriate driver software (such as Ace’s
- ProDriver mentioned above), the colour cartridge will automatically be
- used for the coloured bits while the black cartridge is used for the
- blacks − so the blacks really are black. The Archive price of the 550C
- is £590. (The Archive prices of the other HP Deskjet printers have been
- reduced. The DJ500 mono is now £380 and the DJ500C is £480.)
- 6.3
- • Impact the Database is Circle Software’s new database which has
- mailmerge links to Impression. It also provides direct data import and
- export, simple data selection filters, multiple indexing and label
- printing. The price is £58.69 inc VAT from Circle Software.
- 6.3
- • IronMask − Turing Tools have produced a password-controlled file
- security system for RISC-OS machines. Files shielded by IronMask are
- immune from RISC-OS filing operations − they cannot be opened, run,
- copied, moved, deleted or renamed. The price is £59 (no VAT) from Turing
- Tools.
- 6.3
- • LinkWord is ‘a new concept in language learning’ from Minerva. It is
- based on (human) memory techniques to enable you to learn a new language
- ‘2 to 3 times faster than conventional methods’. It is available in
- three languages − French, German and Spanish and costs £39.95 +VAT per
- language from Minerva or £44 through Archive.
- 6.3
- • Masterfile 3 − Risc Developments have released a new version of their
- Masterfile database so that it is now RISC-OS compliant. The price is
- £49 + VAT + £2 carriage from Risc Developments.
- 6.3
- • Monitor stands − We have found a source of monitor stands for A3010
- and A3020 computers − in the appropriate colours. They include a slot at
- the right for the floppy drive and on the left to enable you to get at
- the reset button. They cost £20 each through Archive.
- 6.3
- • NetView is a network utility program that allows an Archimedes station
- to view the screen of another BBC, Master or Archimedes on the network.
- The price is £34.99 (no VAT) from Sanjay Pattni, Flat 11, 86 Ifield
- Road, London SW10 9AD.
- 6.3
- • New titles from G.A.Herdmann Educational are Chemical Spectra at
- £19.99 (no VAT) and DTP Images discs 12 and 13 at £8.99 each (no VAT)
- which consist of clipart for science teachers.
- 6.3
- • Populous − Krisalis’ latest arcade adventure game for the Archimedes,
- Populous, is now available. The price is £29.99 from Krisalis or £28
- through Archive.
- 6.3
- • Rhythm-Bed is a full-blown drum sequencer from Clares costing £49.95
- or £46 through Archive. Percussion tracks can be built up on screen,
- played by the application through the Archimedes’ own sound output or on
- a MIDI instrument. The percussion sequence can also be transferred into
- other applications such as Rhapsody.
- 6.3
- • RISC-OS 3.10 − If you remember, Acorn’s Managing Director said (or
- implied) on 26th October that Acorn would be fulfilling all our back
- orders of RISC-OS 3.1 for RISC-OS 2 machines within three weeks. We are
- happy to say that we have now had enough to fulfil all back orders.
- (However, this does NOT apply to RISC-OS 3.1 for A5000 users − these are
- still in short supply.) We have a few left as free stock but it might be
- better to ring to enquire about availability before sending in an order
- because demand continues to out-strip supply.
- 6.3
- • Sound Engineer is EMR’s application for handling sound samples. It
- provides envelope shaping, full use via MIDI, re-pitching, etc. Sounds
- can be played through its control panel, via a keyboard window or
- through a MIDI instrument. Its features include threshold recording, cut
- & paste, auto-looping, 3D FFT printout, direct disc playback, harmonic
- wave generation plus spectrum analyser, oscilloscope and amplitude
- displays. The cost is £59 +VAT from EMR.
- 6.3
- • TextAid is a set of utilities for manipulating text. It can be used
- alongside other RISC-OS packages and provides user-definable macros,
- conversion between CSV, TSV and text. It also has the ability to insert
- printer control-codes. It costs £9.95 inclusive from Rheingold
- Enterprises.
- 6.3
- Review software received...
- 6.3
- We have received review copies of the following: Ancient Greece, Arcade,
- Chaos (game), CSVtoText, Cyborg, Desktop Office II, Drop Rock, Easiword
- II, Fantasy + Fiddles & Drums (SmArt files), Fervour, Help3, Impact,
- NetView, Oh no! More Lemmings, Polyominoes, Precision, Punctuate,
- Soapbox, TextAid, The Puddle and the Wardrobe, ThinkLink, Tiles, TV Fun
- & Games, Whale Facts, Yes Chancellor II. A
- 6.3
- Government Health Warning − Reading this could seriously affect your
- spiritual health.
- 6.3
- “Christmas comes but once a year... ” ...thank goodness! There are more
- family break-ups and suicides at Christmas than at any other time of the
- year. Why? Well, I suppose that, for the lonely, Christmas is a time
- when everyone else is with friends and family − which accentuates their
- lonliness. And for those with family problems, having to spend time with
- family can be just what they don’t want to do!
- 6.3
- I often think life would be much easier if it weren’t for... people! It
- takes such an effort sometimes to build relationships with other people.
- Why should we bother? Well, surely it’s because the only truly satisfy
- ing things in life come from good relationships with other people.
- 6.3
- The trouble is that developing relationships is SUCH hard work. That’s
- true − and what’s more, the Bible tells us why it’s such hard work. It
- suggests that unless we get our relationship with God right first, we
- really don’t stand much chance of getting our relationships right with
- other people. If you want to know how you can get your relationship with
- God right, ask a committed Christian − I’m sure they’ll be please to
- share the Good News of CHRISTmas with you − the greatest gift of all
- time!
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- Norwich Computer Services 96a Vauxhall Street, Norwich, NR2 2SD.
- 0603−766592 (−764011)
- 6.3
- Abacus Training 29 Okus Grove, Upper Stratton, Swindon, Wilts SN2
- 6QA.
- 6.3
- Ace Computing 27 Victoria Road, Cambridge CB4 3BW. (0223−322559)
- (0223−69180)
- 6.3
- Acorn Computers Ltd Fulbourn
- Road, Cherry Hinton, Cambridge CB1 4JN. (0223−254254) (0223−254260)
- 6.3
- Aleph One Ltd The Old Courthouse, Bottisham, Cambridge CB5 9BA.
- (0223−811679) (0223−812713)
- 6.3
- Alpine Software P.O.Box 25, Portadown, Craigavon BT63 5UT.
- (0762−342510)
- 6.3
- Atomwide Ltd 23 The Greenway, Orpington, Kent BR5 2AY. (0689−838852)
- (0689−896088)
- 6.3
- Broad Oak Computers High Street,
- Hatfield Broad Oak, Bishop’s Stortford, Herts. CM22 7HE. (0279−507727)
- 6.3
- C.I.S. Unit 2a, 436 Essex Road, London N1 3QP. (071−226−3340)
- (071−226−3408)
- 6.3
- Circle Software 33 Restrop View, Purton, Swindon, Wilts SN5 9DG.
- (0793−770021)
- 6.3
- Clares Micro Supplies 98 Mid
- dlewich Road, Rudheath, Northwich, Cheshire CW9 7DA. (0606−48511)
- (0606−48512)
- 6.3
- Colton Software (p5) 2 Signet
- Court, Swanns Road, Cambridge CB5 8LA. (0223−311881) (0223−312010)
- 6.3
- Computer Concepts (p40/41) Gaddesden
- Place, Hemel Hempstead, Herts HP2 6EX. (0442−63933) (0442−231632)
- 6.3
- Cream PD 38 Baunton, Cirencester Gloucester GL7 7BB.
- 6.3
- Dalriada Data Technology (p31) 145 Albion
- Street, Kenilworth, Warkwickshire CV8 2FY. (0926−53901)
- 6.3
- David Pilling P.O.Box 22, Thornton Cleveleys, Blackpool, FY5 1LR.
- 6.3
- Digital Phenomena 104 Manners
- Road, Southsea, Hants PO4 0BG.
- 6.3
- EESOX 5 Hillfield Road, Comberton, Cambridge CB3 7DB. (0223−264242)
- 6.3
- Electronic Font Foundry Granville
- House, 50-52 Upper Village Road, Ascot SL5 7AQ. (0344−28698)
- (0344−872923)
- 6.3
- EMR Ltd 14 Mount Close, Wickford, Essex SS11 8HG. (0702−335747)
- 6.3
- Evolution Trading AG Industries
- trasse 12, CH-3178 Bösingen, Switzerland. (010−41 +31−747−6531)
- (+31−747−6596)
- 6.3
- G.A.Herdman 43 Saint Johns Drive, Clarborough, Retford, Notts DN22
- 9NN. (0777−700918) (also 0777−700918)
- 6.3
- Hands-On Midi Software 3 Bell Road,
- Cosham, Portsmouth, Hampshire. PO6 3NX
- 6.3
- ICS Ltd (p39) 1 Kington Road, West Kirby, Wirral L48 5ET.
- (051−625−1006) (051−625−1007)
- 6.3
- Klein Computers Hasslocherstrasse 73, D-6090 Ruesselsheim, Germany.
- (010−49−6142−81131) (81256)
- 6.3
- Krisalis Software Teque House,
- Mason’s Yard, Downs Row, Moorgate, Rotherham S60 2HD. (0709−372290)
- 6.3
- Longman-Logotron 124 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4
- 4ZS. (0223−425558) (0223−425349)
- 6.3
- LOOKsystems (p31) 47 Goodhale Road, Bowthorpe, Norwich NR5 9AY.
- (0603−764114) (0603−764011)
- 6.3
- MAPS Ltd P.O.Box 2841, 87 Vivian Road, Harborne, Birmingham B17 0DL.
- (021−428−2696) (021−428−2696)
- 6.3
- Minerva Systems Minerva House, Baring Crescent, Exeter EX1 1TL.
- (0392−437756) (0392−421762)
- 6.3
- Morley Electronics Morley
- House, Norham Road, North Shields, Tyne & Wear NE29 7TY. (091−257−6355)
- (091−257−6373)
- 6.3
- Oak Solutions (p26) Suite 25,
- Robin Enterprise Centre, Leeds Road, Idle, Yorkshire BD10 9TE.
- (0274−620423) (0274−620419)
- 6.3
- PEP Associates 34 Tiverton Way, Cambridge CB1 3TU. (0223−212251)
- 6.3
- Ray Maidstone 421 Sprowston Road, Norwich NR3 4EH. (0603−400477)
- (0603−417447)
- 6.3
- Rheingold Enterprises 17 Ingfield
- Terrace, Slaithwaite, Huddersfield HD7 5BJ. (0925−210657)
- 6.3
- Risc Developments (pp6/10) 117 Hatfield
- Road, St Albans, Herts AL1 4JS. (0727−40303) (0727−860263)
- 6.3
- Sherston Software Swan Barton,
- Sherston, Malmesbury, Wilts. SN16 0LH. (0666−840433) (0666−840048)
- 6.3
- Software 42 109 Ferry Road, Hullbridge, Essex SS5 6EL.
- 6.3
- Soft Rock Software 124 Marissal
- Road, Henbury, Bristol BS10 7NP. (0272−761685)
- 6.3
- Spacetech (p32) 21 West Wools, Portland, Dorset DT5 2EA.
- (0305−822753) (0305−860483)
- 6.3
- State Machine 75 Upper Wellington Street, Luton, Bedfordshire LU1
- 5AA. (0582−483377) (0582−480833)
- 6.3
- Techsoft UK Ltd (p9) Old School
- Lane, Erryrs, Mold, Clwyd CH7 4DA. (082−43318)
- 6.3
- Turing Tools 149 Campbell Road, Cowley, Oxford OX4 3NX. (0865−775059)
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- Computer Concepts
- 6.3
- From 6.2 page 40
- 6.3
- Computer Concepts
- 6.3
- From 6.2 page 41
- 6.3
- Paul Beverley
- 6.3
- Colton
- 6.3
- New Artwork
- 6.3
- Risc Developments (1)
- 6.3
- New Artwork
- 6.3
- Hints and Tips
- 6.3
- • A3010 joystick ports − several A3010s have been returned to Acorn with
- complaints of faulty joystick ports. They are not faulty. The A3010 is
- the first Archimedes to have a built-in digital (i.e. Atari-style)
- joystick port and because of this, many of the games already available
- do not cater for digital joysticks. This is a fairly major problem and
- hopefully someone will soon produce some sort of patch (either hardware
- or software) which allows digital joysticks to be used in place of the
- more common proportional joysticks (such as the Voltmace Delta). Until
- then, two sources of information about digital joystick interfaces are
- The Leading Edge and Beebug.
- 6.3
- • A4 Portable Guide − on page 31 of this guide, the pin-out diagram for
- the AKF18 monitor is slightly incorrect. Pins 13 and 14 (horizontal and
- vertical sync) have been reversed.
- 6.3
- • Artworks & Impression dongles − There appears to be a clash between
- these two dongles when using an A5000 and a JP-150: printouts appear
- with spurious information across them. Computer Concepts say that the
- problem only occurs between A5000s and JP-150 printers and add that they
- are looking into the problem.
- 6.3
- • Banner-making − I have just seen, in Archive 6.1, a review of a
- program called Banner.
- 6.3
- If you own a printer which takes fanfold paper, there is an alternative
- way for making banners. (By the way, fanfold paper does not need
- sprocket holes if you are careful about the line-up and select friction
- feed, so normal paper rolls can be used. For example, the Colourjet 132
- users can print banners in this way.)
- 6.3
- The print margins on all the Acorn printer drivers are user-definable
- and as long as you want to print out banners shorter in length than A0,
- extending the appropriate print margin and setting Draw to A0 landscape
- will normally allow satisfactory banners to be produced. (Changing the
- print margins is described in the manuals; change only the height of the
- page to whatever you wish and leave the width alone.) If print margins
- are shown, keeping to these will ensure that none of the picture is
- lost.
- 6.3
- The additional flexibility of Draw, especially in conjunction with the
- drawfile utilities (!FontFX, !DrawBender, etc) would, in my opinion,
- offset most of the ease of use of Banner, except perhaps in primary
- schools.
- 6.3
- Note that the printer should not be set to skip perforations, or
- problems will result, but I have had no difficulty in printing banners
- on an Epson LX and even a Colourjet 132 in this manner.
- 6.3
- For those requiring longer banners, !Draw½ and, I believe, !Draw+
- (Careware 13) allow an option to set the work area to the print margins,
- which will then enable them to use the longer pages which the printer
- driver can handle but, again, for a banner you should set the page to be
- much taller than normal in the printer driver and edit the display in
- landscape mode. I have used this to produce banners several metres long.
- 6.3
- I am sure Banner is a very useful package and I have not attempted to
- use it but I would be unwilling to spend £15 when the same effect seems
- to be available from the software supplied with the machine and
- Careware. Andrew Garrard, Cambridge.
- 6.3
- • Banner-making again − Recently I needed to print up a large banner for
- a meeting, and wondered how I should go about it. Of course, I could
- always have bought ‘Banner’ for £15 but, for a once off job, I thought
- this just a touch extravagant. This set me thinking... Impression can
- define master pages as big as you like... hmm... This is what I did, and
- it works!
- 6.3
- 1. Open a new document in Impression
- 6.3
- 2. Create a new Master Page (Custom Job) − Width: 1000 and Depth: 210
- 6.3
- 3. Return to the document and set the Master Page in Alter Chapter
- 6.3
- 4. Set the Font Size to 500
- 6.3
- 5. Type in “Hello World!” or whatever
- 6.3
- 6. Set the printer driver page size to − Height: 1000 and Width: 210
- 6.3
- 7. Set the Impression Print Dialogue to print sideways, and fire away
- 6.3
- Warning − this is not ‘printer ribbon friendly’... in fact, it is
- positively ‘printer ribbon hostile’! Philip Lardner, Co. Wicklow,
- Ireland.
- 6.3
- • CC BJ10ex Turbo Driver − It seems that the only method of using the
- Turbo Driver with the PC Emulator is to load !BJ10e and quit it again
- before loading the emulator. Chris McIntosh, Blackheath.
- 6.3
- • Programming the Serial Port (Vertical Twist) graphics board − On the
- monthly program disc is a series of programs which, in themselves, do
- nothing much. However, they show how the 65000 colour modes can be
- accessed from Basic and C.
- 6.3
- They mainly show how to draw lines, circles and fill shapes. Most do not
- need any interaction. Fill requires five mouse selections to create to
- outline − the sixth should be inside the box.
- 6.3
- Lines − just move the mouse and press <select> to change colour.
- 6.3
- 15_120ASM converts mode 15/21 sprites to mode 120. Copy the sprite image
- to the floppy’s root directory before running. It’s not very fast. Jim
- Bailey, Sunderland.
- 6.3
- • Squirrel update − Digital Services have upgraded Squirrel from version
- 1.07. Currently, Squirrel is being supplied with the original V1.07 disc
- and manual and a V1.20 upgrade disc. A new manual is due out soon and
- Digital Services will send all existing Squirrel owners this new copy
- providing they have registered.
- 6.3
- • VIDC enhancer & RISC-OS 3.10 − There can be problems using very early
- Atomwide VIDC enhancer hardware with RISC-OS 3.10. It appears that if
- the enhancer is software switched, RISC-OS 3.10 will automatically
- switch it on which prevents the computer from starting up correctly. To
- solve the problem, you have two choices: (a) at the command line, type
- *FX 162,&BC,&80 and switch your machine off, then on again, to check
- that the command has worked (full details are on page 14 in the RISC OS
- 3.10 release note) or (b) return the enhancer hardware to Atomwide with
- £5 and they will modify the hardware so that it works correctly.
- 6.3
- • Vision Digitiser. As I concluded in my review of the monochrome
- version of this product (Archive 5.12.42), the package is amazing value
- for money. However, the supplied software is a little basic. Further
- more, Robert Golightly at HCCS tells me that the software module
- (promised in the !ReadMe file) to provide * commands and SWIs for users
- to write their own programs has a priority below that of the 512-line
- upgrade, and is not likely to appear in the near future.
- 6.3
- All is not lost, for the software – at least the monochrome version – is
- written using Basic’s in-line assembler, and so can be modified by the
- careful user.
- 6.3
- For example, as it stands, the !Vision application always demands 450Kb
- of memory. For those with 1M machines, or those who like to multi-task
- it with other memory-demanding applications, it would be useful to be
- able to reduce this. Examination of the code reveals that a 320Kb screen
- buffer is reserved, whatever screen mode you are using. 320Kb will be
- needed for mode 21, but only 160Kb for modes 15 and 20, and 80Kb for
- mode 12. If you haven’t a multi-sync monitor and want to save 160Kb of
- memory when using !Vision, change the following lines of a copy of
- !RUNIMAGE, having first checked that the first line of the !Run file
- shows that you have Version 1.0, dated March 1992.
- 6.3
- 130 DIM M% 210000
- 6.3
- 8650 BNE mode_error
- 6.3
- 23260 EQUD 163840
- 6.3
- 23460 FN_work (163840)
- 6.3
- Then amend line 2 of !Run to read:
- 6.3
- wimpslot -min 288K -max 288K
- 6.3
- I’m working on other possible improvements to the software, such as mode
- 67 compatibility, but it occurs to me that others might be doing the
- same. If you are interested in participating in an informal user-group
- for the Vision Digitiser, please send an SAE to Stuart Bell, 23 Ryecroft
- Drive, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 2AW. A
- 6.3
- TechSoft
- 6.3
- From 6.2 page 19
- 6.3
- TechSoft
- 6.3
- From 6.2 page 15
- 6.3
- Risc Developments (2)
- 6.3
- New Artwork
- 6.3
- Using RISC-OS 3
- 6.3
- Hugh Eagle
- 6.3
- Many thanks to all those who have sent in material about RISC-OS 3.10.
- Hugh has done a lot of work for us in collating all this information, so
- read it carefully, check it out on your own systems and let us know if
- you find solutions to some of the problems and/or see more problems.
- This kind of information is very valuable indeed in terms of helping
- other people who have to go through the same learning curve as you, with
- the new operating system.
- 6.3
- I think it would also be good to send in a few ‘I hadn’t realised that
- you could... ...but it makes life much easier’comments.
- 6.3
- By the way, as at 28/11/92, N.C.S. actually has the £50 upgrades in
- stock although A5000 owners will still have to be patient, I’m afraid.
- Ed.
- 6.3
- (Throughout the column, references to RISC-OS 3 mean RISC-OS 3.10 unless
- otherwise stated. HE)
- 6.3
- After ‘The Long Wait’ and an acute dose of ‘Bent Pin Anxiety’, I had, to
- cap it all, ‘The Hunt For The Missing Apps 1 Disc’. After all that, I
- was quite surprised to find that the machine actually worked when I
- turned it on!
- 6.3
- Reconfiguring it so that it ran as well as it did before the upgrade,
- was quite a fiddly process. The main hint I would give to anyone who
- hasn’t yet done the upgrade is: watch your Fontmax settings!
- 6.3
- • In the Memory section of !Configure don’t be misled by the illustra
- tion on page 94 of the manual. You can not safely leave the “Font cache
- limit” setting at zero and expect the operating system to default to a
- sensible limit as you can with most of the other memory settings. Unless
- you set “Font cache” to a reasonably large amount, you must set a larger
- “Font cache limit”. (On a 4Mb machine, I have them set to 128Kb and
- 512Kb respectively.)
- 6.3
- • If you have a multisync monitor, read the bit on page 119 (in the
- section on screen modes!) when deciding what settings to use for anti-
- aliasing and cached bitmaps in the Fonts section of !Configure.
- 6.3
- • Keith Lowe adds − Where the upgrade instructions tell you to hold down
- the Delete key until the power-on self-test has been completed, they
- mean don’t release the key until text has appeared on the screen!
- Otherwise your old configuration will still be there and that can cause
- no end of confusion!
- 6.3
- • Ed Harris encountered problems in installing the user fit ROM carrier
- board from IFEL to his A310. IFEL were very helpful in providing advice
- and when Keith was still unable to track down his mistake, they sorted
- it out and returned it by return with only a nominal charge to cover
- their costs. Many thanks to IFEL.
- 6.3
- • Mark Lambert reports problems trying to install RISC-OS 3 in an A310
- fitted with a Watford 4Mb RAM upgrade (the second edition with a
- vertical daughterboard holding the processor). Watford have told him
- that a simple wire link is required on the RAM board but, as yet, they
- have not told him the exact details. Does anyone happen to know the
- details of the link required?
- 6.3
- • Steve Hutchinson writes: I was assured that it was quite simple to do
- the necessary hardware upgrade to my old A440. In the event, I managed
- it without hiccup but it was not quite so simple. I had to remove the
- main circuit board from the case − which means unplugging loads of
- things in my machine with all its upgrades. If you haven’t reasonable
- electronic experience, think twice!
- 6.3
- And is the upgrade worth it? For 1Mb or floppy disc only users, the
- answer must surely be yes. It must be a godsend to have the standard
- applications, plus fonts, plus modules, all in ROM. For hard disc owners
- .... well, what do you think? Some readers have no doubts.
- 6.3
- Ed Harris, for instance, writes: All in all, I have found RISC-OS 3.1 to
- be a great improvement on an already excellent operating system (RISC-OS
- 2) and well worth the cost of the upgrade. However, I wonder whether
- others share my disappointment that the improvements were not more
- dramatic? Perhaps now is the time for us to begin to compile a Wish List
- of things we would like to see in RISC-OS 4.
- 6.3
- Why not send your thoughts either to Archive or to me at the address at
- the end of this column?
- 6.3
- Most programs work well in RISC-OS 3
- 6.3
- Robert Macmillan of Colton Software has written to point out (further to
- Gerald Fitton’s comments in the Pipeline Column of Archive 6.1) that not
- only do all versions of Pipedream from 3.10 onwards work in RISC-OS 3,
- they all work better with RISC-OS 3. This is because RISC-OS 3 has the
- latest versions of system software built in and these perform better
- than the old versions supplied with RISC-OS 2. In particular, the font
- manager is much, much faster and the benefits of having the fonts built
- in make it possible for floppy disc users to make good use of fonts
- without inordinate disc swapping.
- 6.3
- Robert suggests that Archive should publish a table showing which of the
- most popular software packages work, and which don’t work or need
- upgrading. Judging by the number of needless phone calls he has been
- receiving, this would be of great benefit to users considering the
- upgrade to RISC-OS 3.
- 6.3
- I think the drawback with this idea is that although most people will
- report that most programs work perfectly well (and the list could
- potentially fill much of the magazine) some programs that do work well
- for most people seem to cause problems for some others.
- 6.3
- However, I do agree that it is important to emphasise that most programs
- do work and so, to set the ball rolling, I confirm that, from my limited
- experience and that of my friends, the following generally seem to work
- well:
- 6.3
- all the standard Acorn applications
- 6.3
- Impression 2.17 (but see below)
- 6.3
- Poster 1.21
- 6.3
- Artworks (all versions)
- 6.3
- Vector
- 6.3
- TWO
- 6.3
- Squirrel
- 6.3
- Pacmania
- 6.3
- E-Type
- 6.3
- Twin World
- 6.3
- Lemmings
- 6.3
- Gods
- 6.3
- Programs that need minor modifications
- 6.3
- • Sigmasheet (Minerva) must have FPEmulator in the same directory, even
- though that module is in ROM. (John Waddell)
- 6.3
- • First Word Plus release 1.1 − As my current word processor is First
- Word Plus release 1, I was worried by the assertion in the release notes
- that this was unuseable under RISC-OS 3.1. This happily proved not to be
- the case. If colour 14 within the WIMP palette is redefined, the menus
- become legible. I have created an obey file to invoke 1WP (on the
- monthly program disc) which loads a modified palette on entry and
- restores the default palette on exit. Using this, I have experienced no
- problems running 1WP. (Ed Harris)
- 6.3
- • DiscTree does not work correctly under RISC-OS 3. Oak Solutions are
- working on the problem.
- 6.3
- • InterWord – My copy of InterWord has its own directory in the hard
- disc root directory. It runs in 65Tube, which isn’t where it used to be
- under RISC-OS 2, and appears under a different name. To get InterWord
- going again, copy the new App2.!65Tube.!RunImage to the InterWord
- directory and rename it as 65Tube; it should now be sitting alongside
- !IWord in that directory. In the I/WORD.!IWORD.!RUN file, insert the
- following line after Set Interword$Dir <Obey$Dir>:
- 6.3
- RMLoad ADFS::HD4.$.IWORD.65Tube
- 6.3
- (where HD4 is the name of the hard disc). Double click on !IWORD in the
- usual way to start it.
- 6.3
- A similar method should apply to single floppy machines by substituting
- the appropriate floppy name for that of the hard disc above. (Ken Cowap)
- 6.3
- • Holed Out – I have a boot file on the hard disc which sets up the
- machine with some applications on the iconbar and some more on the
- pinboard. The golf game “Holed Out” finds this environment disagreeable
- and won’t start. The following gets it going:
- 6.3
- *CONFIGURE DRIVE 0
- 6.3
- *MOUNT :0
- 6.3
- <shift-break> (machine re-boots to bare-bones iconbar)
- 6.3
- Click Drive 0 icon to get “Holed Out” filer
- 6.3
- Double click !Boot
- 6.3
- Terminate the game with:
- 6.3
- Shift/Break
- 6.3
- *CONFIGURE DRIVE 4
- 6.3
- *MOUNT:4
- 6.3
- <ctrl-break> (machine re-boots to populated iconbar, etc) (Ken Cowap)
- 6.3
- • Chocks Away – The flight simulator Chocks Away isn’t quite so fussy
- about a populated iconbar and will generally start normally. However, if
- it does object, it may help to try a <ctrl-break> followed immediately
- by <escape>, which re-boots to an unpopulated iconbar, then double click
- on !Chocks. (Ken Cowap)
- 6.3
- Other program problems
- 6.3
- Mike Williams has supplied a list of programs that he has found don’t
- work under RISC-OS 3.1:
- 6.3
- Ground Control Teletext Adaptor (At the A.U. Show, Ground Control
- said they weren’t aware of any problems. HE.)
- 6.3
- Clares’ Arcade Games
- 6.3
- Quazer
- 6.3
- StarTrader
- 6.3
- Arcendium
- 6.3
- Corruption
- 6.3
- Terramex
- 6.3
- Boogie Buggy
- 6.3
- Ed Harris has found several public domain applications that have failed
- to run:
- 6.3
- Mandelplot (garbage on screen − machine locks)
- 6.3
- ChartDraw (“illegal window handle” error)
- 6.3
- Hyper (“illegal window handle” error)
- 6.3
- • Computer Concepts admit that ShowPage does not work with RISC-OS 3 and
- say that they have no plans to get it working with RISC-OS 3. There just
- is not the demand for this product to make it worthwhile doing the
- upgrade which is more like a complete re-write for the new operating
- system.
- 6.3
- Denis Fox reports problems with:
- 6.3
- • Impression (2.17) and LaserDirect (2.05) work much more slowly, even
- with Fontsize set to 256Kb and Fontmax to 512Kb. There are regular poor
- printouts, sometimes with patterned effects in what should be black
- areas, hang ups when transferring lots of text between documents and
- continual error messages when printing. (I have a similar setup but have
- not noticed any deterioration in performance. HE.)
- 6.3
- To help the speed, I suggest you try NOT using the ROM fonts − then you
- can have Quick Text switched on. To do this, add a FontRemove
- Resources:$.Fonts. in the !Fonts.!Boot file before the FontInstall
- <Obey$Dir>. command.
- 6.3
- I have once had the patterned effect in black areas but quitting and
- restarting the printer driver cleared it. Ed
- 6.3
- • Multistore V11 not printing with a Star LC24-200. (At the AU Show,
- Minerva said there may be problems with earlier versions and that users
- experiencing such difficulties should contact them quoting their version
- number. HE.)
- 6.3
- • Scanlight Plus 256 not working at all. (There are no known problems.
- Are you sure you have a power supply connected to the board? You do need
- the p.s.u. connected even on the A5000. Ed.)
- 6.3
- • A number of people have had problems (mainly “illegal window handle”
- errors) with versions up to 1.07 of my PD application PickAPic. I found
- that there was an error in the code that only occasionally caused
- problems in RISC-OS 2, but caused the program to crash quite often in
- RISC-OS 3, presumably because of a change in the way the window manager
- numbers its windows. Anyone who wants an upgrade to the latest version
- please write to me at the address at the bottom of this column. (Hugh
- Eagle)
- 6.3
- • Droom – I can’t get Droom to work. It reports “Not enough system
- sprite memory” whether I use Memalloc and the *Spritesize command (this
- used to work in RISC-OS 2), or the new *ChangeDynamicArea command, or
- whether I set the System sprites slider in the Task Manager window.
- (Hugh Eagle)
- 6.3
- • Compression − Computer Concepts have informed me that the release note
- for version 3.10 is slightly too pessimistic when it claims that
- Compression (up to version 1.10) does not work on RISC_OS 3.10. What
- apparently happens is that sometimes when you compress a directory with
- several files, the last file, instead of being processed, produces an
- error message. It can then be compressed singly. (In the first two weeks
- of working with the new OS, I have had no trouble with Compression, so
- the problem appears to be marginal. HE) (Jochen Konietzko)
- 6.3
- • Impression and the Pinboard − Can anyone tell me why the Pinboard has
- such problems with Impression documents?
- 6.3
- When I drag a compressed document onto the desktop, the next reset will
- produce an error message “Sprite does not exist”. Without Compression,
- the document does appear on the desktop but the Impression icon is
- replaced by the standard application icon. (Jochen Konietzko) (I seem to
- have no difficulty with Impression icons on the Pinboard in my
- Compression-less setup. HE)
- 6.3
- • PC Emulator (version 1.6) – I applied the patch to my copy of the PC
- Emulator (Version 1.6) and changed the filetype of the DOS partitions to
- DOSDisc as recommended in the release notes. I then found that the
- machine locked whenever I ran the emulator, even after a <ctrl-break>.
- Things worked perfectly, however, after the machine had been powered off
- and restarted. (Ed Harris)
- 6.3
- • Trouble with !FontFX − It has already been documented, at least twice,
- that !FontFX will not run under RISC-OS 3 and the suggested “fix” is to
- reset Font$Path using *SetMacro. Having done this, I still can’t get it
- to use the Trinity and Homerton fonts supplied in ROM. To get round the
- problem, I have renamed the original RISC-OS 2 versions OldTrinity and
- OldHomertn and installed them in my !Fonts directory on disc. Now
- choosing these from the fonts list in !FontFX works beautifully. So far
- there have been no side effects!
- 6.3
- It occurs to me that the problem may be that !FontFX is looking for
- files called IntMetric and Outlines (there are lots of references to
- these names in the !RunImage) whereas the files in ResourcesFS are
- stored as IntMetric() and Outlines(). The real answer would be for the
- program to be amended to accept either version of the filenames. I shall
- speak to DataStore to find out if they intend to make the necessary
- alterations. (Tom Harkness)
- 6.3
- The release notes say that FontFX must be more recent than 4.31 to work.
- My version, 4.08, works fine so long as you don’t use ROM fonts. If you
- do try to, it reports ‘Can’t find outlines’ and promptly exits from the
- iconbar! All other fonts seem fine, even from multiple directories.
- (Steve Hutchinson)
- 6.3
- • Ovation – Ovation meets a problem or two with RISC-OS 3 despite its
- recent update (version 1.35S). If text is indented (e.g. at the start of
- a paragraph) and is also justified, the correct format is presented on
- screen but when printed, the indented line projects to the right beyond
- the text frame. It is understood that Risc Developments are working on
- this. Also, if Ovation encounters a faulty outline font (e.g. containing
- a zero-width character, not uncommon in some PD fonts) it puts out an
- incorrect error message saying that the font cache is full. This bug is
- more likely to be purely Ovation’s rather than in conjunction with RISC-
- OS 3, but hasn’t been resolved as yet (except of course by ensuring that
- outline fonts are fault-free). (Ken Cowap)
- 6.3
- • ArcDFS – Since fitting the RISC-OS 3 upgrade, ArcDFS no longer works
- correctly and consistently comes up with error messages. This causes me
- great problems since, throughout our group of companies, we possess some
- 50+ Acorn BBC units ranging from the old BBC Model B’s (yes, they’re
- still going strong after eight years of service) through to Master
- 128’s.
- 6.3
- We are only just moving on to Archimedes and to maintain our wealth of
- information accumulated on our Beebs, I am transferring files from DFS
- to ADFS via a set of external 5¼“ disc drives I have had connected to my
- A3000. This has worked perfectly in the past with complete surfaces of
- DFS discs being transferred to ADFS in seconds. Without ArcDFS, I am
- left with only one solution − to *MOVE individual DFS files to 640Kb
- ADFS discs using a Master Series Computer and then transferring these
- 640Kb discs to the Archimedes. Clearly, this is a retrograde step after
- the convenience of ArcDFS.
- 6.3
- I have been in contact with Dabs Press and, although they are aware of
- the problem, they could not tell me whether or not they were going to
- make the necessary modifications to their software! I sincerely hope
- they receive a large enough response from their users to persuade them
- to produce an upgrade for this product. (S. J. Furnell)
- 6.3
- • !Alarm – A couple of tricky little bugs exist in the new Alarm
- application. I’ve already reported these to Risc User and trust they
- will advise Acorn in turn. If the Repeating Alarm facility is used to
- operate, say, every first Monday of every month, it malfunctions when
- the next month comes up to December. It advances a year instead of a
- month, going from November 1992 to December 1993.
- 6.3
- Perhaps less important, but still a nuisance if you want to use it, is
- the bug in the automatic BST to GMT facility. It refuses to accept
- entries for two different years such as were needed at the recent change
- on 25th October. Before that date, it should have been in order to enter
- 6.3
- BST starts on Sunday 28th March 1993 at 01:00
- 6.3
- BST ends on Sunday 25th October 1992 at 01:00
- 6.3
- but Alarm invalidates such an entry by altering the “starts” date to be
- earlier than the “ends” date. If one capitulates and enters the two real
- changeover dates for 1992, (hoping that Alarm will calculate forward
- into 1993) Alarm does indeed respond with a date in 1993 but only about
- 11 months ahead, on 1st March 1993. There is a fundamental difficulty
- for the programmer here. The changeover date doesn’t, as far as I know,
- follow a properly defined rule and tends to be arbitrary. I suspect that
- the programmer intended to issue a reminder to the operator 11 months
- after the last change so that the true date, known by then, could be
- entered. However, the algorithm obviously needs re-examination. (Ken
- Cowap)
- 6.3
- Can readers (or the manufacturers) offer any advice on how to overcome
- problems with these programs (or any others that have proved
- troublesome)?
- 6.3
- Hardware problems
- 6.3
- • Oak SCSI “Free Space” display – My Oak SCSI hard disc won’t use the
- new ‘Free Space’ window but uses the old RISC-OS 2 ‘stop-everything-and
- press-space’ window. The Release notes suggest that SCSIFiler will fix
- this for the Acorn SCSI card, but it doesn’t appear to for my Oak
- (v.1.16). Any thoughts? (Steve Hutchinson) (The solution to this was
- explained in Archive 5.5 p40. Ed.)
- 6.3
- • Digitisers, SCSI and the RS232 port – I managed to get RISC-OS 3
- fitted to my faithful A440 only to discover that my Technomatic
- (Brainsoft) Multipod Professional digitiser not only does not work with
- RISC-OS 3.10 but the computer will not work with the podule fitted.
- Richard Brain says that he was not aware of a problem and there are
- currently no plans for an upgrade, but he will have a look when he gets
- time to see if an upgrade is possible. In the meantime, I have no video
- digitiser, no stereo digitiser and no extra RS232 ports.
- 6.3
- I mentioned the problem to Malcolm Banthorpe and he tells me that his
- Pineapple digitiser is now “unwell” with RISC-OS 3.10. I wonder whether
- there are some differences in the way that podules download their ROM
- modules and initialise under RISC-OS 3.10?
- 6.3
- I also hear rumours that people are experiencing interrupt problems with
- SCSI interfaces causing data loss on the RS232 port (interrupts not
- returning quickly enough to avoid loss of incoming data on the port).
- Apparently, uncached Morley cards may be particularly prone but I have
- no first hand experience. It certainly fits in with Malcolm Banthorpe’s
- experience on his digitiser which seems to be suffering from an overdose
- of interrupts. (Tim Nicholson)
- 6.3
- Laser Direct RISC-OS 3 printer driver?
- 6.3
- It seems barely credible, but a whole year after RISC-OS 3 was first
- released, the Rolls Royce of Archimedes printers still lacks a RISC-OS 3
- printer driver. For many purposes this doesn’t matter, but rotated fonts
- seem a bit pointless if you can’t print them out, and users with more
- than one printer would like to be able to access their LD using the
- Print Manager.
- 6.3
- Readers have been getting contradictory explanations from Computer
- Concepts: one was told that they’ve been too busy writing Artworks,
- while another was told that Acorn haven’t given them a printer driver
- specification yet! (There’s an element of truth in both. Let’s just say
- that it is a non-trivial task to write a printer driver to work with
- Acorn’s Print Manager. Ed.)
- 6.3
- Other printer problems
- 6.3
- • Epson MX100-III – My printer is an ageing Epson MX100-III. Using the
- standard settings provided by the Acorn printer driver, I find thin
- lines can disappear. e.g. the staves in a Rhapsody score. Using the
- highest resolution setting (120 x 216 dpi dithered) produces an
- excellent standard of output but 1.5 to 2 times slower than the RISC-OS
- 2 driver (at a resolution of 120 × 144 dpi). (Ed Harris)
- 6.3
- • Print buffering – I have an Archimedes 420/1 expanded to 4Mb memory,
- with twin Cumana 5¼“ disc drives and recently equipped with ARM3 and
- RISC-OS 3.1. Ever since I installed RISC-OS 3.1, I have had a problem
- with printing. I use Impression most of the time but the same problem
- arises with Draw, Acorn DTP, DrawPlus, etc, etc. I shall put the problem
- in the form of a question: What is the point of a printer buffer that
- does not release control of the machine back to the user until the print
- job is finished?
- 6.3
- I wrote to Acorn as follows: Whatever setting I use for PrinterBuffer
- Size, it just does not seem to make any difference. I have 4Mb of memory
- and use Impression a great deal. Sometimes I set the PrinterBufferSize
- as high as 512Kb but the computer does not return control to the desktop
- until the document is completely printed. Under RISC-OS 2, I used a
- printer buffer program and found that I was able to work on a new
- document within a minute or two of sending the previous one to the
- printer provided the buffer was set high enough to accommodate all of
- the data being sent to the printer. Now the machine is always tied up
- until the printing is complete. How does one get the printer buffer to
- work? I use *Configure PrinterBufferSize to set the size of the buffer.
- Is there another command that I can use to make it operational and is it
- possible to turn it off (*Configure PrinterBufferSize 0Kb sets it to the
- default of 1Kb) and use one of the many printer buffer programs that are
- available?
- 6.3
- Acorn (Peter Dunn) replied: “Although the printer buffer does work in
- that data is passed into the buffer, control is not released back to the
- user until the print job is finished.”
- 6.3
- I have tried RMKilling the BufferManager but that stops all data being
- sent to the printer.
- 6.3
- I have devised a work-around but it is a little long-winded:
- 6.3
- 1. Have two versions of the chosen printer driver on the iconbar and
- make them active.
- 6.3
- 2. Set one (F) to send the data for the printer to a file on the hard
- disc and set the other (P) to send the data to the parallel or serial
- printer.
- 6.3
- 3. Select (F) by clicking on it and ‘print’ the document. A file called
- Printout will appear on the hard disc.
- 6.3
- 4. Change the name of the file called Printout to, say, Printoutx.
- 6.3
- 5. Select (P) by clicking on it and drag Printoutx onto the Printer icon
- that is yellow.
- 6.3
- The file will now print in the background and control is instantly
- returned to the user. Step 4 is not strictly necessary but is useful if
- you are printing longish documents and wish to, as it were, stack them
- ready for sending to the printer. If one does not change the name to
- something unique, there is a danger of overprinting one file with
- another. Instead of the hard disc one may, of course, use a floppy or
- RAMFS.
- 6.3
- This is quite a laborious work-around when one has a printer buffer
- built in (so one would think) to RISC-OS 3.1. A better arrangement must
- be possible and so I should be grateful for any hints or tips the
- readers can give. (M. P. Ireland)
- 6.3
- • Epson FX-105 – The driver for the Epson FX-85 does not work with the
- Epson FX-105 even though the printer manual suggests that they are
- virtually identical apart from the carriage width. The printout is
- always aligned along the left hand side even when it is supposed to be
- centered, etc. Furthermore, large letters, being sent in several
- separate lines, are often incorrectly aligned from top to bottom. When I
- raised this in my letter to Acorn, they replied as follows:
- 6.3
- “The Epson FX-105 does not support the ESC $ (remove leading white
- space) options supported by the FX-85 but does however support NLQ text
- printing. The decision by Epson not to support ESC $ in its newer
- printers has only recently come to light when testing the Epson LX-100.
- We have written a driver for the LX-100 which I am sure you will find
- works correctly with your printer.”
- 6.3
- A copy was sent to me and I can confirm that it does indeed work. (M. P.
- Ireland)
- 6.3
- • Bug in !Printers − If you configure two printers of the same type
- (e.g. a 300dpi HPLJ-2 and a 150dpi HPLJ-2) then delete the first one,
- !Printers crashes with an address error. (Mike Williams)
- 6.3
- • LaserJetII printer driver and Qume Crystalprint Series II – My problem
- concerns the LaserJet II printer driver. Quite simply, I always get an
- extra blank sheet for every page printed. Also stray characters appear
- in the left margin. The Qume CrystalPrint Series II printer is very
- similar to that used initially by Computer Concepts for their Laser
- Direct series, but mine isn’t a Laser Direct model.
- 6.3
- In the early days of RISC-OS 2, I vaguely remember I had a similar
- problem that was solved only when Acorn (fairly quickly) brought out
- another printer driver.
- 6.3
- In my efforts to solve the problem, I’ve tried lots of things – like
- changing margins, etc, etc. I’ve had long discussions with Gerald
- Fitton, too. From him, I know that others have plenty of problems,
- though perhaps not quite like mine. The silly thing is that all was OK
- with the RISC-OS 2 driver but, despite the impression given in Risc
- User, neither of us thinks that RISC-OS 2 drivers can be used with RISC-
- OS 3. Is this correct, I wonder? If they can be used, that would be a
- good temporary solution. (John Jordan)
- 6.3
- • Getting the page length right – After quite a number of abortive
- attempts to set the page length for 12 inch fanfold paper, I finally
- found out that any changes I make become effective (at least on my
- combination of machines) only after I have saved all changes, quit and
- then reloaded the printer driver. (By the way, the correct setting for
- my Fujitsu DL1100 printer, using the Epson LQ860 emulation is, for some
- inscrutable reason, 12.309 inches, 72 lines). (Jochen Konietzko)
- 6.3
- • Panasonic KX-P1124 – Probably my most difficult problem was with the
- printer drivers. The old RISC-OS 2 drivers just have to be abandoned −
- they merely generate an error message. My printer happens to be a
- Panasonic KX-P1124 (24-pin dot matrix, monochrome) but Acorn haven’t
- seen fit to include any Panasonic printers at all. Though they blandly
- say that one of the others will probably be near enough, in fact, it
- requires a considerable amount of research to be confident that the
- range of control codes is (a) sufficient to fully exploit the machine’s
- capabilities and (b) doesn’t contain any alien codes to cause unwanted
- results. At the end of the day (or several!) I reduced the probables to
- two, the Epson LQ860 and the NEC P6+ (despite the fact that both
- machines are colour printers). I had misgivings about the NEC which
- includes, in its control code repertoire, some which started with 28
- instead of the old familiar 27 (Escape). The matter was finally clinched
- when I was able to question an Acorn representative at the Acorn User
- Show. He told me that quite definitely I should use the Epson LQ860. So
- this I do, and without any problems so far. I haven’t even edited out
- the control codes for the colours − the driver is used, unmodified. (Ken
- Cowap)
- 6.3
- Where are the hare and the tortoise?
- 6.3
- Can I get the hare and tortoise icons that came with my ARM3 back on the
- iconbar? Or do I have to tell people that if they want E-Type to go at a
- playable pace they have to press <F12> then type “Cache off” then press
- <return> twice before running it?! (I just use
- 6.3
- RMEnsure Arm3Icon 0.9 Run scsi::4 .$.<leafname>.!Arm3
- 6.3
- in my !boot file and... hare presto! Ed.)
- 6.3
- Programmers’ Reference Manual
- 6.3
- At the Acorn User Show, a “beta” copy of the new PRM was on sale in
- photocopy form for £120. The final version will apparently be available
- “in the first quarter” of 1993. It is about 50% bigger than the RISC-OS
- 2 manual and will fill six volumes. From my brief inspection, it looks
- as if it contains quite a lot more explanatory material than its
- predecessor. I was told that neither the price of the final version nor
- details of the trade-in arrangements (if any!) have yet been fixed.
- 6.3
- Various hints and tips:
- 6.3
- • Problem with Impression dongle − You can’t write to a printer when the
- Impression dongle is fitted unless you have run the Impression appli
- cation first. (Mike Williams)
- 6.3
- • Summer time blues − Some C programs (e.g. PVray) get the time wildly
- wrong when *BST is configured. (Mike Williams)
- 6.3
- • Bug in !SciCalc − It gives wildly inaccurate results to the <±>
- function for some values, e.g. if you enter “1<Exp>56” then press <1/x>
- to give “10E−57” then press <±> you get the surprising result: “10E−58”.
- If you press <±> again, you get “10E−41”. (Mike Williams)
- 6.3
- • Where did this file come from? − There are quite a few ways in which
- <adjust> clicking can be very helpful. I’m sure you all know that
- <adjust> double-clicking a directory opens it and closes the parent and
- that using <adjust> to close the directory opens up the parent. You may
- even know that clicking the close icon with <adjust> while holding down
- <shift> actually opens the parent without closing the directory. What
- you may not have noticed is that you can do the same with (some)
- applications. With most applications, it seems, <adjust> double-clicking
- a file loads the file and closes the directory from which it came. (I
- think this is a function of the Filer and is therefore true for all
- applications and files. HE.) Then, if you click in the close box with
- <adjust>, holding <shift> at the same time, the directory from which the
- file came appears on screen without the file disappearing from view.
- With Impression, however, there is no need to hold <shift> as well −
- just using <adjust> on the close box brings up the directory viewer in
- which the file is saved.
- 6.3
- Oh, and I’ve only just discovered that if you draw a window’s scroll bar
- with <adjust>, you can move about in both x and y directions! (Paul
- Beverley)
- 6.3
- • Rubber-banding − Those who have gone straight to RISC-OS 3 without
- reading the manual (like Ed!) may not have noticed that you can use
- rubber-banding to select a group of files. So instead of <adjust>
- clicking every individual file you want to select, you can click
- <select> in the space between two file icons and, as you drag, a red
- bounding box appears which you can release when it is over the files you
- want. Using <adjust> instead of <select> simply adds files to those
- already selected but note that if you go over a file that is already
- selected, it is then de-selected. (Paul Beverley)
- 6.3
- • SerialDeviceDriver module − On an A5000, never unplug the module
- called “SerialDevice Driver”, as the following strange things will
- happen. After a power off/on the machine will boot up but, during
- booting, an error message “Error from Task Manager” will appear and
- there is only a “Cancel” button to click on. Then the boot up is
- finished correctly but no Taskmanager is present! It will only reappear
- if you double-click on any file with the new Desktop filetype (&FEA),
- even if this is 0 bytes long! In addition, the Taskmanager will not
- function correctly in all cases: try to get an “!Edit Task Window” now.
- Bug or not? (Carsten Bussman)
- 6.3
- • Double-clicking into Basic − On my first machine (which was killed by
- my dealer while trying to fit a SCSI hard drive) I was able to enter BBC
- Basic V directly by double-clicking into the system’s start-up message
- window (“RISC-OS ... initialising”). This does not work with my current
- machine (Serial no. 1009939); I don’t know why. This was a nice feature
- which I’m missing now, so why isn’t it implemented in all RISC-OS 3
- ROMs? (Carsten Bussman)
- 6.3
- • Inserting path names into !Edit − Try dragging any file or directory
- into an !Edit window while pressing the Shift key. This will give the
- file’s pathname. (Carsten Bussman)
- 6.3
- • “Menu Area Full” error in FormEd – Captain K. J. Tompkins reports the
- error “Menu Area Full (Internal code 6560,1)” from his version of
- !FormEd. This is probably because he has one of the earlier versions of
- this program which only allows limited space for building its menus and
- is defeated if there are too many fonts installed. If so, it is fairly
- easy to cure: in the Basic program called !RunImage inside the !FormEd
- directory there is a line that reads something like:
- 6.3
- DIM menufree% &1800: menuend% = menufree%+&1800
- 6.3
- (this is at line 790 in the version I’m now looking at). If each of the
- two &1800’s is replaced by &2000, so that the line reads:
- 6.3
- DIM menufree% &2000: menuend% = menufree%+&2000
- 6.3
- the program should work.
- 6.3
- (Note: this hint does not apply to all versions of FormEd) (Hugh Eagle)
- 6.3
- • Filer_Run syntax − it seems that the command
- 6.3
- *Filer_Run <App$Dir>
- 6.3
- (where App$Dir is a system variable set to the name of an application)
- doesn’t run the application as you might expect. What it does is to open
- a filer window on the application’s directory with “<App$Dir>” (not the
- actual pathname) in the title bar.
- 6.3
- The following syntax, however, does seem to work:
- 6.3
- *Set Alias$FR Filer_Run <App$Dir>
- 6.3
- *FR
- 6.3
- *UnSet Alias$FR
- 6.3
- (this is equivalent to the old trick that used to be needed in RISC-OS 2
- to open a directory viewer with *Filer_OpenDir). (Hugh Eagle)
- 6.3
- • *FontRemove syntax − The FontRemove star command seems to be very
- fussy. You have to tell it the name of the directory that you want to
- remove in exactly the form in which it is included in the Font$Path
- system variable. For instance, if you want to remove
- RAM::RamDisc0.$.!Fonts. from Font$Path you must type
- 6.3
- *FontRemove RAM::RamDisc0.$. !Fonts.
- 6.3
- including both the disc name (RamDisc0) and the full stop at the end.
- (Robert Chrismas has sent in a handy application called !FontsCut which
- lists the directories currently included in Font$Path with numbers
- beside them and all you have to do is type in the number corresponding
- to the directory you want to remove. This is included on the monthly
- program disc.) (Hugh Eagle)
- 6.3
- • Configuring Shift Caps − In the Caps lock section of the Keyboard
- window of !Configure, the effects of “Caps lock on” and “Shift caps”
- seem to be reversed. In other words, selecting “Caps lock on” means that
- holding down <shift> reverts to lower case whereas selecting “Shift
- caps” means that you get upper case regardless of whether <shift> is
- held down or not. (Hugh Eagle)
- 6.3
- • Mouse button codes – If you enter and run the following simple Basic
- program:
- 6.3
- REPEAT
- 6.3
- MOUSE X,Y,B
- 6.3
- PRINT TAB(10,10)B
- 6.3
- UNTIL FALSE
- 6.3
- then watch what number is displayed on the screen as you press the
- various mouse buttons you will see:
- 6.3
- no button 0
- 6.3
- Select 4
- 6.3
- Menu 2 for an instant, followed by 0
- 6.3
- Adjust 1
- 6.3
- The behaviour of the menu button has changed from RISC-OS 2, I think.
- Those programs that are interested only in detecting whether the button
- has been clicked won’t be affected, but the change can cause problems
- for programs that want to detect whether the Menu button remains held
- down. Luckily, there is a simple solution: the function
- 6.3
- INKEY(-11)
- 6.3
- will return the value TRUE however long the Menu button is held. (Hugh
- Eagle)
- 6.3
- • Getting Art Nouveau to run – Hands up those who remember Art Nouveau?
- Well, this excellent old program has one quirk, namely that you have to
- hold down the menu button while you move round the menu tree until you
- make your selection. So, because of the changed functioning of the mouse
- button (see above), it doesn’t work in RISC-OS 3.1 unless you make a
- slight modification. In the Basic program called ArtNouveau from the
- directory ANfiles at line 30950 in my version there is a line that
- reads:
- 6.3
- WHILE stayopen AND mbut=2
- 6.3
- I have found that altering this to:
- 6.3
- WHILE stayopen AND INKEY-11
- 6.3
- restores the program to health. (Hugh Eagle)
- 6.3
- • Using a TaskObey file to display a message – The new filetype
- “TaskObey” is useful if you want the !Run file of an application to pop
- up a message in a window without halting the whole system. You might use
- this for instance to display a warning to change the setting of your
- printer. Thus, to display “This is a message” in a window, create a file
- called, say, Message containing:
- 6.3
- Echo This is a message
- 6.3
- set the filetype to TaskObey and include, in the application’s !Run
- file, the line
- 6.3
- Filer_Run <Obey$Dir>.Message
- 6.3
- If you had set the filetype to Obey, the message would pop up moment
- arily then disappear before the application loaded. (Hugh Eagle)
- 6.3
- • Deskboot files and the Pinboard – The User Guide explains how to
- create a !Boot file to boot the computer in your desired configuration.
- It adds that, when saving the !Boot file, information to start up
- applications produced before RISC-OS 3 is not saved automatically. To
- get round this, it explains how to rename the !Boot file as Deskboot and
- to incorporate it in a !Boot application. It goes on to explain how to
- edit the Deskboot file, either to remove or to add lines as necessary.
- 6.3
- If you use the Pinboard as I do, some icons will be changed on a regular
- basis. For example, I have regularly used files which change each month.
- If the Deskboot file is saved each time the Pinboard is changed, a
- certain amount of what the User Guide calls “hand editing” would have to
- be done each time a change is made, to remove or add relevant
- instructions.
- 6.3
- There is an easy solution. Set up your Desktop once and save the
- Deskboot file. Then click <menu> over an empty space on the desktop and
- save the Pinboard settings in the Pinboard file in your root directory.
- Now drag your Deskboot file into !Edit (or Shift-double-click on it) and
- delete all the lines which begin “Pin”. Alter the line “Pinboard” or
- “Pinboard -Grid” to read “Run Pinboard” or “Run Pinboard -Grid”.
- 6.3
- Future changes to the Pinboard setting now need be saved only to the
- Pinboard file in your root directory. (John Waddell)
- 6.3
- Ken Cowap warns that a DeskBoot file can easily be unnecessarily
- cluttered if, for instance, there are a number of unwanted items on the
- screen when it is made. This will incur a penalty in the time taken to
- boot up − his started at two and a half minutes before he trimmed it
- ruthlessly.
- 6.3
- • ADFS buffers − According to Acorn’s telephone help line, the bug which
- made it advisable to configure the adfs buffers to zero has been fixed!
- (According to Computer Concepts, unless the buffers are configured to
- zero, it is vital to dismount disks before removing them for good from
- the machine, because otherwise there may be trouble later.) (Jochen
- Konietzko)
- 6.3
- • OS_Byte calls and the serial port – I use my A3000 for many purposes,
- one of the more important being as a terminal to our mainframe computer.
- The software for this I have written myself in Basic. After the upgrade,
- my terminal program wouldn’t work. It would not accept characters from
- the serial port. I tried using the serial port utility module supplied
- with the upgrade, but this did not help.
- 6.3
- After a lot of experimenting, we finally discovered that if we changed
- all the *FX calls for SYS “OS_Byte” calls, then the program would work.
- It still puzzles me why two supposedly similar commands should give
- different results! (S. J. Furnell)
- 6.3
- • Z88 Filers – The Release Note says that the !Z88 filer supplied with
- Pipedream requires interactive filing to be off. You’ll be pleased to
- know that David Holden’s !Z88 filer (Careware 7) suffers from no such
- problems. (Steve Hutchinson)
- 6.3
- • Programs that call machine code from Basic – An application I used a
- lot, !BPrint (Risc User) wouldn’t run with RISC-OS 3, and the cure for
- this may well apply to other applications organised in a similar layout,
- i.e. using a central Basic program calling a separate piece of machine
- code. The cure was to re-assemble the code under RISC-OS 3; obviously
- there is some small difference between its assembler and that of RISC-OS
- 2. In this particular application, its “ancestor” (the program developed
- over a period of time), a program called FileList from vol.2 issue 5 was
- rerun to produce the assembled file BLIST which was substituted for the
- original. (Ken Cowap)
- 6.3
- • Mode number conflicts – A program for plotting Mandelbrot diagrams
- failed with RISC-OS 3 and the manner of its failure may indicate a cure
- for others. This particular program called a Mode 40 which didn’t exist
- under RISC-OS 2 but which was specially designed and provided with the
- program. RISC-OS 3 of course does have a native Mode 40 and a clash
- between it and the “special” gave rise to the error report. The cure was
- to rename the “special” to a mode number outside the range provided with
- RISC-OS 3, in this case Mode 50. (Ken Cowap)
- 6.3
- • Setting !Alarm options – This is a minor matter, unless you are trying
- to set your own !Alarm display format in a !Boot file. This you do with
- a Set Alarm$Options line (p136 App Guide). The quotes are omitted. This
- is my (working) line:
- 6.3
- Set Alarm$Options -format “%z24:%mi %zdy.%zmn.%zyr”
- 6.3
- If you use a !Boot file and !Alarm, put it in to see my favourite
- display format! (Steve Hutchinson)
- 6.3
- Miscellaneous comments
- 6.3
- • Surely a ‘grown up’ operating system shouldn’t say, “Disc error 10 at
- :0/00000000” when you try to read an unformatted disc?
- 6.3
- • It seems strange that !Configure requires you to press <return> after
- typing into a writable icon. This is not normal RISC-OS convention.
- 6.3
- • It’s a shame that they didn’t manage to squeeze some suitable backdrop
- sprites onto one of the RISC-OS 3 discs. Those who have access to
- Windows 3 might like to know that its wallpaper bitmaps seem to work
- very well on the RISC-OS 3 Pinboard, and it is very easy to transfer
- them from an MS-DOS floppy, via !ChangeFSI (on the Support disc), into
- sprite format on an Archimedes disc. The file called “leaves.bmp” makes
- an excellent seasonal backdrop (I’m writing this in October!).
- 6.3
- Alt-key combinations
- 6.3
- The last couple of issues of Archive have contained lists of Alt-Key
- combinations in RISC-OS 3.1. To complete the picture I would add:
- 6.3
- To get accents ( ´ ` ¨ ^ ° ¸ ) on their own, press the appropriate Alt-
- key combination (e.g. Alt-[ for a ´ ) then the space bar.
- 6.3
- Alt-Spacebar gives a “hard space” or “non-breaking space” (the sort you
- put between “NR2” and “2SD” if you don’t want Archive’s postcode
- “NR2 2SD” to be split over two lines.)
- 6.3
- I have put a diagram of the keyboard showing the Alt-key combinations
- below, and I hope that Paul will put the drawfile on the monthly program
- disc.
- 6.3
- Incidentally, I am a bit puzzled about the character (code 173) that is
- produced by the Alt-hyphen combination. What’s it for? I thought at
- first that it was the “soft hyphen” that is described on page 109 of the
- Impression 2 manual, but I now see that this is produced by Ctrl-hyphen
- (this character – code 31 – is normally invisible but indicates a
- preferred place for breaking a word with a hyphen at the end of a line;
- it works even if the hyphenation module is not present). By contrast,
- character 173 is, so far as I can see, always visible (as a hyphen if
- the font follows the Acorn standard) but its effect is to prevent a word
- into which it is inserted ever being broken over the end of a line even
- if hyphenation is switched on. Am I correct in describing it as a “hard
- hyphen”? (Well, I can think of one application. Suppose you want to use
- a word like “prayers” where you deliberately hyphenate the word to
- refer to the people doing the praying. In that case, if it were an
- ordinary hyphen, the word might get split at the end of a line. Using a
- ‘hard hyphen’ avoids the split. Ed)
- 6.3
- The upgrade again
- 6.3
- Finally, I thought it would be good to take a slightly light-hearted
- look at the subject as we hear the experiences that Rob Wears had in
- fitting and using RISC-OS 3 on an A310...
- 6.3
- I finally managed to get my grubby mitts on the RISC-OS 3 upgrade at the
- Acorn User show, and arrived back home with that odd mixture of terror
- and excitement that comes from having to take the lid off the machine.
- I’ve fitted one or two things in the past, like the soldered 4MByte RAM
- upgrade, but no matter how many times I do it, it’s still a bit like
- performing neurosurgery on a close friend. Will Archie pull through,
- Doc? Actually, fitting was a lot easier than I’d thought. I used the
- IFEL carrier board, as their memory upgrade has proven so reliable. My
- only source of concern was the discrepancy between their fitting
- instructions and the ones supplied by Acorn which alluded to changing
- links on the mother board. I followed the IFEL guidelines, which had the
- link changes on their board, and waited anxiously for the machine to
- explode when I switched it on. No problem, apart from the fact that I
- bypassed the desktop and ended up at the command line. Still, the
- desktop was easily accessible with a simple “*” command.
- 6.3
- The hard drive icon was where it should be (and no longer jumped around
- when I mounted or dismounted the disc!) and I am pleased to say that I
- encountered no problems with the Oak SCSI board (version 1.16 of SCSI
- driver).
- 6.3
- I couldn’t resist the urge to delve into the Apps directory, and here I
- encountered my first problem. Initially, I couldn’t get !Edit to load
- from Apps and was greeted with the wonderfully informative message ‘File
- “Basic” not found’. Fighting the sudden tide of panic (“It wouldn’t work
- at all if the ROM legs were snapped off, idiot!”) I checked the module
- list via the command line and found that I was apparently the lucky
- owner of the one set of chips which Acorn had shipped without putting
- Basic on board first. I was about to fall on my soldering iron in
- despair when I thought of checking the status of the system modules
- using *ROMModules and found that the Basic module was unplugged. I
- reinitialised the module, and !Edit worked fine. There, that wasn’t too
- bad − the hair will probably grow back and nobody will notice the
- teethmarks on the manual....
- 6.3
- Incidentally, the ARM3Support module was also unplugged and therefore
- the *Cache command wouldn’t work, but I’d got the hang of things by now,
- and pressed on happily. I then UNPLUGged the modules that I thought I
- wouldn’t need (old habits die hard) like the Econet and NetFS modules −
- each unplug command was greeted with the comment “xxxx module not found”
- yet a subsequent check revealed that the module had been unplugged
- correctly − odd! Archie hadn’t behaved like this before his lobotomy. It
- was a bit unnerving, like suddenly finding the Queen Mother skateboard
- ing down your front drive.
- 6.3
- I then set about gingerly reconstructing the !Boot option for the hard
- disc, feeding the bits to my new Archie in small, digestible chunks.
- Compression (version 1.10) and !Spark both worked fine, after I
- remembered not to set the “Newer” option for copying. However, Archie no
- longer likes the “OS_UpdateMEMC” call which I had used to speed up the
- ROMs. This is now treated with the same degree of horror as if I’d just
- offered it deep-fried weevil for tea, and the machine has to be kicked
- out of its sulk with a hard reset. I initially and unjustly blamed the
- old OSSys module, but this actually seems to be fine and is the only
- real survivor from my old collection of useful bits and pieces − have
- they STILL forgotten to put a *SYS command in?
- 6.3
- The next little gem was the “ChangeDynamic Area” calls which are
- automatically saved in the desktop !Boot file − these override the CMOS
- RAM settings and I couldn’t work out why the system sprite area remained
- so large despite all my efforts to shrink it. And remember, Gentle
- Reader, not to save the !Boot file in a Compression directory because,
- despite what they all say, those teethmarks in the manual do show! On
- the brighter side, I found that the configured startup language was not
- the desktop, which explained Archie’s new enthusiasm for the command
- line. The number for the configured language of your choice is now
- obtained by counting down the list of modules − how simple. Not a
- mention of alchemy or the Black Arts. Good grief, if it’s that simple,
- anybody will be able to do it...
- 6.3
- The !FontsPlus application caused some frontal headaches (actually,
- these may have been caused by sudden and repeated violent contact
- between the forehead and the monitor) as I could not persuade it to
- recognise the ROM based fonts. Off it went to the great filestore in the
- sky, and back I went to using multiple directories with original names
- (!Fonts, !Fonts2, !Fonts3, !Fonts4, etc.). How quaint!
- 6.3
- On to some serious computing. Impression works! (Actually, I cheated. I
- got the upgrade from those nice CC people at the show). And there are
- more screen modes available from startup, and a *WimpMode command to
- simplify my DTP !Boot sequence. On the down side, I have found printing
- to be a bit of a pain − my old !PBuffer application doesn’t work anymore
- and even making the PrinterBufferSize HUGE using *CONFIGURE doesn’t seem
- to do anything. However, there are many more options available for
- printed output. I can even get 360×360 dpi on the Panasonic and it only
- takes about 30 minutes a page!
- 6.3
- I seem to have more space on the hard disc now. I used to have lots of
- little applications that I’d collected over the years which now have
- their functions in ROM, such as SetType, FileFind, StickyBD and
- ShutDown. Being ruthless, and having no more need for them, I erased
- them completely. Who knows, one day, I might even erase the backups of
- the backups.
- 6.3
- So am I sorry to have upgraded? Not at all. It was just that the scale
- of the change surprised me. I suppose that the change was more compli
- cated because I had my system set up exactly the way I wanted it, and
- had to restructure virtually the whole hard disc. It was just as
- traumatic as upgrading from Arthur to RISC-OS2 had been, but I’m very
- pleased with my new machine. Of course, 3.1 goes into 310, and it may
- even be 100 times better!
- 6.3
- (Actually, this has an important moral − if Rob had followed Acorn’s
- instructions and done a <delete-power-up> in the first place, he
- wouldn’t have had half the problems he did. Ed.)
- 6.3
- And finally ...
- 6.3
- Send your comments, suggestions, queries, complaints, hints and tips
- either to me, Hugh Eagle, at 48 Smithbarn, Horsham, Sussex RH13 6DX. A
- 6.3
- The characters shown in bold are produced by pressing the relevant key
- in conjunction with either the Alt key on its own or both the Shift and
- Alt keys:-
- 6.3
- e.g. to type ¢ hold down Alt and press the C key
- 6.3
- to type © hold down Shift and Alt and press the C key.
- 6.3
- The characters indicated by an arrow are intended to be used in
- conjunction with other keys to produce accented letters; in each case
- the accent is only produced if the Alt-key combination is followed by an
- appropriate letter: e.g. to produce é you first type Alt-[ then type e.
- If you want the accent on its own, follow the Alt-key combination by
- pressing the spacebar.
- 6.3
- Alt-<hyphen> produces a “hard hyphen” (character 173)
- 6.3
- Alt-<spacebar> produces a “hard space” (character 160)
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- Small Ads
- 6.3
- (Small ads for Archimedes and related products are free for subscribers
- but we reserve the right to publish all, part or none of the material
- you send, as we think fit. i.e. some people don’t know what ‘small’
- means and there are certain things, as you can imagine, that we would
- not be prepared to advertise as a matter of principle. Sending small ads
- (especially long ones!) on disc is helpful but not essential. Ed)
- 6.3
- • A3000 external drive buffer (Beebug) £20. ArcDFS £12. Phone
- 0502−565568.
- 6.3
- • A3000 RISC-OS 2, 4Mb RAM, serial port, Acorn DTP, Phillips CM8833
- monitor & stand. £650. Phone 0235−813557.
- 6.3
- • A3000 2Mb RAM, socketed ARM2, RISC-OS 3.1, VIDC enhancer £500, 45Mb
- Hardcard £299, PRES A3K6 second drive i/f £20, PRES A3K4 double exp. box
- £39, Learning Curve s/w (proceeds to charity) £100. Phone Barry on
- 0332−701969.
- 6.3
- • A310M, colour monitor, PipeDream, Graphic Writer, etc, £500. Gordon
- Walbridge on 0305−782623.
- 6.3
- • Acorn Desktop C comprising Acorn Desktop Development Environment and
- ANSI C release 4. As new and unregistered £160. 0272−736237.
- 6.3
- • Amstrad FX 9600T fax machine £175. Tandy FP215 flat bed plotter £149.
- Integrex Colourjet 132 printer with new cartridges and paper £299. Phone
- Stuart on 0792−204519.
- 6.3
- • Beebug 5¼“ disc interface, 40 track drive, DFS reader software and 50
- 5¼” discs. The lot for only £50 + p&p. Phone 0332−557751.
- 6.3
- • CC ROM/RAM podule with 6 × 32Kb RAM and 1 × 8Kb RAM and battery-
- backup. £50 o.n.o. Phone Thomas on 45+31−67−89−00 (Denmark).
- 6.3
- • CC Turbo driver for BJ10ex never used (unwanted present) £35. Phone
- Chris on 081−856−4732.
- 6.3
- • Digitising tablet TDS LC12 professional quality tablet with a 12“⇧×12”
- active area, 4 button puck, p.s.u. and software to use instead of a
- mouse in Draw, etc. £110 o.n.o. Phone 0903−265727 eves.
- 6.3
- • Flexifile £40, Acorn DTP £35, First Word Plus 2 £30, Inertia £5, E
- Type £5, Bug Hunter/Moon Dash £5, Arcpinball £10, Mad Prof. Mariarti £8,
- Pipemania £8, Nevryon £8, Elite Gold £20, The Last Ninja £15, Star/
- Epson/Citizen Colour Printer Driver £10, Panasonic KX-P1081 Printer £40.
- Phone 0277−625613.
- 6.3
- • FontFX £2, DrawBender £2, Glimpse £3, Help Companion £3, Mad Prof.
- Mariarti, Pacmania, Arcade Soccer, Fish, Fireball II £5 each, FunSchool
- 2 (u6) £6, (6-8) £6, Droom, Personal Accounts, Interdictor 2, Apocalypse
- 2 £10 each, PenDown £25. Phone Dave on 081−292−6870 (eves).
- 6.3
- • Games. Chopper Force £15, Star Trader £3, Pacmania £3, Worra Battle
- £3, Terramex £3. Phone Chris on 0276−20575 after 6pm.
- 6.3
- • Laser Direct Qume + 2 spare toner cartridges, vgc + latest software,
- £600. Phone Ray on 081−864−7208.
- 6.3
- • Morley 1Mb RAM (upgradable) for A3000, £40. PRES podule case £5. Acorn
- ADF32 medium res colour monitor, £50 + carriage. Micro User 1.1 to 10.2
- (complete), most in binders, £10 + carriage. Input (complete) in
- binders, £10 + carriage. Phone Pete on 0603−897511 or CompuServe
- 70374,207.
- 6.3
- • Multipod podule for Archimedes A300/400 series. Includes serial port,
- video and sound digitiser/analog port and 3 ROM sockets all for £60.
- Phone Clive on 0908−661980.
- 6.3
- • PC emulator V1.8 £50, Poster V1.4 £25, Lincad Drawing program V1.45
- £25, Beebug Hard Disc Companion V2.0 £20, Beebug colour printer driver
- £7. Phone 0536−724981.
- 6.3
- • Pineapple colour digitiser hardly used, accept £150 (cost £232). Also
- Leading Edge joystick interface (A5000 compatible) plus 2 Superpro
- joysticks, unused £45 (cost £62). Phone 0278−751317.
- 6.3
- • Risc Developments memory board (4Mb) for A310. Will take RISC-OS 3.1.
- Unused £95. Phone 0423−565997.
- 6.3
- • Scanner − Watford Mk I hand scanner, up to 400 dpi, £60. Beebug 5¼“
- disc interface Mk II, £20. Phone Alex on 0705−526800.
- 6.3
- • Schema V1.18, boxed with manuals. £50 o.n.o. Phone Mr I Mackay on
- 081−969−7294.
- 6.3
- • Shinwa CPA80 printer £50; Impression Business Supplement £20; Games −
- Elite, Swiv, Zarch, etc. Phone Rob Wears on 021−384−4152.
- 6.3
- • Sony 3000p video camera. Ideal for video grabbing! Powered from VCR or
- simple 12v supply. Only £100 o.n.o. Contact Bob Ames 071−477−8275 day or
- 0487−814227 eves, w/e.
- 6.3
- • Wanted 4 to 8Mb upgrade for A410/1. Interested in almost anything,
- even just a circuit diagram that I can build myself. Phone Thomas on
- 45+31−67−89−00 (Denmark).
- 6.3
- • Wanted, ARM3 processor and Impression II. Phone 0332−557751.
- 6.3
- • Z88 in case with custom rechargeable system, extra RAM, PC/Acorn link
- EPROM, Parallel printer cable, Comms link EPROM, magazines £175. Phone
- 0452−618742.
- 6.3
- Charity Sales − The following items are available for sale in aid of
- charity. PLEASE do not just send money − ring us on 0603−766592 to check
- if the items are still available. Thank you.
- 6.3
- (If you have unwanted software or hardware for Archimedes computers you
- could donate for charity, please send it in to the Archive office. If
- you have larger items where post would be expensive, just send us
- details of the item(s) and how the purchaser can get hold of them.)
- 6.3
- A3000 1Mb upgrade £30, First Word Plus 2 + Study Guide £30, Diet Manager
- £5, A4 Forms Designer £5, Hearsay £15, Pace Nightingale modem (300/300,
- 1200/75) £25, Artisan Support Disc £5, ArcTiculate £15, !Help − Intro to
- Archimedes £5, Snippet £10. A
- 6.3
- Oak Solutions
- 6.3
- From 6.2 page 6
- 6.3
- Music Column
- 6.3
- Stewart Watson
- 6.3
- The range of music software available for the Archimedes has been
- expanding at a fairly acceptable rate over the last couple of years.
- Although there is unlikely ever to be the same volume of packages
- available as there is for the Atari ST or PC compatibles, we should take
- comfort from the fact that the general standard of software for the
- Archimedes is consistently high.
- 6.3
- Music packages fall into three general categories:
- 6.3
- 1. Packages using the internal sound chip for backing tracks and
- sound effects for programs
- 6.3
- 2. Sequencing software, usually using MIDI keyboards and expanders
- 6.3
- 3. Music scoring software
- 6.3
- Some programs overlap two, or even all three, categories but, when
- buying software, it is essential that you keep in mind its primary use.
- For example, although a notation package might have sequencing facili
- ties, it is unlikely to have all the facilities found in a dedicated
- sequencer. Below I’ve listed some of the major packages and commented on
- their current states of development.
- 6.3
- Shareware
- 6.3
- There are now stacks of music files available from the various shareware
- suppliers. Most of these are Tracker files, many of which are ported
- across from the Amiga. Tracker players, of which there are several in
- the public domain, are all that is required if you want to play Tracker
- files. (Tracker itself is required if you want to write files.) Cream PD
- specialises in supplying Tracker files − £1.00 for a catalogue which
- contains some useful Tracker utilities, including a Tracker player, and
- some nice demos. Tracker itself can be obtained through Archive for £47.
- 6.3
- MIDI files
- 6.3
- At the other end of the spectrum from shareware tracker files are Hands-
- On Midi Software, who supply chart hits and classical pieces in MIDI
- file format at about £6 for a chart hit or £12 for a classical piece.
- These pieces are professionally sequenced and highly recommended. A
- demonstration disk is available for £5.95. If you order any of these, be
- sure to specify Archimedes and Midi file type 0 or 1.
- 6.3
- Electro-Music Research
- 6.3
- Mike Beecher’s company, EMR Ltd (Elecro-Music Research), was one of the
- first to produce music software for the Archimedes. Mike is still going
- strong and waxing as eloquent as ever. Studio24+, a sequencing program,
- is now up to Version 3 and has a massive number of new features
- including improved scoring, CD-ROM control, multiple reels, MIDI
- instrument list, reverberation control, etc. I’ll look at Studio 24
- Version 3 in depth in a future article.
- 6.3
- Sound Engineer, which should be released by the time you read this, is a
- totally rewritten and revamped version of SoundSynth − a program used
- with a sampler podule or the internal sound chip to create sounds.
- 6.3
- EMR have a whole suite of music packages for the Archimedes and further
- information and a catalogue of all the available programs can be
- obtained from Electro-Music Research.
- 6.3
- Clares
- 6.3
- Clares came later onto the scene but have made rapid progress. They now
- have Rhapsody II, a score writing package; Armadeus, a sampler;
- ScoreDraw which converts Rhapsody files into drawfiles; Vox Box, another
- sound creation program; and the newly launched Rhythm Bed, a drum
- sequencer. These are all available from Clares Micro Supplies.
- 6.3
- I believe that they are about to announce the launch of a real-time
- sequencer.
- 6.3
- Scorewriter
- 6.3
- The score writing package with the most flexibility is undoubtedly
- Scorewriter. Unfortunately, the price of flexibility is user-unfriendli
- ness. I vividly remember the first weekend I spent with Scorewriter − I
- almost threw the computer out the window! However, once you have
- mastered ScoreWriter, it is an absolute joy to use.
- 6.3
- Scorewriter can be obtained from EMR or the author, Philip Hazel 33
- Metcalfe Road, Cambridge CB4 2DB. There is a completely new RISC-OS
- version which will work from the desktop, available around Christmas. It
- is tremendous, but not for the faint-hearted.
- 6.3
- Longman-Logotron
- 6.3
- Longman-Logotron, well known for their involvement in Education, have
- just released Notate Version 1.2a. This has added real-time record
- facilities to Notate, together with some other extra features. One of
- the big pluses of Notate is the number of template files provided with
- the program to save the user time in setting up.
- 6.3
- Inspiration
- 6.3
- Inspiration is a 250 track high specification sequencer, originally by
- Pandora Technology but now marketed by Amp Sound. It has attracted a
- fair following, and its files can be transferred to Rhapsody for
- printing. Unfortunately, it comes with a dreaded dongle.
- 6.3
- Summary
- 6.3
- As you see, the amount of software available is steadily growing and the
- quality is improving. As long as Acorn pursue a sensible pricing policy
- and manufacturers follow a sensible protection policy (which in my book
- does not include dongles), the market for both hardware and software
- should continue to grow apace. A
- 6.3
- Help!!!!
- 6.3
- • A4 concept keyboard wanted − Has anyone got an old A4-sized concept
- keyboard (for a BBC B computer − not an Archimedes) they don’t want?
- It’s for a downs syndrome lad whose parents work for a Christian charity
- and are therefore not too flush for cash? If so, please ring Paul
- Beverley at the Archive office or Dave Carlos (a friend of their family)
- on 021−777−8957.
- 6.3
- • Amiga formats − Does anybody know of an application that allows the
- use of Amiga-formatted discs with an Archimedes? Contact Graham Crowe at
- Droitwich High School, Ombersley Road, Droitwich WR9 0AA.
- 6.3
- • Draw to Paint − How can I convert Draw files into sprites? Roger
- Darlington, Manchester.
- 6.3
- • Impression − Some DTP packages don’t actually include graphics files
- within the document but simply contain a pointer (filename) to where the
- graphic is being stored. Impression does not work in this fashion; every
- component of the document is contained in the document’s ‘application
- directory’. In general, I am sure this is the most sensible thing to do.
- However I have a problem. I keep the letters I write at work on disc and
- I am running out of space. Each letter contains a copy of the College
- crest, whose drawfile occupies about 10 Kb, or 5 Kb if compressed − this
- is often much larger than the text content of the letter! Is there any
- way for the Impression document directory to hold just a reference or
- pointer to the crest? I know that a solution would be to store just the
- text story of the documents, but that would be rather inconvenient. Any
- other solutions? Brian Cowan.
- 6.3
- • JPEG − Does anyone know how to get “JPEG”, a PD JPEG image conversion
- program, to work under RISC-OS 3.1? Or is there another PD JPEG program?
- Roger Darlington, Manchester.
- 6.3
- • Missing charity discs! − At the Acorn User Show, Martyn Diplock bought
- a second hand copy of System Delta Plus version 2. Unfortunately, there
- were no discs in the box − just the documentation! If you are the person
- who donated the software and still have the discs, could you possibly
- send them to Martyn at 162 Willingdon Road, Eastbourne, East Sussex?
- (Martyn said that the £20 he paid could stay in the charity pot − which
- is very generous of him − but it would be nice to get him a working
- version of SDPlus 2.) Thanks. Ed.
- 6.3
- • Serial port speed − Does anyone know of a way of getting a serial port
- working on an A410/1 at more than 19,200 baud? Philip Lardner, Co.
- Wicklow, Ireland.
- 6.3
- • Stolen computers − Watch out for an A420 serial number 1004092 and an
- A3020 serial number 1010239 − they were stolen from Bromsgrove School!
- If you see them, please inform the police a.s.a.p.
- 6.3
- • TableMate − We sent someone a copy of TableMate for review but forgot
- to record who it was! Would that person own up as we have a new up-dated
- version to send you. Thanks. Ed.
- 6.3
- • Wordwise Plus − Is there anyone in the Milton Keynes area who could
- help a disabled lady with getting Wordwise Plus programs working on her
- BBC Master? We asked for help some time ago and a gentleman responded
- and was very helpful. Unfortunately, he has moved to London! Contact
- Marjorie on 0908−607012. (Please allow time for her to get to the phone
- and answer it as she is not too mobile.) Thanks. Ed. A
- 6.3
- PD Column
- 6.3
- David Holden
- 6.3
- Anyone who is interested in Archimedes PD will probably have heard of
- Data Stream. What you may not know is that it has recently moved. It’s
- now run by Phil Coleman and the new address is 34 Norbreck Close, Great
- Sankey, Warrington, Cheshire WA5 2SX. If you want to know more then send
- £1 for a catalogue.
- 6.3
- PD prices
- 6.3
- Many PD libraries are having a hard time at the moment. Costs are
- rising. For example, thanks to the recent devaluation I now have to pay
- an extra £6 per hundred for discs. Since libraries are ‘small busi
- nesses’, like others in that class we are expected to help the high
- street banks recover from the consequences of their bad decisions by
- paying high charges. Most people who have only personal bank accounts
- probably don’t realise that when you have a business account you not
- only pay a quarterly service charge but also 60−70p per transaction.
- This is one of the reasons why libraries normally give credit notes
- instead of refund cheques. A 50p refund cheque could cost the library
- about £1.20 by the time the bank charges are included.
- 6.3
- The newer libraries have been cushioned from this because most banks
- offer free banking for the first year for a new business, but this time
- has now run out for those which started up last year and they are
- beginning to feel the pinch.
- 6.3
- One way of bypassing bank charges for small orders is to avoid cheques.
- The problem is that, unlike the old £1 note, coins tend to be rather
- obvious and also heavy. Postal orders are not only inconvenient for the
- sender, who must go to the Post Office to purchase them, they also
- involve a premium.
- 6.3
- There is one item which is small, light and is as good as cash − stamps.
- Most Archimedes PD libraries are not large enough to employ a Post
- Office franking machine, so we all use vast quantities of first and
- second class stamps. All the libraries that I have spoken to would be
- happy to accept, for example, £1 in stamps instead of a £1 cheque for a
- catalogue.
- 6.3
- As a result of these general increases in costs I expect that some
- libraries will soon be increasing their prices. Many have been trying to
- operate selling discs at £1 each. If you don’t allow anything for
- overheads or your own time, it is just about possible to cover net costs
- at this price. Remember that sending a disc doesn’t just involve the
- cost of a disc, a stamp and a disc mailer. There is also the wear on
- your computer, printer consumables, the occasional dud disc, letters and
- free discs to Authors, and so on, which all form part of the basic
- overheads of running a library. And that’s before we get down to less
- obvious things like paying for virus detection software, extra hardware,
- and, of course, bank charges.
- 6.3
- Prices down
- 6.3
- It’s not all bad news on the price front. As announced last month in
- Archive, the price of the ‘Shareware’ PD discs has been reduced to £2
- and the Careware to £5. This has prompted me to reduce the price of
- A.P.D.L. discs as well. From now on, they will be priced at £1.50 each,
- with one free disc of your choice for every five purchased in place of
- the previous percentage discount scheme.
- 6.3
- Maastricht
- 6.3
- I hope I still have your attention. Just that one word may be enough to
- make you skip the rest of this article.
- 6.3
- I’m not going to get political but until now it’s been almost impossible
- to find out exactly what this is all about. Everyone is talking about it
- and almost no one, including the politicians, has actually read it. I
- have a copy on disc and so if you want to discover what it really says
- then send £1 (or four 1st class stamps, of course), to me at the address
- below. Don’t just listen to what the politicians tell you it means, read
- it for yourself and make up your own mind.
- 6.3
- Disc compression
- 6.3
- Most consumers of Archimedes PD will be aware of ArcFS used by almost
- all PD libraries. What you may not be aware of is that there is a
- similar Shareware program available for the PC. This is invaluable for
- PC Emulator users because unlike the expensive commercial options,
- Stacker and SuperStor, it works fine on floppies and you can mix
- compressed and uncompressed files on the same drive and directory. The
- program is called SLIM and since it’s not American, most PC Shareware
- libraries have never heard of it.
- 6.3
- As with ArcFS, you need to compress the files first and then the
- resident portion of the program, normally loaded in your AUTOEXEC.BAT
- file, decompresses them ‘on the fly’ as you load them. The decompression
- is so fast that you probably won’t even notice it is happening using the
- Emulator. This often makes it possible to run programs from a single
- floppy disc that would otherwise need either a hard disc or lots of
- swapping.
- 6.3
- Ray tracing again
- 6.3
- Another new program has appeared. This is called DBW Render and looks
- like the best yet. It was ported from the Amiga and the version that I
- have also contains the ‘C’ source code.
- 6.3
- I’m still hoping that someone will offer to do a comparative ‘in depth’
- review of the various PD packages because there are now several
- available and they all have different good and bad points.
- 6.3
- Authors’ association?
- 6.3
- Possibly as a result of the things I have been writing recently in this
- column, there seems to be an awakening interest in the concept of
- Shareware amongst PD authors. I have received several letters asking if
- there is any sort of association for Archimedes PD/Shareware authors
- and, if not, why not?
- 6.3
- It certainly seems like a good idea. The Association of Shareware
- Professionals has done a great deal to promote Shareware for PC’s and
- something similar on a smaller scale dedicated to promoting and
- improving the quality of PD and Shareware for the Archimedes would be a
- good thing.
- 6.3
- I don’t mean a cosy club or an ideas forum but a genuine association
- whose members would be obliged to conform to certain standards, whether
- for Shareware or PD. If anyone thinks that this would be a good thing
- then please write to me and I will try to put any interested parties in
- touch with one another. What I won’t do, as has been suggested, is to
- actually form an association because something like this should be
- formed by a group of equals and not by a single individual who then asks
- others to join. If enough people think it’s worthwhile then I would
- certainly wish to be actively involved and will do everything that I can
- to help.
- 6.3
- Like the A.S.P. it would probably also involve participation by
- libraries so I am also hoping for comment from them.
- 6.3
- Please keep writing to me at the usual address − 39 Knighton Park Road,
- Sydenham, London SE26 5RN. A
- 6.3
- Dalriada
- 6.3
- New artwork
- 6.3
- Look Systems
- 6.3
- From 6.2 page 5
- 6.3
- Spacetech
- 6.3
- From 6.2 page 16
- 6.3
- Hardware Column
- 6.3
- Brian Cowan
- 6.3
- Sound from the PC cards
- 6.3
- In a previous issue, I mentioned that that the Aleph One PC card was
- capable of producing correct PC sound when connected internally to the
- host Archimedes’ audio circuitry. This prompted Philip Draper to write
- in and ask how to make the connections. Information is available in the
- Sound Application Note from Aleph One, but for those interested, I
- include some more details.
- 6.3
- You need two 20cm lengths of wire, preferably different colours, with
- 0.1“ female sockets at each end, looking something like this:
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- One end will plug into the sound output pins of the PC card as shown
- below. Be sure to note which is the “hot” line and which is ground.
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- The other end of the cable plugs into the computer’s “Auxiliary Audio
- Connector”. This consists of two rows of five pins located on the main
- circuit board towards the rear of the computer, close to the headphone
- socket. The connector has different identification numbers for different
- Archimedes models. On the 440 it is labelled PL2, as it is on the 410/1
- range. However, the set of pins is denoted by LK9 on the 540 machines
- and LK3 on the A5000 models. Also, note that the order of the numbering
- of the pins is reversed on the A5000. Pin 5 is the hot line and pin 6 is
- the ground.
- 6.3
- I have indicated on the accompanying diagrams the location of the
- connector for these four models; unfortunately I have been unable to
- look inside any of the others.
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- Make sure that the ground line from the PC card goes to the ground line
- (pin 6) of the computer board and the output line from the PC card goes
- to the input line (pin 5) of the computer board. If everything is
- connected correctly, your Archimedes will be capable of producing good
- quality PC sound. This may be tested using the sound commands of a DOS
- version of Basic or by playing one of the many PC games. I have found
- the sounds produced by some games quite impressive − particularly when
- compared with the tuneless grunts produced by the PC Emulator.
- 6.3
- I have also indicated on the PC card diagram the arrangement of the
- links for the RAM configuration. There are three links present on the
- board when 1Mb of RAM is used; the diagram shows this. If you are
- upgrading to 4Mb (by exchanging the eight RAM chips for 1Mb×4 80ns ZIP
- DRAMs), the middle link must be removed.
- 6.3
- 387 chips
- 6.3
- Philip mentioned that there was a (relatively) cheap 387SX chip
- available from a firm called Datrontech in Aldershot, manufactured by
- ULSI (sic) in California. He says that the chip comes with a disc to
- demonstrate how fast it goes, and that the improvements are impressive,
- although not quite as large as to a “real” PC. My guess is that the
- video emulation is still the bottleneck.
- 6.3
- Incidentally, I know that these third-party manufacturers of PC chips
- are causing somewhat of a headache for the bods at Intel; they are
- losing quite a lot of business. I have a relative working in Intel’s
- future products department where what we would call the ‘586 (they call
- it Pentium, a name which can be protected) and the ’686 are being
- developed. He explained to me that the pirates certainly cannot copy the
- silicon design of the chips: this is copyright. Thus while the cheap
- chips should implement all published behaviour, there may well be
- inconsistencies in some of the undocumented features. I know that some
- people have had problems using 387 chips from particular manufacturers
- (on real PCs) and this is the explanation.
- 6.3
- Coprocessor algorithms
- 6.3
- While we are on the topic of 387 chips, I would like to use this column
- for a request for information. Some time ago, I read in Byte magazine
- about the Cyrix range of maths coprocessors for the PC. As I understand
- it, these are marketed as 387, or whatever, replacements, but the
- internal mathematics is performed in a revolutionary way so that
- calculations of transcendentals, for instance, are done very much
- faster. Does anyone know in what way the Cyrix algorithms differ from
- the more conventional ones? The description in the Byte article seemed
- equally applicable to the traditional coprocessor chips. Perhaps it is
- just a question of hard-wiring versus microcode − I don’t know. Any
- ideas?
- 6.3
- Quality graphics
- 6.3
- Philip goes on to make one final comment in his letter, taking me to
- task for doing the latest version of the PC emulator “a bit of an
- injustice” in relation to the VGA colour implementation. As the new,
- enlarged emulator manual says, VGA is fully emulated. Some of the 256
- colour displays can be most impressive.
- 6.3
- Emulator future features
- 6.3
- In one way, though, the emulator is still lacking. As Mike Harrison has
- pointed out to me, there is still no support for PC software that drives
- the printer and serial ports directly, even on machines with the ‘new’
- hardware, which is exactly what the PC software is expecting to drive
- (so no emulation is required). This would be almost trivial to implement
- and it would enable one to use such things as PC dongles. This must be
- implemented in future versions of the emulator. Mike would then be able
- to use his Seiko label printer on the A4, but this omission prevents it
- working.
- 6.3
- Hopefully, soon there will be a ’286 emulation so that Windows 3.1 can
- be run.
- 6.3
- ’486 cards
- 6.3
- Aleph One are now also producing PC486 cards. As with the ’386, these
- come with a choice of one or 4Mb of RAM. The CPU is a Cyrix ’486SLC
- which is pin-for-pin compatible with the ’386SX. However, as with a
- regular ’486, it has a 1Kb on-chip RAM cache and a few more instruc
- tions, specifically related to the cache. Unlike the full-blown ’486
- chip, however, but like the ’486SX, there is no built-in floating point
- coprocessor. Also, as with the ’386PC card, there is a socket on the
- board for this. I am fortunate enough to have one of these cards but I
- await the arrival of the FPU before installing it. I understand that the
- performance should match a ’386 running at 50MHz! With the soon-to-be-
- released Windows drivers, this should be quite an impressive product.
- There is also CD-ROM support provided with the software.
- 6.3
- RAM waste
- 6.3
- I now have 4Mb of RAM in my PC386 card. I need to have this amount of
- RAM (the maximum the card will support) so that I can run some large
- Windows applications. So far, I have not quite got them running yet but
- one thing is patently clear: it is a gross extravagance to have 4Mb of
- RAM tied up solely in the service of the PC card. What is needed is for
- some well-meaning individual to write the code to use this memory as a
- RAM disk when the ’386 CPU is not being used. I believe something along
- these lines was done for the BBC Master 512 card although I am not sure
- if it ever saw the light of day. There is the complication of what
- happens to the “disk” if the ’386 is subsequently turned on, but I am
- sure that could be sorted out. If such a software application were
- available, I am sure the 4Mb option would be more attractive for many
- users.
- 6.3
- RAM as virtual RAM
- 6.3
- There is also a converse side to this argument. Windows makes extensive
- use of virtual memory, by swapping chunks of data between RAM and disc.
- So, fundamentally, you should never require more than 4Mb of PC RAM
- (which is the limit on the present Aleph One PC cards). However, the
- swapping will slow the system down. A solution is to configure one of
- the “hard disc partitions” to be the Archimedes RAM filing system. Of
- course, this is slower than direct on-card RAM but it is faster than
- hard disc operations.
- 6.3
- There are a number of limitations to this scheme however. Firstly, the
- maximum size of RAM disc allowed by RISC-OS is 4Mb. Secondly, for some
- reason the DOS FDISK command recognises that it is not looking at a real
- disc and so it will not initialize the partition. What you must do is to
- create a 4Mb partition on disc and initialise and format it before
- copying it to RAM. Thirdly, there is the limitation of two hard disc
- partitions so now you only have one left. However, if the RAM disc is
- drive C, containing the DOS files, then the operation is blindingly
- fast.
- 6.3
- Ideally, a compressed version of the drive C (containing only DOS and
- the empty swap area) could be stored in the PC application. This could
- then be decompressed and loaded into the newly created RISC-OS RAM
- filing system as part of the PC card’s boot sequence.
- 6.3
- Also, such a scheme would provide some means of virus protection since
- the DOS operating system is always freshly loaded from disc and the disc
- need never be written to. In this way, the virtual RAM is provided by
- real RAM from the host computer.
- 6.3
- A4 report
- 6.3
- So far, two readers have written to me reporting problems with their A4
- machines hanging up in a manner vaguely similar to mine. Are there any
- others out there? I suppose one consideration is that there are still
- not many A4s around. Funnily enough, I have not had a hang for some time
- (except on one occasion when the machine would not turn on). The only
- explanation I can think of is that, in my initial euphoria, I was using
- the A4 in the bath, (Archimedes would be proud of you, Brian! Ed.) in
- traffic jams driving to work and in boring meetings. However, having
- seen how rapidly the battery discharges, I now almost always use it
- connected to the mains − using my long extension power lead. Maybe hang-
- ups only occur with battery-only operation.
- 6.3
- One reader found that his machine seemed to freeze after turning it on.
- The other reader stated that his problems were particularly when using
- the floppy disc drive with the PC emulator. His problems went away when
- he switched off interactive file copying.
- 6.3
- Portable patches
- 6.3
- Quite a few of the common complaints concerning features of the A4 can
- be alleviated with small software patches, often using relocatable
- modules or sprite files. One may, in this way, change the functions of
- various keys, alter pointers, etc. In the September issue of Archive,
- Paul mentioned that he had created an enlarged screen pointer and
- blackened up the Impression, pointer caret. I am sure other A4 users
- must have written code for these machines. If there is demand, I will
- collate any offerings to produce an A4 utilities shareware or careware
- disc. Mike Harrison has made the point to me that it would be more
- sensible if the display blanking, and the hard disc spin-down, were
- inhibited when external power is plugged in. He might produce some code
- to do this.
- 6.3
- I have created an Impression function key strip for the A4 and I include
- it on this month’s magazine disc. This is an Impression document and
- readers will be able to edit it to create function strips for their
- favourite applications. It is quite wide and utilises the facility of my
- Laser Direct printer to print quite close to the edge of the paper −
- beware!
- 6.3
- CPU choice
- 6.3
- I had been wondering why Acorn did not use the ARM 250 in their portable
- machine. It seemed to me that that would provide the ultimate in size
- reduction. Certainly performance would be reduced and expansion options
- would be severely limited (although no one so far seems prepared to make
- either an 8Mb RAM upgrade or a SCSI interface). However, there are also
- VIDC considerations. Apparently the ARM 250‘s internal VIDC does not
- provide access to the extra video lines necessary to drive the port
- able’s LCD display.
- 6.3
- New VIDC launched
- 6.3
- Talking of VIDCs, the much-rumoured new VIDC chip has been officially
- launched by ARM Ltd. It is known as the VIDC20 and Acorn have stated
- that they will be using it in “future machines”. One wonders how this
- will sit in relation to the various video enhancer boards now appearing.
- I just hope that the owners of the older machines do not get left
- behind. Computer Concepts have the right idea with Artworks (and
- presumably Impression) supporting 24 bit colour, but not demanding 24
- bit hardware to be present. (See press releases below. Ed.)
- 6.3
- Sinister genius
- 6.3
- I was raving, in the last issue, about the Genius tracker ball as an
- alternative to the common mouse. I explained that Atomwide have rewired
- the connector for connection to the A4 and that the assembly clips
- nicely on the right hand side of the A4‘s case. Of course, left-handed
- people (of whom there are a larger proportion than average in the
- computer world) would clip the thing to the left side of the case. They
- would then find that the lead was not long enough, the pointer moved in
- the wrong direction and <select> and <adjust> were interchanged.
- 6.3
- Never let it be said that there is prejudice in the computer world
- against minorities; there is now a special version of the Genius for
- left-handed people which has a longer lead specially wired so that the
- pointer moves in the correct directions and the buttons have their
- expected functions. This is quite a sensible thing to do and the
- sinister (Latin for left − sorry, my joke!) Genius is easily distin
- guished by its longer tail.
- 6.3
- Incidentally, I did not seriously consider using the other tracker ball
- (the one from PEP Associates) as this one uses the serial port. That
- would use special software, it would tie up the serial port (probably
- most required for a modem) and it just seems a complicated way of
- solving a simple problem. After all, if the mouse port is provided, one
- may as well use it.
- 6.3
- FPU news
- 6.3
- The latest news is that Acorn’s FPU chip should be released in the
- “second quarter” of 1993. I understand the tape-up is completed and that
- ARM Ltd will be commencing manufacture soon. First samples should be
- available by the end of this year − but not to the public.
- 6.3
- ARM3 + FPU upgrades
- 6.3
- In a recent Hardware Column, I set out a challenge: who would be the
- first company to sell an ARM3 upgrade board for the older machines which
- included a socket for the FPU. Well, Simtec Electronics (0772−812863)
- have come up with the goods, and at a reasonable price: £175 plus VAT.
- They are selling an upgrade board containing a 25MHz ARM3 with an empty
- socket so that when the FPU appears, it can be plugged in directly. It
- is a beautifully made product with a proper plug (as on the Aleph One
- ARM3 upgrade) which fits into the vacated ARM2 socket. The acid test
- will have to wait for the appearance of the FPA chip although, of
- course, then one will need the relevant software to support it. However,
- I am not sure what the licensing situation for the FPA support software
- will be. My guess is that the actual chip will cost between £75 and £150
- but one may well have to purchase the software from Acorn (in the form
- of a cut-down floating point emulator) on top of this.
- 6.3
- Users of Acorn’s old floating point coprocessor card will recall that it
- was necessary to provide software support for the floating point
- operations which the actual FP chip still did not do. I understand that
- the new FPU chip is remarkable in a number of ways. On the positive
- side, the speed increase in its floating point operations is supposed to
- be quite staggering − of the order of 1,000 times. On the negative side,
- all it does is the elementary operations of addition, subtraction,
- multiplication and division. Transcendentals and scaling of numerical
- arguments to their proper interval are still done with the software
- support by splitting them up into the elementary operations and passing
- them to the hardware.
- 6.3
- SCSI cards
- 6.3
- There is an increasing selection of SCSI cards available for the
- Archimedes owner. I have experience of using three: the standard Acorn
- card, Oak’s SCSI card and the model produced by Lindis. The adverts
- emphasise two main features: speed and the possible existence of an on-
- board RAM cache. However, from experience, there is another considera
- tion of importance, namely the software and the implementation of the
- SCSI filing system.
- 6.3
- My A540 came with an Acorn SCSI card. This functioned very well − after
- all, the Acorn card sets the standard. However, I was disappointed with
- with various features of the Acorn interface when using SyQuest
- removable discs. Firstly, there was no real support for removable hard
- discs and secondly, the various formatting programs laid down slightly
- different boot sectors. In particular, the Oak card’s formatter writes
- information of particular use to removable discs. I found the Oak
- interface so much more convenient in use that I don’t use the Acorn card
- any more. The lesson here is that the software/firmware is important to
- consider when deciding which card to purchase. It should, however, be
- emphasised that only the Acorn card (to the best of my knowledge) can be
- used if one is running Unix.
- 6.3
- Although I have not seen it, there is now an interface card from Arxe
- Systems which combines a SCSI interface with support for a high density
- floppy disc drive. I am sure that the hardware is superb; what remains
- to be seen is how its software functions.
- 6.3
- High density floppy interface
- 6.3
- Last month, I discussed that there were rumours of a high density floppy
- disc drive interface which was sufficiently small, and cleverly
- designed, that it did not take up a podule slot. Michael Lowe has
- written in to say that he saw the advertisement in the April 1992 issue
- of Acorn User. It was from a firm called Evolution Computer Ltd,
- announcing a HD interface and drive for £85. Unfortunately, Michael has
- been unable to contact the company at either of its advertised
- addresses. Do any of our readers have any further information? (The
- address of Evolution and its UK arm, MAPS Ltd, are in the Factfile at
- the back of the magazine. Ed.)
- 6.3
- The bidirectional printer port
- 6.3
- Regular readers of this column will know that I have been extolling the
- virtues of the PC compatible bidirectional parallel printer port. I
- mentioned in the last issue the range of peripheral devices in the PC
- world which are available for connecting to such a port. I omitted to
- mention tape streamers and I have now discovered hard disc drives and
- even floppy drives which can be connected directly to this port. On a
- PC, one of these devices would appear as an ordinary “drive” and the
- software is designed to keep things as simple as this.
- 6.3
- Mike Harrison has been looking into the software situation from the
- Archimedes end, for using the printer port of RISC-OS machines with the
- new hardware, as I mentioned above, in connection with the PC emulator.
- He was rather disappointed by the apparent lack of software support in
- RISC-OS 3.1 for driving the PC type interfaces at anything other than
- the standard addresses. The only obvious provision for this seems to be
- for an alternative IDE controller.
- 6.3
- RISC-OS 3.1 upgrades
- 6.3
- The operating system upgrades are now available and there are various
- versions. The cheapest is the A5000 upgrade kit, and readers may be
- wondering whether they can use the chips from that kit on the other
- Archimedes machines. The answer is that you could in theory but by doing
- so, you would be specifically breaking Acorn’s licensing agreement − and
- it would be taking unfair advantage of them. The £20 you pay for the
- A5000 upgrade is for the upgrade from RISC-OS 3.0 to RISC-OS 3.10 and
- NOT from RISC-OS 2.0 to RISC-OS 3.10. Using the A5000 version on other
- computers would be akin to borrowing a copy of version 2.10 of Impres
- sion in order to get CC to give you a version 2.17 when you had only
- ever bought Impression version 1.
- 6.3
- ARM 3 upgrades and RISC-OS 3
- 6.3
- Under RISC-OS 2, if you installed an ARM 3 upgrade to one of the ARM 2
- machines you needed to run a special software application to turn the
- cache on. This is all taken care of with RISC-OS 3 which includes cache
- control in the operating system. I found my various Aleph One ARM 3
- upgrades and the one from Simtec (mentioned above) all functioned
- perfectly when their machines were upgraded to RISC-OS 3. A
- 6.3
- A press release from Acorn about the new VIDC chip... Acorn has welcomed
- the announcement from Advanced RISC Machines Ltd of its VIDC20 video
- controller which has been designed to meet the needs of a wide range of
- video systems, from power-sensitive portable computers through to
- desktop multimedia workstations and from graphics accelerators to games
- systems.
- 6.3
- This versatile controller can display at up to 16 million colours at
- VGA, Super VGA or XGA levels of resolution. Its low power architecture
- will drive the LCD screen of a portable computer directly whilst
- preserving battery life. It can be used to generate up to 32 bits per
- pixel at data rates of up to 160Mb/s.
- 6.3
- As well as providing a programmable display system, the chip also has
- sophisticated audio support. The device is fully compatible with the
- previous VIDC capabilities, providing up to eight channels of stereo
- sound. For higher quality multi-media applications requiring both sound
- and vision, the design provides a straightforward interface to dedicated
- sound controllers.
- 6.3
- Acorn Computers’ Technical Director, Malcolm Bird confirmed that Acorn
- was fully involved in the specification for ARM’s new graphics control
- ler with a view to it being used in future products. “The VIDC20 is one
- in a new series of high performance chips from ARM Ltd that keeps the
- ARM component set at the forefront of cost effective technology. We are
- leading the test validation programme for the device and anticipate
- including it in future generations of computers”, he said.
- 6.3
- Here are parts of a press release from ARM Ltd that give more technical
- details about the new VIDC chip... ...the VIDC20 is a high performance
- video controller that consumes very little power (typically 0.3W)...
- ...other features include a hardware cursor, programmable pixel rates
- and an on-chip sound system.
- 6.3
- VIDC20‘s low power architecture will drive the LCD screen of a portable
- computer directly, whilst preserving battery life, using a patented 16-
- level grey scale algorithm to give high quality picture rendition.
- However, VIDC20 is also capable of directly driving a colour CRT,
- allowing the same portable computer to use a colour monitor on the desk
- without additional components. The power management techniques ensure
- that functions not in use, such as the video digital to analogue
- converters (DAC) and sound DACs do not consume power. In addition, the
- on-board palette has been segmented so that only one eighth is enabled
- at any one time.
- 6.3
- VIDC20 was designed with the needs for higher levels of display
- resolution in mind. The chip can be used to generate 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and
- 32-bits/pixel formats at data rates of up to 160Mb/s. The on-board 8-bit
- linear DACs give a total of 16 million possible colours at rates of up
- to 100MHz and drive doubly terminated 75R lines directly. The inclusion
- of an on-chip phase comparator, when used with a voltage controlled
- oscillator (VCO), allows a single reference clock to generate all of the
- frequencies for any display mode.
- 6.3
- VIDC20 also supports a hardware cursor in all of its modes − high
- resolution, interlace and LCD. By offering cursor support on-chip, the
- designer benefits from higher performance and lower software overhead
- resulting in a better “look and feel” for the user. The cursor is 32
- pixels wide, an unlimited number of pixels high and can be displayed in
- 4 colours from its own 28-bit wide palette.
- 6.3
- As well as providing a programmable display system, the chip also
- supports two different sound systems. An on-chip system incorporates an
- 8-bit µ-law DAC providing up to eight channels of stereo sound. A 32-bit
- serial sound interface output enables the connection of external CD
- DACs. The on-chip sound system makes the development of powerful, yet
- low chip-count, X-terminal controllers straightforward. For higher
- quality multi-media applications requiring both sound and vision, the
- design provides a straight-forward interface. A
- 6.3
- ICS
- 6.3
- From 6.2 page 32
- 6.3
- Language Column
- 6.3
- David Wild
- 6.3
- I was very interested to see Gerald Fitton’s remarks, in the last issue
- of Archive, about the vast reduction in the amount of time spent
- programming these days. Partly, I suppose, this is because software
- packages have become much “cleverer” and many of the tasks for which we
- would once have written programs can now be done inside a package. This
- is probably one of the reasons why the language ‘APL’ didn’t take off in
- the way that many of its supporters hoped. Many, though not all, of the
- clever facilities for manipulating blocks of data are available in
- practically every spreadsheet there is.
- 6.3
- I have written several Turbo Pascal programs at work recently but all
- they did was to take the report output from a database package and alter
- the format to correspond with that required by the mainframe program to
- which the file has to be sent. Although the programs have quite a lot of
- detail in them, the only computation in the old sense is the production
- of record counts and file totals.
- 6.3
- Another problem these days, especially with the rise of WIMP usage, is
- the amount of work required just to be able to accept some data and
- print the results. With compiled languages such as ‘C’ and Pascal, there
- may be very much more programming in providing a test environment for a
- function than there is for the function itself and this can be a
- disincentive if there is no compulsion to do the work.
- 6.3
- Something that can help to restore your appetite for programming
- experiments is a language like Scheme which is a modern version of LISP.
- Ray Burcham, who is in charge of distribution of Scheme in this country,
- has sent me a newsletter which says that a WIMP version of Scheme will
- be available for the Archimedes in February, and it will cost only £5
- more than the present single-tasking version. As this costs less than
- £50, it is a very reasonable way of adding to your repertoire. While it
- is not a language in which you can write programs for distribution, it
- is a marvellous environment for developing algorithms. You can modify
- functions “on the fly” and test them by just typing a call with the
- appropriate data.
- 6.3
- A recent article in one of the computing weeklies talked about prototyp
- ing. The author warned that, although it had many advantages in showing
- users what could be done to respond to their needs, it was very
- important to ensure that sloppy code from this stage did not get through
- to the production phase. A language like Scheme could be very helpful
- for this as the algorithms would have to be recoded in one of the
- compiled languages anyway.
- 6.3
- One or two readers have already responded to my plea for help in my last
- article. Being a ‘C’ novice, I had not appreciated the way the ‘scanf’
- statement was specific to a data type, and I am very grateful for the
- explanations.
- 6.3
- Michael Kinghan of Oxford wrote a letter, which Paul has put in the
- Comment Column on page 44, taking me to task over several aspects of my
- article. I must apologise for the typing mistakes in the example program
- and can only say that this was caused by typing it quickly without
- sufficient checking. When I tried the program I didn’t think that it was
- worth keeping and it was only when I came to write the article that I
- realised that I could ask you for help and so had to retype it.
- 6.3
- I still don’t understand why the ‘C’ libraries need to be at root level,
- and this would still be the case if they were Pascal libraries. Except
- for very occasional updating, there seems to be no need for me to get at
- them and I would rather they didn’t clutter up the desktop when they are
- not needed. What I would have liked was for the installation routine to
- ask me where I wanted them to be put, and I would have said in the
- directory “languages” with something like the path statements used by
- programs like Impression to set the correct root.
- 6.3
- There was no particular disappointment at not making the ‘C’ routines
- work with Pascal ‘string’ types; they did work with variables defined as
- ‘packed array of char’ so I was quite happy with that − perhaps I did
- something wrong and I’ll try again sometime.
- 6.3
- It was not the ‘Plib’ library which I dragged in with the file to be
- compiled but my own library, and this turned out to be quite convenient
- as I could drag ‘aof’ files as well without creating libraries. I
- certainly didn’t alter the value of ‘P:’ as the ‘Plib’ library was
- linked in again as soon as I took my own library out of the libraries
- list. This is another area for experiment but I did get my program
- compiled and working satisfactorily.
- 6.3
- I would still like to hear of a method for initialising static vari
- ables, and details of any other problems such as some of the ‘ISO-
- standard’ functions not working if extensions are enabled. I certainly
- like the new compiler and hope that someone will write a proper manual
- for it eventually. A
- 6.3
- Comment Column
- 6.3
- • Acorn’s marketing policy − I was interested to see the comments by G T
- Swain and Ian Lynch (Archive 6.1 p16).
- 6.3
- I, too, get a little tired of the advertised discounts for education. No
- one minds a discount for quantity but your current advert for teachers
- of a £200 discount on the A4 I find distasteful. Ian quite rightly
- points out enthusiasts are an important market niche but they must not
- be insulted. They have to use their own hard cash which comes from an
- overtaxed income.
- 6.3
- MSDOS. Acorn ignore this at their peril. When I bought my Archimedes, it
- represented good value at the price, compared with the PC market. A
- small premium on the price was understood and accepted. Today this has
- all changed. With the price of a ’486 having fallen to a quarter of what
- it was, the competition is fierce and the premium is becoming too high.
- 6.3
- Once upon a time, everyone I worked with had BBC model B’s and then
- Masters. The company I work for, a major airline, is working hard to get
- everyone computer-minded. Needless to say, all the seminars that the
- company have given revolve around PC machines and Windows. Of all the
- people I work with, only three that I know of, have Archimedes; all the
- rest have junked their BBC’s and bought ’386s or ’486s.
- 6.3
- Many of my colleagues ask me what to buy. What am I to say? We have a
- requirement to run some in-house PC programs and the industry standard
- is rapidly becoming a ’486 with DOS 5 and Windows 3.1.
- 6.3
- ‘Windows is awful’, I hear everyone cry! You know that and I know that
- but try telling someone who doesn’t know what a window is. He wants the
- comfort of major software packages and something that is ‘standard’. Let
- us not delude ourselves.
- 6.3
- The PC Emulator. If you need to fiddle with some text processing on the
- side this is fine. As I have said, I have to run an in-house PC program
- every month, which takes 15 to 20 minutes to give a result. Every time I
- alter the data, even slightly, it’s another 20 minute wait. A slow ’386
- takes 3minutes, a ’486 barely takes 30 seconds.
- 6.3
- ‘Buy a PC’, I hear Ian say. This is fine and certainly cheaper than the
- Aleph expansion card, (even after the price reduction) but what next?
- Microsoft are not standing still. They know the shortcomings of their
- software and it will change. If I bought a ’486, I would end up selling
- my Archimedes and it will be one less customer for Acorn.
- 6.3
- A4 Notebook. I would dearly love to have one, as I could make a great
- deal of use of it. However, I can buy a good spec ’486 and a good spec
- ’386 notebook for almost the same price as the A4. You can see why I
- think the premium is getting too high. How can a non-business enthusiast
- justify another £2,000, not to mention all the insurance costs, for a
- second computer?
- 6.3
- Finally, the headmaster of my son’s school pointed out to me that, as
- IBM PC’s are the industry standard, that is what is used in his school.
- It is hard to dismiss this logic, particularly with today’s prices of
- PC’s.
- 6.3
- If Acorn junked the PC Emulator and supplied the A5000 with an Aleph One
- ’386 expansion board as standard, the Archimedes would become exceed
- ingly attractive. Eddie Lord, West Sussex.
- 6.3
- • Battery changing − I recently changed the batteries on my A420 − they
- had been in for two years. When I switched on, the hard disc would not
- work − the LED just came on and stayed on. In the end, I discovered that
- firming in the HD data cables brought it back to life. I tested the old
- batteries which gave 5.0A short circuit current and the battery tester
- declared their condition as ‘good’!
- 6.3
- The moral of the story? Well, firstly, I don’t think it is necessary to
- change the batteries every year as suggested in Archive. Secondly, when
- things go wrong, try the obvious things first, like firming the cables.
- G Wilcockson, Saffron Walden.
- 6.3
- • Error messages − Having seen the amusing error message in Archive 6.2
- page 8, I thought I might as well send you this one: ‘Warning! Stray
- debugging code detected. This machine will self-destruct in ten seconds.
- Awooooga! Awooooga!’.
- 6.3
- I found it in the Impression II file ‘Impress. Resources.uk’ and I have
- only been able to make it appear by altering the error message code to
- something like ‘InTi:’ and then selecting ‘Document − Info...’ from the
- main menu. Note, you will have to restart Impression for it to load the
- new message file ... Well I thought it was amusing... Philip Lardner,
- Co. Wicklow, Ireland.
- 6.3
- • Flopticals − As a back up medium, these seem ideal to me, particularly
- as the prices will fall. (Discs are already down to £15 each). I chatted
- to the man from Morley, who told me that floptical drives have a piece
- of code written into the drive software that prevents them being used
- without a software key − built into the SCSI board. Can I use an Acorn
- SCSI board? − “no” Morley said. Why not? “Talk to Acorn” they said.
- After much to’ing and fro’ing I got nowhere until I talked to Hugo of
- Serial Port fame.
- 6.3
- He confirmed the software lock problem and promptly showed me a
- Floptical working on an A540 with Acorn SCSI board. Serial Port provide
- a program that does the unlocking and allows the use of the Acorn SCSI
- board. They indicated that this is available separately so that the
- Floptical can be sourced elsewhere.
- 6.3
- I look forward to next year’s Acorn User Show − definitely worth a
- visit. Eddie Lord, W. Sussex.
- 6.3
- • Impression Junior upgrades − Trick or Treat? Archive has stated (e.g.
- 4.2 p33) that Computer Concepts will upgrade Impression Junior to
- Impression 2 “for the difference in cost”. Please note that this is not
- the £90 difference in Archive’s advertised prices but £117.50, the
- difference between Computer Concepts’ list prices. I probably would not
- have purchased Impression Junior if I had known this to be the case, and
- feel tricked into forking out an extra £27.50 needlessly. Instead, I
- probably would have gone for the full package in the first place. I had
- been contemplating this for a while before Impression Junior came along,
- only being put off by the unpalatable dongle.
- 6.3
- Having said that, Impression 2 is a treat to work with and I am pleased
- that I have the full version. Impression Junior lacked just the features
- I wanted. Am I overly suspicious in asking myself whether this was by
- chance or design? John Savage, Leighton Buzzard.
- 6.3
- (I would assume it was by design. If I were supplying a cut-down version
- at a cut-down price, I would keep the best features for the full
- version, wouldn’t you? Ed.)
- 6.3
- • Language Column − David Wild in his last two Language Columns has
- appeared to be having some aggravation with Desktop C and Desktop
- Pascal.
- 6.3
- October issue: David was disgruntled with the Desktop C installation for
- placing a number of directories under $, rather than somewhere more out
- of the way: “...for instance... the ‘Clib’ directory, to which I am
- hardly ever going to need access...”
- 6.3
- It may help him to reflect that his position is atypical. He has bought
- a £240 C Development platform in order to write Pascal programs. One can
- understand why he would like the C compiler’s resources to keep a low
- profile, and also understand why they don’t! The Desktop C installation
- creates four top level directories and their placement seems suitable
- from a C programmer’s perspective. $.CLib, of which David specifically
- complains, contains the Standard C Library (.o) and its headers (.h). To
- C programmers, the Standard headers represent an online implementation
- manual that is guaranteed to be true; so they like to have them handy (I
- keep Clib on my Backdrop). The same goes for $.Risc_OSLib which contains
- the RISC-OS Library and its headers.
- 6.3
- David’s idea that the offending C directories might “hidden away
- somewhere... with the correct paths maintained in... the DDE !Boot
- application” is feasible and has been implemented. For the DDE C
- compiler, the correct paths are maintained in (none other than) the DDE
- !Boot application in the assignments to C$Path and C$Libroot. The
- resources can be placed anywhere, as long as these variables point at
- them. This works for DDE Pascal too. The only C resources it uses are
- Stubs and Risc_OSLib and it looks for them on C$Path by default.
- 6.3
- November issue: David could not get the Pascal compiler to find the Plib
- library when he specified a library of his own in the Libraries option
- of the compiler menu − not even when he specified Plib at the same time.
- He was obliged to drag Plib onto the compiler dialogue. I have to report
- that I am unable to reproduce this bug. Plib resides in <Pascal$Dir>.o,
- and the link step finds it there automatically as long as P: remains set
- to <Pascal$Dir> − and the !Pascal.!Run file sees to that. I have linked
- my own development library, as well as Stubs, with Pascal programs via
- the Libraries option without any hitches. I suggest that David has
- accidentally or mistakenly assigned some path to P: in the course of his
- experiments which does not, in fact, contain the Plib library. This
- seems powerfully indicated by the fact that if P: is correctly set,
- specifying P:o.Plib in the Libraries option, as David says he did,
- causes that library to be included twice at linktime − because it is
- included by default. The linker responds with a “duplicate file ignored”
- warning which David would probably have mentioned had he seen it.
- 6.3
- November issue: Disappointment with C Library functions that “are
- defined to work on strings”. When called with Pascal string arguments,
- the compiler threw a type mismatch error. The arguments had to be
- redefined as packed arrays of char. I have not been able to reproduce
- this difficulty either but, without David’s code, I cannot determine
- just what he did. The following Pascal program calls two string
- functions from the Standard C Library with Pascal string arguments.
- Maybe it will make everything clear:
- 6.3
- program bigears;
- 6.3
- function strcmp(s1: string; s2: string) : integer; extern;
- 6.3
- (* The Standard C Library function strcmp() compares s1 with s2
- 6.3
- returning an int less than, equal to or greater than 0
- 6.3
- according as s1 is less than, equal to or greater than s2 *)
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- procedure strcpy(s1: string; s2: string); extern;
- 6.3
- (* The Standard C Library function strcpy() copies s1 to s2 *)
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- procedure compare(s1: string; s2: string);
- 6.3
- begin
- 6.3
- writeln(‘s1 = ’,s1);
- 6.3
- writeln(‘s2 = ’,s2);
- 6.3
- if strcmp(s1,s2) = 0 then writeln(‘s1 = s2’)
- 6.3
- else writeln(‘s1 <> s2’);
- 6.3
- end;
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- procedure noddy;
- 6.3
- var s1, s2 : string;
- 6.3
- begin
- 6.3
- s1 := ‘Mike’;
- 6.3
- s2 := ‘Kinghan’;
- 6.3
- compare(s1,s2);
- 6.3
- strcpy(s2,s1);
- 6.3
- compare(s1,s2);
- 6.3
- end;
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- begin
- 6.3
- noddy;
- 6.3
- end.
- 6.3
- November issue: Problems with a little demonstration program from Donald
- Alcock’s “Illustrating C”. The program is supposed to calculate interest
- payments given a principal, an annual rate and a term. (a) Desktop C
- died trying to compile it until calls to the power function pow() were
- pulled from their original context. (b) Then it issued “lack of
- precision” warnings but produced correct results. (c) Lastly, David
- noticed that the power function is defined for double-float arguments,
- while the program passes merely floats; but when he corrected this the
- results were preposterously huge.
- 6.3
- (a) This is a bug in the compiler’s elimination of common subexpres
- sions. It needs to be reported to Acorn: I will leave that to David. To
- explain, the compiler is trying to make good the inefficiency of Donald
- Alcock’s code where he calculates the (very expensive) function
- pow(1+R,N) twice within the same expression with identical values. The
- compiler wants to hoist this calculation out and perform it just once
- before evaluating the expression. Usually it succeeds but occasionally
- it bites off more than it can chew.
- 6.3
- There are two remedies. The efficient one is to do what David says he
- did and eliminate the common subexpression by hand. The slack one is to
- code #pragma no_optimise_cse at the top of the program. This just
- disables common subexpression elimination. CSE optimisation does not
- seem to be a strong point with the current C compiler. Back in the
- spring, I reported another bug to Acorn that had the same cause. I had
- been using the compiler for about 6 months before being bitten but it is
- second nature to me not to code common subexpressions in the first place
- because they are wantonly inefficient: I raised the bug by deliberating
- using common subexpressions to detect signed integer overflow in certain
- special cases. CSE problems very rarely cause the compiler to ‘abnormal
- end’, as in David’s tale; but be grateful when they do! What I got was a
- clean compile and a program whose behaviour was inscrutable nonsense.
- Nonsense, moreover, that I could not reproduce in the debugger...
- because the debug compile option silently disables CSE optimisation. To
- anyone who doubts they have the strength for experiences like this, I
- recommend they always enforce #pragma no_optimise _cse and rely on the
- optimiser between their ears. Just one more bitter word on this topic:
- the C manual (p378) prescribes the relevant directive as #pragma
- nooptimise_cse. That is wrong: no_optimise_cse is right.
- 6.3
- (b) The warnings do not signify lack of precision. They say “lower
- precision in wider context <operator>”, and mean that an arithmetic or
- logical context is forcing values to widen in order to balance the
- operands to <operator> (i.e. to bring them to a common type). These
- complaints are caused by Donald Alcock’s casual coding, in which both
- integer constants and float variables are used as operands to double
- float arithmetic. The warnings are saying: “If you really want wider
- types at this point why don’t you say so?” If 12 and 1 are changed to
- 12.0 and 1.0 respectively they will be parsed as double float in the
- first instance: declaring the float variables as double instead gets rid
- of the remaining warnings.
- 6.3
- (c) There is no need to ensure that arguments to the pow() function are
- declared as double rather than float. The precision warnings make it
- clear that this is not the problem. The C maths functions are all
- defined for double float parameters and compilers automatically promote
- float arguments to double. (The nuisance in fact lies in the difficulty
- of doing single float maths when that is all you want.) The absurdly
- huge results obtained by changing the float variables to double are
- caused by neglecting the corresponding changes that need to be made to
- the format specifiers in the scanf() function. These were left as “%f”,
- which means “read a single precision (32-bit) float”, when what we now
- want to read is a double precision (64-bit) float; so single precision
- values are copied into the high-order words of double precision
- variables giving garbage quantities that naturally tend to be big.
- Change “%f” to “%lf” in the scanf() function − that means “read a double
- float” − and the program is again correct.
- 6.3
- A parting word to the editor: Can I stress the importance of correctly
- transcribing program code for the magazine? Most of the folk who type in
- listings are beginners and they can be baffled and frustrated by
- transcription errors that they can’t understand. The dozen or so
- statements in David’s program as published contain several errors that I
- assume were introduced by transcription, since any of them would have
- prevented David from compiling the program. There is no substitute for
- getting program code in machine readable form and leaving it unedited
- throughout the publication process. If you have to transcribe or edit
- it, it really should be rekeyed and compiled from early proofs, and the
- very least that should let you sleep at night is to have it proof-read
- by a programmer in the relevant language. Here is a rendering that will
- compile spotlessly and execute correctly IF YOU DON’T CHANGE IT:
- 6.3
- #include <stdio.h>
- 6.3
- #include <math.h>
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- int main(void)
- 6.3
- {p , Rpct, R, M, power;
- 6.3
- int N;
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- printf(“\nEnter: Principal, Rate, No. of yrs.\n”);
- 6.3
- scanf(“%lf %lf %i”, &P, &Rpct, &N);
- 6.3
- R=Rpct/100;
- 6.3
- power=pow(1.00+R,N);
- 6.3
- M=P*R*power/(12.00*(power-1.00));
- 6.3
- printf(“\n£%1.2f,@%1.2f %% costs £%1.2f over %i years”,P,Rpct,M,N);
- 6.3
- printf(“\nPayments will total £%1.2f\n”,12.00*M*N);
- 6.3
- return 0;
- 6.3
- }
- 6.3
- Mike Kinghan, Oxford
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- (OK, I’ll try to do better next time. David Wild, in the Language Column
- on page 42, accepts some of the blame, too. Ed.)
- 6.3
- • Magic Moments by Richard Fallas... Paul has a problem. The weight of
- Archive is (almost) literally pressing on his shoulders because of the
- vast numbers of back-issues stored over his and his gallant staff’s
- heads.
- 6.3
- He is, understandably, concerned that the floor might not be capable of
- providing continued support to all the unread pearls of wisdom accumu
- lated above. Can we help? Yes! Buy back-issues. Can the Archimedes
- (sorry, Acorn-acronymous-processing-machine) help? Possibly.
- 6.3
- Let’s see if we can provide some reassurance by using the computer.
- First of all, a bit of general background to what makes a floor stay up.
- The floor is likely to be constructed of softwood joists (i.e. beams)
- placed parallel to each other and spanning between two walls (let’s say
- 175mm × 50mm at 400mm centres spanning 3m). The capacity of the joists
- is limited by several factors, e.g. shear and bending capacity,
- deflection, etc. The most important two in domestic cases are likely to
- be bending and deflection.
- 6.3
- The job required of the joists is to carry the load above, but what
- load? Well, there is the weight of the floor itself called the Dead
- Load, likely to be of the order of 0.5 to 0.6 KN/m2. That reads “kilo
- Newtons per square metre” − remember Isaac being bopped on the head by
- an apple? A Newton is 100grammes x 9.81 m/s2 i.e. about ¼ lb, i.e. about
- 1 apple!
- 6.3
- Next comes the Live Load, i.e. anything which can be removed. This has
- to cover Archive staff, their furniture and the odd magazine or two they
- leave lying around! In normal domestic cases, 1.5KN/m2 is used for
- design.
- 6.3
- A slight digression now: different types of building material are
- considered in one of two ways for design, namely Safe and Ultimate. In
- steel, for example, stresses used are those at the ultimate state, i.e.
- when the beam buckles or bends in failure. Loads are factored up to
- achieve an overall Safety Factor. Timber, by contrast, is currently
- designed using Safe Working Stresses but with the actual loads expected.
- The two methods give similar, but not identical, answers.
- 6.3
- As this is a timber floor (we think) we will use the loads as they are
- and restrict our stresses to “Safe” values. Here we have more variables
- which affect our calculation: number of members acting together,
- duration of load, type of wood, moisture content, etc, etc. Generally,
- however, we can say that good softwood will safely sustain a bending
- stress of 5.3N/mm2. This can be increased by 1.1 as we have several
- joists acting together.
- 6.3
- So to a design (or more accurately analysis)... Maximum Bending Moment
- of a uniformly loaded beam is given by w × l2 / 8 (load per m times span
- squared over 8). Bending Stress of a rectangular beam is given by
- Bending Moment / Section modulus, z, where z = b × d2 / 6 (breadth times
- depth squared over 6).
- 6.3
- If you are still awake, you will see that we need to compare these
- various elements in some way to see if Paul is now sitting with a pile
- of rubble around him. Perhaps the best way is to calculate Moment of
- Resistance and hope it is greater than Applied Moment. This is OK for
- one case with all the variables known. If, however, we want to find what
- the capacity is, with possible sizes, spacing and spans, etc, a
- spreadsheet is an obvious way forward. Included on the monthly program
- disc is a PipeDream template file which offers a means of altering the
- variables and giving immediate results.
- 6.3
- To pursue the one example, however, the sum goes as shown in the box at
- the foot of the page.
- 6.3
- If the values are as I have guessed, Paul now has a means of assessing
- the risk of working downstairs. The template gives deflection values
- which I won’t go into here. Of course, the example assumes uniform
- loading and I know Paul has moved his magazines close to the walls. This
- is too complex to deal with here but if he sends me a sketch with layout
- and dimensions, I would be happy to check it further for him. The
- template is able to cope with a distributed load which only applies to
- part of the joist. Meanwhile, I hope this brief discourse into
- Structural Engineering on the Archimedes has been of passing interest.
- Anyone care to explore Nuclear Fusion or Relativity for us?
- 6.3
- (That was an interesting aside − thanks, Richard. The template, plus
- instructions, are on the monthly program disc. The magazines? Well, I
- chickened out. I hired an industrial storage unit and moved the excess
- magazines out. The removal company who did all the hard work reckoned
- that they moved about 4½ tons down the stairs and out of the loading
- bay. Now that’s what I call a weight off my mind!! Ed.)
- 6.3
- • Pocket Book article addition − It would appear that there has been
- some confusion about the hardware information in the Pocket Book article
- from Archive 6.2 p61. The following is an excerpt from a letter by Chris
- Parker:
- 6.3
- “... the paragraph which discusses hardware differences seems to imply
- that you can only use the 3-Link with an Archimedes if you run the PC
- Emulator and make a few wiring changes.
- 6.3
- “... you only need to make wiring changes and run the PC Emulator if you
- want to run the...PC or Mac software supplied with the 3-Link. My Series
- 3 is connected to the serial port of my Archimedes with no wiring
- changes. To transfer files from the Psion to the Archimedes, I use a PD
- program called ‘DownLoad’... by Emmet Spier. To transfer files and OPL
- Source Code from the Archimedes to the Psion I use the one-liner
- Filer_OpenDir serial: cunningly disguised as an application.
- 6.3
- “... the Psion does not appear as a filing system on the Archimedes but
- files transfer in both directions...” Chris Parker
- 6.3
- • Reviewing standards − I must say that I’m not too happy at the way in
- which some of your review writers start their reviews. They often do not
- clearly state what they are writing about. A typical example is the
- review of Starch in Archive 6.2 page 64.
- 6.3
- I may be teaching my grandma to suck eggs but the first paragraph of any
- review should inform the reader of the name of the product, what it IS,
- i.e. hardware or software, briefly what it is supposed to do, how much
- it costs and who manufactures it. The second paragraph should outline
- some of the ‘amazing’ features, or lack of, that make it such a
- worthwhile buy, or why you wouldn’t touch it with a barge pole. It
- should then go on in an informative fashion about the pros and cons of
- the product and wind up with a brief conclusion which should summarise
- the most important points made in the body of the review. It is the
- editor’s job to cut out all the waffle and leave the reader in a
- position to compare the product against similar ones. All too often,
- Archive reviews fail miserably to do this and I for one do not have the
- time to read badly written reviews. Perhaps you could give potential
- reviewers an outline of how a review should be written, or print an
- article in Archive to this purpose. Philip Lardner, Co. Wicklow,
- Ireland.
- 6.3
- Thanks, Philip. Your comments should help to point reviewers in the
- right direction. The article on page 57 should also help. Ed. A
- 6.3
- Actual Live Load (say) : 1 Archive = 120g approx. ( = 1.2N)
- 6.3
- Area = 0.21 × 0.15
- 6.3
- hence for 1m2, “Archive” Load = 1.2/(0.21 × 0.15) = 38 N/m2/mag.
- 6.3
- if in piles 20 magazines high, Archive Load = 0.76 KN/m2
- 6.3
- if in piles 40 high, Archive Load = 1.52 KN/m2 (i.e. our Limit)
- 6.3
- Applied Moment = (1.52 + 0.6) × 0.4 (spacing) × 3 × 3 / 8 = 0.954 KN.m
- 6.3
- Moment of Resistance = 5.3 × 1.1 × 50 × 175 × 175 / 6 × 106 = 1.48 KN.m
- 6.3
- hence,..... M. o. R. > App. M. equals happiness.
- 6.3
- Ovation Column
- 6.3
- Maurice Edmundson
- 6.3
- To my surprise, in the November issue of Archive a number of contribu
- tors had cogent things to say about Ovation. Richard Hallas’ comments
- were especially useful and many of the points he made are those I plan
- to deal with more fully in this and later articles.
- 6.3
- Text frames, picture frames and lines in Ovation are referred to as
- “objects” and this option in the main menu leads to an object sub-menu
- with a dozen tools for manipulating them in one way or another. The
- labelling of these tools is automatically changed according to the
- nature of the object selected. They give the user great flexibility when
- planning a document.
- 6.3
- However, before giving some examples of use, I want to refer to the View
- option in the main menu and to the two choices Show Rulers and Units.
- Usually you will probably find millimetres (mm) a suitable choice for
- units, but you can also choose inches (“ or in) and points (pt). Ovation
- uses units in an intelligent way. If you have globally selected mm with
- the Units option but, at some stage, in your work, you require one
- dimension in points, then by entering the numerical value followed by
- pt, Ovation will correctly interpret this temporary special value in
- points. Similarly, if you add ” or in after the number, it would assume
- these to be inches. This is a great help in some situations and I will
- give examples later. For now, I assume the Units are mm and Show Rulers
- is selected so that on screen, there is a ruler marked in centimetres
- and millimetres around the left and top borders of the document window.
- 6.3
- If you are inserting a frame or line into the document, the ruler
- assists in placing it at the correct position and also in drawing it to
- the correct size. Once the frame tool is highlighted, short red markers
- on the ruler show exactly where the mouse pointer is and hence where the
- top left corner of the frame will be. As the mouse moves and the frame
- is opened, these red indicators move and you can judge the width and
- height of the frame quite accurately. Final adjustments can be made in
- one of several ways. For accuracy to a fraction of a millimetre, not
- only for the size of the frame but just where it is on the page, select
- Modify Frame from the Object menu and write all the dimensions in the
- dialogue box. If visual accuracy is sufficient, once the frames are on
- the page and of a suitable size, with the mouse pointer over the frame,
- clicking <adjust> will permit the frames to be slid very quickly about
- the page into what you judge is the best layout. If <shift> is pressed
- at the same time, the movement is constrained to the vertical or
- horizontal. For these moves, the mouse pointer is replaced with a “move”
- symbol.
- 6.3
- The rulers also permit adding guidelines to the page and, providing the
- feature is ticked, in the Object menu, frames and lines will snap to
- guidelines when drawn close to them. (Used in the chess board example
- below.)
- 6.3
- I will make brief mention of a couple of special points about picture
- frames which we will probably return to again in a later article. When a
- sprite is loaded into a picture frame, with the pointer over the
- picture, pressing <select> moves the picture within the frame but does
- not move the frame. Draw a small text frame inside the picture frame (a
- nested frame), prepare a suitable font and type in the caption to the
- picture. With the pointer over the caption press <adjust> to position it
- accurately; with the pointer over the picture, press <adjust> to move
- the picture into position on the page. The nested caption moves with it
- and retains its correct relative position. This method is better than
- writing the caption externally beneath the picture.
- 6.3
- The Modify Frame option also has a write-box for varying the angle of
- the picture within the frame. Entering 70 would tip the picture
- backwards by 70° and entering 320 would tip it forwards by 40°. Rotation
- of sprites and draw files is only possible if you have RISC-OS 3.1 and
- then may only be printed if your printer (such as directly driven
- lasers) can cope with rotations.
- 6.3
- If <shift> is pressed just before drawing a frame, it will automatically
- be drawn as a square whatever size you wish to make it. If you start to
- draw a frame and then feel you have started at the wrong point,
- returning the mouse pointer to the point you started from and releasing
- <select> will annul the frame (or press <Escape> at any position); the
- frame can be started from another point immediately. A border (one of
- many styles supplied or make up your own in !Paint) can be added to the
- frame.
- 6.3
- A very important tool in this versatile list, is the Duplicate Object
- function. A worked example will best illustrate all the things I have
- described. Consider the design of a chess board. Guidelines will also be
- helpful in this exercise. They will assist with the final border around
- the whole board. Open a document window with the rulers visible, and
- move the mouse pointer on to the top ruler. Press <select> (or <adjust>)
- and the vertical guideline appears. Slide this to the 20mm point and
- release. Repeat along the side ruler to give a horizontal guideline 20mm
- down. Snap to Guides in the Object menu should be ticked.
- 6.3
- Draw a picture frame exactly 20 × 20mm where the guidelines intersect.
- (Remember pressing <shift> forces a square). Select Duplicate Frame from
- the Object menu. The following default dialogue box appears.
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- We are going to position all the white squares on the page. First create
- the top line of white squares. The “number of times” will be 3 (we have
- 1 and require 3 more). We do not want any vertical offset but we want
- the top left corner of each duplicate square to be positioned two square
- widths away from its parent, i.e. its own width plus the width of the
- intermediate black square. Therefore set horizontal offset to 40mm.
- Click on OK and they appear as if by magic! Repeat for the left hand
- vertical column. Here the vertical offset is 40mm and the horizontal
- offset is 0mm. Now duplicate each of the top line squares downwards in
- threes. Next duplicate the top left corner square once with 20mm
- horizontal and 20mm vertical offset. Here is a view of a portion of the
- screen at this stage.
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- Finally, duplicate this square in threes horizontally and vertically and
- all the white squares are completed.
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- Returning to the top left corner, duplicate once with a 20mm horizontal
- shift and then, from the Modify Frame dialogue box, change its colour to
- black or grey.
- 6.3
- This square is then duplicated in exactly the same way as the white
- squares, to fill the chess board with the black squares. Because we have
- used picture frames, if you have chess-piece sprites, they can be loaded
- into the sq uares as required. Their size (scale) can be adjusted from
- the Modify Frame dialogue box by changing the values in the two write
- slots called X-scale and Y-scale. Now add guidelines exactly along the
- right hand and lower edges of the board. so that the whole board is
- framed with the guidelines. Draw one large picture frame around the
- whole board, allowing it to snap to the guidelines. From Modify Frame
- give it a border 2mm thick and make the frame transparent.
- 6.3
- In cold print, all this may sound a little tedious and complicated but I
- have put it forward as an exercise to illustrate the great versatility
- of the Ovation frame system and, in practice, the whole chess board can
- be drawn in a few minutes. From the View menu select Hide Guidelines to
- check all is well before printing. This is a reduced view of part of the
- printout from my ArcLaser.
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- The Duplicate Object function is ideal for producing all kinds of
- tickets, membership cards, compliment slips and so forth. It is even
- possible to produce numbered tickets, without too much trouble. Since we
- are duplicating an object, not just a frame, everything contained within
- the frame is duplicated as well. To assist with the final cutting of the
- printed A4 sheets, it is best to choose ticket sizes which fit the sheet
- exactly, not forgetting that outside margins of around 8 mm represent
- the print limits for most printers.
- 6.3
- I give an example of a numbered membership ticket to illustrate all the
- techniques. I shall make it 105mm × 74.25mm which will give eight per A4
- page and they will be very easy to guillotine along the major axes into
- individual tickets. Use New Document to define a page with 8mm margins
- all round. If you do not require numbered tickets, work on the Document
- page. If you do require numbers, everything that follows is carried out
- on the Master page. Near the top left corner draw a text frame about
- 85mm × 55mm a few mm inside the main frame. Add a 0.5mm border then
- modify the frame to exactly X=8mm; Y=8mm; W=89mm; Ht=58.25mm. This will
- not only make the frame the correct size but move it right into the
- corner of the main frame. When borders are drawn around the outside of
- frames, their dimensions are increased by the width of the border all
- round. This must be taken into account when duplicating frames with
- borders. In this instance, had the frame been placed in the corner
- before the border was added, you would have been given an error message
- saying that there was not enough room for the border. (It must remain
- within the main frame.) Every ticket will have an 8mm wide margin all
- round.
- 6.3
- Now using suitable fonts, fill in the ticket with the required text.
- Here is an example:
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- If numbering is not required, the frame is duplicated once to the right
- (horizontal offset=105mm) and three times down (vertical
- offset=74.25mm). Save it! then print as many pages as required to
- complete the job. If numbering is required, proceed as follows. You have
- to prepare a “numbers” document which, once done, can be used over and
- over again. Open a new Ovation document with (say) 6 columns. Choose a
- font and a style for the numbers e.g. 14pt. Homerton Bold. Starting at
- the top of the first column type in numbers of three digits from 001 to
- 999 (or if two digits will suffice, from 01 to 99) with a carriage
- return between each one. Hence we create a numbers list similar to the
- following. (Save it!)
- 6.3
- (How about using Basic to generate the numbers:
- 6.3
- *Spool RAMFS:numbers
- 6.3
- FOR N=1TO1000
- 6.3
- PRINT N
- 6.3
- NEXT
- 6.3
- *SPOOL
- 6.3
- Then load the file and do a bit of search & replace to get rid of
- leading spaces and to add leading zeros for numbers less then 100. Ed.)
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- On the ticket, draw a small text frame where the number is to appear, of
- such a size that it will just hold one of your three digit numbers. In
- my sample, the number frame is 11mm × 8.25mm The corner ticket, which is
- our template, is now complete. Duplicate it across and down as described
- previously. Use the link tool to direct the text flow from number frame
- to number frame starting top left, down the left hand tickets, up to the
- top right and down to the bottom right. Return to the document page.
- Delete the blank page to obtain the new page with all the tickets on it.
- Save it! Put the caret anywhere in the main frame, then holding down
- <return>, allow the document to accumulate as many pages as you need,
- e.g. If 64 tickets, assemble 8 pages. Finally, starting with page 1, use
- the link tool to link the bottom right number frame to the top left
- number frame on page 2 and repeat this for all eight pages. From the
- numbers document, use the Edit function to copy the first 64 numbers.
- Then paste them in to the tiny frame on the top left ticket on page 1.
- All the other 63 numbers will flow into the correct tickets. Print the
- document. The above may sound rather long winded but it is surprising
- how quickly a set of tickets for a modest size club can be printed. A
- 6.3
- Fonts Workshop − Part 4
- 6.3
- Roger Spooner
- 6.3
- In the second article, Using FontEd, I described how to use Acorn’s font
- editing program. I covered loading a font, moving points around,
- creating and deleting things, live links, scaffold lines and so on.
- However, there was little on how to design a pleasant looking character
- set. I hope to cover that here.
- 6.3
- Balance
- 6.3
- Making a font where you can recognise the letters is easy. The problem
- is how to make one which is clean and balanced − one which hangs
- together well. This can be a very difficult task, not because of the
- tools but because of the discerning eye of the reader.
- 6.3
- To assist with this, though, it would be helpful to have some consistent
- standards throughout the new font. A number of methods can be used,
- including a framework of straight lines, a measurement of line thickness
- and a comparison of widths.
- 6.3
- A basic framework
- 6.3
- To start with, it is important to design all the letters with a
- consistent idea of scale and position. This is not easy on a plain white
- background, so I do the following:
- 6.3
- Think a little about your new font. Consider the typical height-width
- ratio and the normal thickness of both horizontal and vertical lines.
- 6.3
- Starting with a completely blank font window, open the skeleton window
- for space. You will see a small red cross near the bottom left.
- 6.3
- Create a horizontal scaffold line level with it and going up for the
- thickness of a horizontal line segment. Do the same a bit to the right
- of the red origin point (50 units) and set its thickness to the typical
- vertical line thickness.
- 6.3
- Create similar scaffold lines at about 300 along and 400 up. The precise
- details are up to you.
- 6.3
- These lines form the outside edge of the basic letter. It may be that
- nothing is close enough to be worth linking properly but they help align
- your work consistently.
- 6.3
- Duplicating the framework
- 6.3
- Once the scaffold lines are made, they should be copied (by dragging the
- character box in the font window with <adjust> from one box to another)
- so that the scaffold lines are inherited. Do not copy it everywhere; you
- will want to add more scaffold lines to characters like B which can then
- be copied from there to E and F. Be careful not to move any scaffold in
- any character except the one where it was created. When you do move
- scaffolds, all characters with copies of the same are also altered. If
- you do have to move it, you may want to Make Local the line in question.
- 6.3
- Designing the shapes
- 6.3
- You can start designing actual letters immediately after setting up the
- initial framework of scaffolds. You may choose to start on A, or perhaps
- a simple letter like I, and then move to H, E, F, B, D, etc. It’s up to
- you.
- 6.3
- Be careful to keep the line thickness methodical, using the thickness of
- the scaffold lines and perhaps using the shadow of another character
- behind the one you are designing (drag its little box into the skeleton
- window with <select>).
- 6.3
- It is customary to make curves go out beyond the guiding lines. Thus an
- O finishes below an I, and starts above it.
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- This is a very small variation, but it makes a world of difference.
- Without it, curved characters look distinctly small by comparison to the
- straight ones.
- 6.3
- Regulating line thickness
- 6.3
- It is difficult to get the line thickness right all the time. It is
- certainly easiest when the line is horizontal or vertical, and so I
- recommend that the end points of curves are at those limits. (Although
- they are at 45° in the Acorn fonts, these were probably done by a
- machine). Even with them at the top and bottom, you may still need to do
- some arithmetic. This would involve turning on Display.Coords and
- dragging a point nowhere. As you drag it, the coordinates (in design
- units) are visible. With them, you can ensure that everything is how you
- want it.
- 6.3
- It is customary to make the lines thinner when horizontal. Where two
- lines meet, it is sometimes necessary to dig into one to make the shape
- distinct. The shape can be quite severely deformed before the reader is
- actually bothered by it. This is shown in the ‘r’ of Homerton.Black,
- where the curving part gets unusually thin as it joins the vertical.
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- This merely serves to accentuate the curved shape.
- 6.3
- The good curve
- 6.3
- Although you may be getting bored of it by now, it is worth pointing out
- again what makes a good curve.
- 6.3
- Imagine the crossing point of the lines from the end points to the
- control points of the curve, as shown by the dotted line below.
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- If this crossing point is between one of the end points and its control
- point (as in the diagram), the curve won’t look nice. The crossing point
- should be beyond both control points.
- 6.3
- As with contour lines on a map, outlines, be they curved or straight,
- should never cross. Although it will be plotted correctly, you can be
- assured that the shape is a compromise − you should really put more
- effort into designing the shape carefully.
- 6.3
- You should also keep the number of lines in a character to the minimum.
- If you allow a program like Trace to do an outline of a scanned
- character, it will probably come out with dozens of line sections. This
- is not good for real fonts as it takes longer to plot, uses more disc
- space and is more messy. Anyway, scanning should never be part of the
- process of font design!
- 6.3
- Live linking, the method for putting parts of several characters
- together to form another like é, should be used wherever possible: a
- colon should be a proper copy of a dot combined with a live link of a
- dot (the latter moved up). An i should have a live linked dot (which
- won’t get linked when you come to ï) and so on. You may want to do the
- apostrophe without links, as that will save you from effort with double
- inverted commas, and the polarised inverted commas.
- 6.3
- Difficult characters
- 6.3
- (I can think of a few! Ed.) Some characters are easy enough to create by
- just drawing the outline immediately. The letter I, for example, is
- often just a rectangle. With others like ‘&’ though, the complexity of
- varying thickness and crossing lines means that you have a brain melt-
- down while trying to figure out the outline positions and joins.
- 6.3
- To solve this problem, you can do the skeleton lines first. These should
- follow the exact shape of the letter (as compared to doing them later
- when they just need to be inside the outline), including correct curves
- and positions. Note that the skeleton runs through the middle of the
- shape, so don’t go right to the edge of the intended outline.
- 6.3
- You can then adjust the skeleton with ease before trying to put the
- outline round it and can therefore be fairly sure that it’s right before
- you go to too much trouble. Look at the red line in the Full Char window
- to be sure of the shape.
- 6.3
- Finally, just drop the outlines in, being careful to make them start and
- end in places which will allow you to join them to lines going the other
- way easily.
- 6.3
- Widths
- 6.3
- It is also important to keep the width of each character precise. Make a
- stab at it, then save the file, load it in to something like KeyCaps
- (from Design Concept) or Draw and take a long hard look at whether each
- character looks well spaced compared with every other characters. Don’t
- be afraid to go up to really big sizes like 1000 pt if needed − you’re
- not on a PC now! If you do need to make an adjustment, remember it can
- be to the left as well as to the right.
- 6.3
- To change the space to the left of a character, select any scaffold
- line, link all the character’s points to it (drag a big box round them
- all), then hold down <Ctrl> and press <Left> or <Right> (¬ or ®). This
- will move all the linked points 16 units in the given direction. Then,
- press <F9> to unlink the points from the scaffold and relink the correct
- points.
- 6.3
- Because the width of the previous character specifies where the origin
- of this one goes, you can control where the black actually starts by
- moving the shape in relation to the origin.
- 6.3
- Hopefully it will soon be possible to specify the gap between every pair
- of characters (i.e. thousands of numbers) individually, using kerning
- pairs. Thus you will be able to get the spacing exactly as you want it.
- In the mean time, it’s not too difficult to create a spacing which suits
- pretty well everyone. A
- 6.3
- A Little OOPS
- 6.3
- Jim Bailey
- 6.3
- Smalltalk was originally both an operating system and a language; on
- modern computers it can be considered just a language. It is an Object
- Orientated Programming System (OOPS) and was developed at Xerox Palo
- Alto Research Center during the 1970s. In 1980, a graphical front end
- was developed resulting in Smalltalk 80 upon which current versions are
- based.
- 6.3
- The hardware required then was regarded as advanced; a 16 bit processor,
- 80 to 100Kb of memory, 5 or 10Mb hard disc, a high resolution mono
- display and a three button mouse. At that time, an average home micro
- had about 48Kb of memory and an 8 bit processor (6502, Z80) e.g Apple
- II, PET and TRS80 Model I. The software consisted of 6 to 12Kb of
- machine code to implement the interface to the hardware and to set up a
- basic Smalltalk system. The bulk of Smalltalk, about 300Kb, was written
- in Smalltalk itself. Modern Smalltalk systems can be very much larger.
- 6.3
- Smalltalk is totally object orientated; everything in Smalltalk is an
- object. Programming is done by defining Classes and creating Objects
- from them. Classes become part of Smalltalk; thus programming actually
- alters Smalltalk itself; Smalltalk is your program.
- 6.3
- Classes define what an object can do. Most other languages are command
- driven. In Basic, the command “PRINT item” calls a routine which
- examines “item” and decides if it knows the type and how to print it; if
- it’s not one of a limited number of types then PRINT fails. In Small
- talk, the object “item” is sent the message “Print” and it is up to
- “item” how it interprets the message. If the programmer is not happy
- with the print method, he can rewrite “items” Class definition to his
- own satisfaction; try that in Basic. All the Classes in Smalltalk can be
- rewritten; but care must be taken when altering the basic Classes as an
- error in these could make the system unuseable i.e. a total crash.
- 6.3
- Variables in Smalltalk have only one type; they are all Objects. A
- variable can start life as an integer, change to a string then become an
- array. To become side-tracked for a moment − what is an array? An array
- is usually a group of similar items such as strings but in Smalltalk,
- only Objects exist, therefore only arrays of Objects can be created. An
- Object can be anything that a Class defines; therefore an array of four
- Objects can consist of an integer, a string, a sprite and another array.
- 6.3
- Creating Classes can be done from scratch but the usual method is to
- define a Class as a sub-class of an existing class which already does
- most of what is needed and to define only the new methods needed. A sub-
- class can do anything its parent Class(es) can do. A Class can be a sub-
- class of a sub-class and it inherits all the methods of all its parent
- classes.
- 6.3
- Smalltalk for the Archimedes is expensive − over £400. The cheapest is
- for DOS which costs under £100. For those who wish to try out OOPS,
- there is a public domain version called Little Smalltalk. This was
- written for UNIX-based text-only systems; and is written in C. It was
- ported to the Archimedes several years ago. The version I have was
- ported by Smalltalk Express to run under Arthur! I have converted it to
- Standard C and it now runs as a normal application. It is still text-
- based but I have added additional features to access more of RISC-OS.
- 6.3
- Reference: A Little Smalltalk by Timothy Budd ISBN 0-201-10698-1. A
- 6.3
- Mad Professor Mariarti
- 6.3
- Stephen & David Sloan (aged 11 & 10)
- 6.3
- This is a rather old game from Krisalis ported directly from the Amiga.
- It is a platform and ladders game and comes in a small box, not unlike
- that of Lemmings, with a cartoon-style picture on the front. It has a
- couple of screenshots on the back, with the scenario in a few different
- languages. Inside the box are the game disk and a small leaflet which
- tells you the scenario again, the controls and the loading instructions
- for the Amiga and Atari ST (groan!). The scenario goes along these
- lines... You have built some laboratories without planning permission. A
- few of your machines have turned mutant and have taken over the labs and
- are running around outside frightening people. The mayor isn’t too happy
- about this and wants you to shut down the labs − if you don’t he will
- send Dr. Headbender to lock you up in the local asylum.
- 6.3
- The game
- 6.3
- At first when we inserted the disk with auto-boot configured, we got an
- error message telling me that the boot file was for Arthur users only.
- We returned to the desktop and loaded the game from there. When you load
- up there is a screen almost matching that on the front of the box and
- then the same picture with the word ™‰‘mad’ bouncing up and down. There is
- also a good tune playing and if you don’t press space for a while, you
- will come to a screen with instructions and credits and a better part of
- the tune will play.
- 6.3
- The keys are <Z> for left, <X> for right, <P> for up, <L> for down and
- <space> for fire although they are fully redefinable by pressing <ctrl-
- D> during the game. Pressing fire will bring you to the first game
- screen where you can choose which laboratory you want to visit first.
- There are five labs to be shut down: Chemical Research Lab, Computer
- Science Lab, Space Rocket Development Lab, Biological Observations Lab
- and the Mystery Lab. They can be shut down in any order except that the
- Mystery Lab cannot be entered until the rest have been shut down. To
- choose a lab you must get to its entrance by climbing, walking or
- jumping and jump in the middle of it. There are no adversaries on this
- screen but trying to walk off the edge of the screen will cause you to
- be booted back on again.
- 6.3
- The labs all have good cartoon-like graphics and excellent tunes but the
- foreign language versions are not available on the Archimedes. To close
- down the labs, you have to reach an almost inaccessible switch using
- equipment to help you on your way through to it. You will need to get
- certain items of equipment in order to get other bits of equipment that
- enable you to shut down the lab. Some of the puzzles are quite humorous
- − for example, there is one where you need to get some milk and some
- cereal and put it in the microwave and then eat it to stop yourself from
- freezing when you go outside onto the roof.
- 6.3
- You have to fight your way through mutants using your trusty spanner to
- destroy or freeze them so that you can get past − although they come
- back after a while. There are different mutants on every level and they
- all take varying amounts of shots depending on the weapon you have. They
- look like ordinary objects that have been brought to life. For example,
- you can find a mutant disk in the Computer Lab or a mutant calculator in
- the Space Rocket Development Lab. You also have to watch where you jump
- because there are certain things like electric sockets and boiling
- liquids that kill you in a variety of ways.
- 6.3
- Dotted around the labs are tokens that look like coins spinning round.
- Once you have collected enough of these you can trade them in at a tool
- vendor to get upgraded weapons. The weapons are listed here from least
- to most effective: Spanners, Screwdrivers, Bolt-gun, Fireball-thrower,
- Laser-gun and Virus-killer.
- 6.3
- Problems
- 6.3
- There are a few slightly irritating problems and one very big problem.
- Firstly, it takes over thirty minutes to play so it isn’t the game for
- starting five minutes before work! Also, it takes over half a minute to
- start playing again after the end of one game (even more if you don’t
- know the correct <space> sequences). The one major problem with the game
- is that it is too easy. To complete all the levels it only took us a
- total of six hours playing.
- 6.3
- Conclusion
- 6.3
- The graphics and music are excellent and you can even get the tunes to
- play in the desktop. It is very addictive and the concept is good.
- Although it is rather too easy, it is reasonably good value for money.
- We would certainly recommend it to younger people but even older people
- should not brush it aside. It is probably the second best platforms game
- for the Archimedes after Chuck Rock. There have been rumours about Mad
- Professor Mariarti 2 coming out and, if it does, we won’t hesitate to
- buy it. Mad Professor Mariarti costs £19 from Archive. A
- 6.3
- Preparing Material for Archive
- 6.3
- Paul Beverley
- 6.3
- In order to speed up the preparation of the magazine, it would be
- helpful if contributors could try to follow a set of guidelines − what
- you might call the “house style” of Archive.
- 6.3
- Disc format
- 6.3
- The text you send in can be in any disc format you like: 3½“ or 5¼”, E,
- D or L format − even MSDOS if you really have to!
- 6.3
- Wordprocessor / DTP format
- 6.3
- We can cope with almost any WP/DTP format but, for preference, we would
- like Impression since that is the application we actually use when
- producing the magazine. If you do have Impression or Impression Junior,
- let us know and we will send you a sample document with the styles on
- it.
- 6.3
- House style
- 6.3
- For those of you who produce a lot of printed material, I know it’s
- difficult to change your style but, if at all possible, I would like
- people to prepare their articles for Archive with a particular “house
- style”. I’m not talking about your style of writing − your turn of
- phrase, etc − I mean the way you lay it out. A few examples will show
- you what I mean.
- 6.3
- Headings
- 6.3
- If you look at the title of this article, you will see it is in titles,
- i.e. initial capital letters for the main words. The section headings,
- however, only use an initial capital letter on the first word − except
- where the word would have a capital anyway, like “Impression” or
- “Archive”, e.g. “How to use Impression”.
- 6.3
- Indents
- 6.3
- There is no need to create indents, either with spaces or tabs. This is
- dealt with automatically by the “styles” used in Impression. Thus, if
- you have a couple of lines of program to insert in the text, as for
- example:
- 6.3
- 10 REM> WonderProg
- 6.3
- 100 PRINT “This is a load of rubbish”
- 6.3
- 110 GOTO 100
- 6.3
- What you should send in as text is just:
- 6.3
- 10 REM> WonderProg
- 6.3
- 100 PRINT “This is a load of rubbish”
- 6.3
- 110 GOTO 100
- 6.3
- I then give it styles which set the typeface and add the indent. If you
- had already given it indents by adding your own spaces, I would have to
- strip them out otherwise I would get a double indent.
- 6.3
- Tables
- 6.3
- If you have tables within the text and you lay out the data in column by
- using spaces, it can cause problems. Remember that what looks OK in
- mono-spaced type looks funny when set in a proportionally-spaced
- typeface.
- 6.3
- Thus...
- 6.3
- Brown 6.5 13.6 11.11
- 6.3
- Alliss 2.3 9.6 88.88
- 6.3
- Mummy 1.1 11.1 99.99
- 6.3
- may look OK when separated by spaces but if you put that into propor
- tionally spaced text, you get:
- 6.3
- Brown 6.5 13.6 11.11
- 6.3
- Alliss 2.3 9.6 88.88
- 6.3
- Mummy 1.1 11.1 99.99
- 6.3
- If you want to use spaces to print it out, that’s fine − I then just use
- search & replace to change multiple spaces into tabs. However, if you
- can present it using tabs, it makes my life easier.
- 6.3
- If you are using Impression and set up a table using a ruler, remember
- that the text has to fit, if possible, into a normal column width. Also,
- please don’t leave the names of any new rulers as ‘Ruler1’, ‘Ruler2’,
- etc. Use your own name or some code word, like ‘Lynch1’, ‘Lynch2’, etc.
- The reason for this is that when you paste text from one document (your
- article) into another (the magazine) if a style of the same name exists,
- it maintains the definition specified in the destination document, so
- you will lose your carefully set out tabulations.
- 6.3
- Abbreviations
- 6.3
- I try, as far as I can, to use standard abbreviations and I try to be
- consistent. Here are some I use:
- 6.3
- a.m. (with full stops)
- 6.3
- Basic (not BASIC − I’ve changed my mind on this one!)
- 6.3
- e.g. (with full stops)
- 6.3
- i.e. (with full stops)
- 6.3
- Kbytes or just Kb (not K and not k or kbytes. Yes, that’s a change to
- make it consistent with Mbytes.)
- 6.3
- Mbytes or just Mb (and not M)
- 6.3
- p.m. (with full stops)
- 6.3
- RISC-OS (not RISC OS, Risc OS, RISCOS, etc)
- 6.3
- Please refer to the computer we all know and love as an Archimedes, not
- an Arc or an Archie.
- 6.3
- Archive references
- 6.3
- When referring to articles in previous issues, the convention is to use,
- e.g. Archive 3.4 p45.
- 6.3
- Spell-checking
- 6.3
- If possible, please run a spell-checker over your text before sending it
- in. (This may seem obvious but you would be amazed at the number of
- people, even those using Impression, who don’t bother.)
- 6.3
- Other spelling conventions that I like to stick to are: program (unless
- it’s a TV programme), iconbar, filetype and drawfile.
- 6.3
- Dashes and hyphens
- 6.3
- A hyphen is the character on the keyboard between the zero and the
- equals sign and is the thing used in hyphenated words − e.g. RISC-OS −
- whereas dashes are produced as <alt-153> or from the !Chars application
- and are used for separating bits of text − as used earlier in this
- sentence. On !Chars, (in Trinity, anyway) it’s the third of the dash-
- like characters − under the letter y. If you are using system font then
- it’s the underlined d, again under the y. In Impression, you can use
- <ctrl-shift-hyphen>.
- 6.3
- To save all this hassle, all you need to do is to use a double hyphen
- where you want a dash.
- 6.3
- Describing keyboard actions
- 6.3
- The conventions we use in Archive magazine to represent keyboard and
- mouse actions are best illustrated by a bit of meaningless sample text:
- 6.3
- If you want to press the return key (no angle brackets on return) or one
- of the other keys I would tell you to press <return>, or to press <N>,
- <Y> or <?>. To start up, press <shift-break> and use <ctrl-shift-f5>
- (use f5, not F5) or double-click on the icon (<select> is assumed if you
- don’t mention which mouse button) but click <adjust> (not “the right
- hand button”) if you want to add something to the selection. In
- PipeDream we have control sequences like <ctrl-BSE> for searching which
- actually means pressing <ctrl-B> and then <S> and then <E> while holding
- down <ctrl>. For convenience, we put them all together in one set of
- angle brackets.
- 6.3
- Comments on English style
- 6.3
- One of the common errors that I have to correct is that you should never
- use a preposition to end a sentence with. And you should never start a
- sentence with a conjunction like “and” or “but”. But people do! However,
- it is OK to use “however” to start a sentence. Also, you can use “also”
- to start a sentence.
- 6.3
- As a general rule, writers tend to make their paragraphs too long. It
- makes the text easier to read if it is broken up into smaller logical
- units. Also, it is good to use (short) titles at regular intervals to
- make the structure of the article easier to appreciate. This is helpful
- for busy people who haven’t time to read every word of every article and
- just want to find the bit of a review that declares itself to be the
- “Conclusion”.
- 6.3
- Writing reviews
- 6.3
- If you are writing a review, it is important to think yourself into the
- position of the person reading the review who has never heard of the
- product. If they are thinking of buying a copy, they need to know, at
- the very least, what the item is, how much it costs and who the supplier
- is. It is also useful if you can mentioned the version number of the
- software under test so that people can see whether it is the current
- version that was being tested or an earlier version. A
- 6.3
- Turbo Drivers and the BJ10ex
- 6.3
- Alan Murdey
- 6.3
- When I saw the initial advertising campaign, back in June, I realised
- that this is what I was looking for. I have had my Archimedes computer
- for over a year and had managed to carry on RISC-OS printing with my old
- Epson FX80, but the time had come to upgrade my printer. I had experi
- ence of using LaserDirect HiRes at work but knew that I could not
- justify the cost of a laser printer for use at home.
- 6.3
- I had heard about the Canon bubble jet printers − the BJ10ex won “Best
- Printer” in the Computer Shopper awards, and the TurboDrivers sounded
- like a useful tool to speed up printing. Unfortunately, the product was
- not available at the time of the first adverts − Computer Concepts were
- apparently having problems with the software, and the release date was
- put back several times.
- 6.3
- I received a demo page from Computer Concepts, which was simply stunning
- − it really was as good as laser quality. To convince myself, I had to
- wet my finger and drag it across a corner of the page to prove that it
- was printed with ink and not laser toner!
- 6.3
- Finally, I brought my BJ10ex with cut-sheet feeder and TurboDriver. The
- BJ10ex and cut sheet feeder came with their normal multi-language
- instruction books, and the printer was soon set up, and ready to go.
- 6.3
- Now to the TurboDriver. In the box comes the TurboDriver software
- (V2.07) on one disk, an A5 instruction manual, a !Fonts disc containing
- Corpus, Trinity and Homerton font families, and a 1.8m printer cable.
- 6.3
- Installation of the software is simple. It is recommended that the
- software is transferred and run from a hard disc. Once !BJ10e is on the
- iconbar, printing is easy and quick. A print queue is held in the !BJ10e
- application directory on the hard disc, so the once the program has
- created a printfile in the queue, the printing continues in the
- background freeing up control of the machine to allow further work to
- continue. Clicking <select> over the !BJ10e icon produces the status
- window:
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- Once desktop control has been handed back, this window will display the
- size of the buffer. Clicking on Flush will stop printing, clear the
- buffer and eject the paper being printed. A second click stops the paper
- being ejected.
- 6.3
- Background printing can be performed by using the TurboDriver to create
- a Printfile which can then be dragged onto the printer icon. I think
- that printing directly is just as quick.
- 6.3
- !BJ10e will look very familiar to anyone who has used LaserDirect. The
- dialogue boxes are very similar and offer the same facilities.
- 6.3
- Useful features, again from LaserDirect, include a warning if the
- printer is unable to receive data, because it could be off line or out
- of paper. In RISC-OS3, you will be informed if the printer is switched
- off or out of paper.
- 6.3
- Text files can be printed by dragging them onto the printer icon. These
- files are printed out in the font chosen in the Preferences dialogue box
- which is called up by clicking <select> over the printer icon.
- 6.3
- Preferences can be changed just for one session or saved permanently as
- default settings for the next time !BJ10e is loaded.
- 6.3
- I have not done any comprehensive tests but I printed a simple business
- letter on my ARM2 machine. It was a PipeDream file with a graphic file
- as a header, and it took only 30 seconds before control of the desktop
- was handed back. Then, having created a queue of 142Kb, it took a
- further 120 seconds to complete printing.
- 6.3
- TurboDrivers will not work with the Star SJ48. Although it appears
- similar to the Canon BJ10, it does not have the compatibility with Canon
- BJ130e, which TurboDrivers use. Computer Concepts have included a
- hardware protection, as the TurboDriver software will only work with the
- special cable provided, due to the way that the data is passed to the
- printer.
- 6.3
- A problem with bubble jet printing is that the paper is sprayed with
- tiny droplets of ink that must dry. My experience is that the ink dries
- very quickly with text, but blocks of blacks and greys in graphics take
- some time to dry. It may be possible to see that the paper is wet when
- it emerges from the printer. Once the ink has dried, it can only be
- smudged by a wet finger, not just by normal handling, e.g. folding over
- a letter before placing it in an envelope.
- 6.3
- Choice of paper is important because some papers will deal with the ink
- better than others. So far, I have found that reasonable quality 80gsm
- copier paper gives good results. Some papers allow the ink to bleed into
- adjacent fibres, giving the printed page an untidy appearance. Other
- people I have spoken to suggest the cheapest copier paper is best.
- 6.3
- The Driver will not print rotated text under RISC-OS3, so some users
- will be disappointed by this. However, I gather that this can be worked
- around by use of FontDraw, supplied with Impression or DrawPlus.
- Hopefully, Computer Concepts are working to produce a fully RISC-OS3
- compatible driver. Also, they have yet to complete the RAM printing
- option, where the print queue is held in RAM. This is only recommended
- for users with 4Mb of RAM, with at least 1024Kb of free memory. This
- option can be used now by changing the default directory for the Print
- Queue to the RAM filing system.
- 6.3
- It is possible to spot the difference between the output of the
- bubblejet printer and a laser printer, but if you want laser quality at
- less than a third of the price of laser printer, then have a look at
- TurboDrivers and the BJ10ex. Also they could make a perfect portable
- printing option, if you have an Acorn A4 − all you need is a battery-
- pack costing £46 through Archive.
- 6.3
- In conclusion, I think that I have moved from the slow lane to the fast
- lane of printing using my BJ10ex and TurboDrivers. I no longer have time
- to go away and make a cuppa, while my old dot matrix printer slowly
- churns away at RISC-OS printing. Congratulations to Computer Concepts
- for another excellent product. A
- 6.3
- PipeLine
- 6.3
- Gerald Fitton
- 6.3
- Next year Easter Sunday will fall on 11th April. In the year 2000, it
- will be on the 23rd April and the 16th April 1066 was an Easter Sunday!
- How do I know − I have a custom function which tells me so.
- 6.3
- I want to spend some time this month making a few comments about using
- RISC-OS 3 printing from PipeDream (hereinafter called ‘Pd’ because the
- abbreviation ‘PD’ has other connotations. Ed) but first a few words
- about Wordz, Colton Software’s new word processor, and then something
- about Easter.
- 6.3
- Wordz
- 6.3
- Colton Software intend to release Wordz early in 1993 (probably in
- January 1993) at a price of “less than £100”. I have been assured that
- registered users of Pd (3 or 4) will be offered a discount on the list
- price so, if you think that you just might buy it, make sure you are
- registered with Colton Software. You don’t need a registration form to
- register. Just send them a note quoting your name, address, registration
- number and, if you can remember it, where you bought it! At the same
- time, ask to be put on their list for the “Special launch offer” of
- Wordz. If you are a subscriber to PipeLine then mention that too. There
- is no obligation to buy, so you might as well get your name on the list.
- 6.3
- Published features
- 6.3
- The handout I have from Colton Software includes the following comments.
- Wordz contains all the usual features of a word processor such as
- WYSIWYG outline fonts, cut and paste, search and replace and user
- dictionaries. In addition, it contains many Impression-like features
- such as styles and effects, rulers, a variety of tabs (left, right and
- centre align) and margins and multi-column layout but without the frames
- of Impression. Wordz will accept files in Pd format (and many other
- formats).
- 6.3
- Wordz will accept graphics files. These are embedded in the text and so
- move with it as the file is edited. Tables can be constructed in Wordz
- or imported from Pd. Different styles (including column boundaries) can
- be applied to different parts of the same table.
- 6.3
- I quote: “Wordz is the first of a family of applications . . . . all
- family members have live data linking”. My interpretation of this
- statement is that there is more to come − but I wonder what?
- 6.3
- Wordz does not come with any fonts because it is assumed that you will
- have outline fonts either from another application or bought as a
- starter pack. Note that a font manager and a starter set of outline
- fonts, printer drivers, etc are supplied with RISC-OS 3.
- 6.3
- The handout says that background RISC-OS printing will be included. If
- it is, this will save a lot of time.
- 6.3
- My experience
- 6.3
- I have what is described as an “alpha release” version of Wordz. As a
- word processor, it is nearer to Impression than Pd. It is totally
- WYSIWYG with regard to text sizes, page layout, graphics, etc. I am
- pleased to be able to dispense with the frames of Impression, place text
- and graphics anywhere and drag the borders of the object around
- afterwards.
- 6.3
- For example, when I want to change the margin of a block of text, I just
- mark the block (by dragging) and then drag the margin. The block of text
- reformats immediately. If I want to change the font in any way such as
- Homerton to Trinity, or change to bold or italic, then I just mark the
- block and select the font (or attribute) from a menu.
- 6.3
- The size of the paper (where the edges are) is shown on screen. One of
- the reasons I often used Impression rather than Pd was because, with Pd,
- I wasn’t sure where the edges of the paper were.
- 6.3
- One of the things I’ve not liked about Impression for letters is that
- the graphic of my letter heading is saved in every Impression document.
- Impression documents use up a lot of disc space. In the past, for
- letters, I’ve used Pd and put my letter heading (12Kb) in my
- !PipeDream.Library directory. The main reason is that I can get more
- letters on a floppy disc that way. I’ve already started using Wordz
- because one copy of an often used graphic can be kept in a Library
- (defined as being on a Path) or on my Letters floppy and used for all
- letters, fliers and mail shots.
- 6.3
- When it comes to defining styles or adding effects, Wordz wins hands
- down over Impression for speed and flexibility. Mind you, the reason I
- like it is that, in Wordz, it’s all done with the mouse on the screen −
- you see it happening as you do it rather than using the textual
- interface of Impression. I know (because you’ve told me so) that some of
- you prefer not to use the mouse. If so, you may prefer defining styles
- in Impression.
- 6.3
- Laying out tabulated data in Wordz is much easier than having to play
- with rulers (and styles) in Impression. If you switch on the Wordz grid
- (you can switch it on just for the part of the tabulated data you are
- reorganising) you can drag the borders of individual cells left and
- right or up and down until the data fits the space available in the best
- possible way. In Impression, I would have had to define a multitude of
- different styles (or rulers) and there’s always the problem that
- something somewhere else might move when I didn’t want it to. With Wordz
- I can happily lose track of how many different rulers I have had to use
- to ‘fit’ a difficult table into a tight space.
- 6.3
- The future
- 6.3
- Information about Wordz is scarce, so I can’t be sure exactly what it
- will do when it’s released. However, from what I’ve seen and from my use
- of the “alpha release” version, I like it better than Impression...
- 6.3
- (a) because it gets away from frames − it uses the whole page
- 6.3
- (b) because the effects are much easier to apply − with the mouse
- 6.3
- (c) because it doesn’t gobble up disc space
- 6.3
- (d) because I can see what’s happening on screen as I use the mouse
- 6.3
- I am sure that spreadsheets and charts created in Pd and loaded into
- Wordz will be hot linked. This means that I will be able to use Pd files
- (including custom functions, charts, etc) as dependent documents of a
- Wordz document. Having created the structure of my application (i.e. a
- Wordz document supported by Pd tables and charts), I will be able to
- print from the Wordz document with the assurance that comes from seeing
- the layout of the page (including the borders) on the screen while still
- being able to modify it through the hot linked Pd spreadsheets and
- charts.
- 6.3
- One problem that I have with software is coming to terms with the idea
- that my favourite package begins to look dated just as soon as I begin
- to feel that I’ve mastered it. Do I stick with Pd, Impression and
- DrawPlus or do I get something new and have to go through the painful
- and time consuming process of learning how to use it?
- 6.3
- I’m glad I changed from Wordwise to Pd and from Acorn’s DTP to Impres
- sion. If Wordz fulfils its promise, I think I’m going to change from
- using Impression to using Wordz as the document from which I print − but
- it’s too soon for me to be sure yet. If I do decide to go for Wordz, one
- thing which I must be able to do is to port across my old Impression
- documents into Wordz without having to do too much work on them
- afterwards.
- 6.3
- Let me know if you have any specific questions you want answered about
- Wordz, particularly if it is to do with the Pd − Wordz link and I’ll see
- what I can do.
- 6.3
- Easter
- 6.3
- Writing custom functions is fun! Don’t get me wrong, I know that word
- processing is the most ‘popular’ use of modern PC systems (and, having
- used one, I wouldn’t like to be without it) but, let’s face it, WP
- systems need a lot of data input, do relatively little ‘processing’ and
- produce a fairly predictable output. Now, with a ‘Day of the Week’
- program you can find out if you are “Full of Grace” (Tuesday’s child) or
- whether you have “Far to Go” (Thursday’s child). Much more exciting!
- Why? I believe that custom functions are more exiting to use than WP
- packages because the ratio of processing (by the system) to data input
- (by you) is much higher and because the output is less predictable!
- 6.3
- Finding the date of Easter Sunday has a rather more intricate algorithm;
- I believe it is the first Sunday after the first full moon after the
- Spring Equinox and it ultimately bears some relationship (via the Jewish
- feast of the Passover) to the date of the tenth Plague of Egypt (see
- Exodus for further details). Traditionally (manually) the date of Easter
- is calculated using, as intermediate variables a Golden Number, a Sunday
- Letter and an Epoch, all with appropriate look-up tables.
- 6.3
- In older records of the birth, marriage or death of individuals or in
- the records of important events, the dates are often related to the
- nearest ‘movable feast’; the dates of all these ‘movable feasts’ can be
- found once you know the date of Easter. For example, in the year that
- Columbus sailed off to America, 1492, Easter Sunday was on the
- 22nd April. If you are a genealogist or historian, knowing the date of
- Easter can be important. If it is important to you (or someone you know)
- then using a custom function to find the date of Easter can be fun! Why?
- Because, generally, it would take too long to calculate the result
- manually and you would be left wondering if the result was reliable.
- 6.3
- On the Archive monthly disc is my attempt to write a custom function for
- finding Easter Sunday for any year from about 5AD onwards. I have had
- helpful advice from over a dozen people and I expect more advice to
- come. However, I must single out for special mention Brian Edwards,
- Nigel Kinsella and Danny Fagandini. The algorithm is not as elegant as I
- would like − but it works. As written, it assumes the Julian calendar
- until 1582 and the Gregorian calendar thereafter (but the year can be
- changed by amending one line of the custom function). In the UK, we
- changed from Julian to Gregorian in 1752 by leaving out 11 days between
- the 2nd and 14th September (i.e. the 2nd September 1752 was followed by
- the 14th September 1752) so, between 1582 and 1752 my algorithm doesn’t
- apply to the UK! If you have any comment or contribution to make as to
- whether Easter was celebrated simultaneously on the continent and in the
- UK between 1582 and 1752, I shall be most pleased to hear from you.
- 6.3
- I had thought of including the custom function as text this month but I
- have decided to wait until those of you who take the monthly Archive
- disc have written back to me with improvements!
- 6.3
- RISC-OS 3 printing
- 6.3
- Now, let me turn to RISC-OS printing. Pd uses RISC-OS printer drivers in
- a slightly different way from many other packages. For example, if you
- RISC-OS print a Landscape page from Paint, Draw or Impression, all
- calculations about where to print are based on an origin at the bottom
- left of the ‘page’. Pd uses the top left of the page as its origin.
- 6.3
- Of course, provided that you have the ‘correct’ page length and margins,
- it doesn’t matter whether you use the bottom left or the top left as
- your origin but, if you have either the margin or the page length
- slightly wrong, you might be hard pressed to discover how to put it
- right! On this subject, many page printers ‘stretch’ the paper slightly
- as it passes through the rollers so that the paper is about 0.5% larger
- than your printer thinks it is!
- 6.3
- My advice about setting up your printer driver is to do so in Draw
- rather than in Pd since, if you get that right, you will probably be OK
- for Impression, Wordz and Pd. On the Archive monthly disc is a file in
- Draw format called [Rectangle] to print out from Draw.
- 6.3
- You will need to copy onto your ‘Printers’ disc (or your hard disc if
- that is what you use) a directory called !Printers, another called
- !PrintEdit and a printer definition file for your printer − mine is
- called [LasJet-II] so, where I write ‘LasJet-II’ you will have to
- substitute your own printer definition. Make sure that RISC-OS is
- recognising these copies of your applications (and not the originals) by
- double clicking on !Printers and on !PrintEdit.
- 6.3
- If the version of !Printers which appears on the iconbar says LasJet-II
- (instead of !Printers), click <menu> over the icon and click <select> on
- printer control. When the printer control menu appears, click <menu> on
- it and remove your printer definition.
- 6.3
- Double click on the file [LasJet-II] and a printer definition editor
- window will open. The fifth row is the paper x-offset and the sixth row
- is the paper y-offset. You may have to fine tune these as I describe
- below but, for now, just a word of warning; strange things happen if you
- make them zero or very much different from the paper size graphic
- margins (see below). To save an amended printer definition, click <menu>
- over the printer definition editor window and run the pointer through
- save followed by clicking <select> on the OK box.
- 6.3
- Having saved an amended printer definition, you have to load it into the
- printer control window (see above) by dragging the [LasJet-II] file into
- the printer control window. Note that your printer will not use the new
- paper x-offset and paper y-offset unless you remove the printer
- definition from the printer control window and load (by dragging) the
- amended version saved from the printer definition editor window! I don’t
- think it is easy to get the sequence of ‘actions’ right first time and
- there is little indication of the values of the offsets you are using!
- 6.3
- The paper size window is accessed by clicking <menu> over the installed
- (on the iconbar) !Printers icon and clicking on Edit paper sizes. When
- the paper size window opens, click on the right arrow just to the right
- of the dialogue box at the end of the first row (called paper size
- name). Select a suitable paper size such as A4 (Generic DP). You can set
- the top, bottom, left and right graphics margins from the paper size
- menu. Remember to click on the OK box.
- 6.3
- Your amended graphics margins will not be saved to disc until you save
- choices from the !Printers icon (use <menu> over the !Printers icon to
- find Save choices). The default paper size and its graphics margins are
- completely independent of the paper x-offset and paper y-offset referred
- to above! The paper size and graphics margins apply to all printer
- definitions that you may load (by dragging) into the printer control
- window.
- 6.3
- Another word of warning. Do not set the graphics margins to zero or
- unpredictable things will happen!
- 6.3
- What I have found in Draw is that as I increase the graphics top margin
- my [Rectangle] file is printed lower down the page. As I increase my
- paper y-offset the [Rectangle] file is printed further up the page. The
- ‘correct’ setting is such that the [Rectangle] is printed on the
- (physical) page at the coordinates shown on the screen in Draw and that
- the graphics top margin and the paper y-offset are about equal and both
- (approximately) equal to the physical ‘margin’ at the top of the paper
- where the printer will not print.
- 6.3
- One problem I had initially is that, if the paper y-offset is larger
- than the graphics top margin, the ‘extra’ push upwards that I wanted
- didn’t happen. I discovered that by slightly shortening the page (from
- 297 mm to 295 mm) in the paper size window and reducing the graphics
- bottom margin to compensate, I could achieve a slight upward reposition
- ing of the printed [Rectangle]. This artificial shortening of the
- (logical) page also stopped my printer feeding out an unwanted page from
- Impression.
- 6.3
- I was fortunate with my graphics left and right margins in that I set
- both of them and my paper x-offset (all three) to 5 mm and my
- [Rectangle] file printed on the paper exactly where it appeared on the
- Draw screen, so I am not sure about the inter-relationship between these
- three parameters. However, there is no doubt from a quick test that both
- the graphics left margin and the paper x-offset have independent
- effects!
- 6.3
- Now to Pd. My tests show that if you get the [Rectangle] file printing
- correctly in Draw, Pd will print out (using the RISC-OS 3 drivers) where
- you think it should! By this I mean that if you use a zero Pd top margin
- and a zero Pd left margin (use the <Ctrl PY> command to open the window
- for making these settings) then a graphic which is placed in slot A1
- will print with its left top point at the paper x-offset and paper y-
- offset position. I think that Pd does not make use of the paper size
- graphic margin settings but only the paper offset values.
- 6.3
- In conclusion
- 6.3
- I don’t know about you but I found setting up the RISC-OS 3 printer
- definitions and paper size very difficult. I have received more requests
- for help on this topic than I have received for a long time! I’m still
- not sure that I’m doing everything the ‘right’ way. I keep thinking that
- it ought to be a lot simpler than it is. If you have anything to
- contribute to this discussion, I shall be most grateful if you will
- write to me at the Abacus Training address which is on the inside back
- cover of Archive. A
- 6.3
- Bestform − DTP Formulae Editor
- 6.3
- Lothar Böhler
- 6.3
- Bestform is a fully RISC-OS compliant editor for mathematical formulae
- which costs £49 (+VAT) from Klein-Computer in Ruesselsheim, Germany.
- 6.3
- How to use it
- 6.3
- Like every RISC-OS application, Bestform is started by double-clicking
- on the icon in the filer window. It then puts an icon on the iconbar
- which, when clicked, opens one (or several) windows. The window shows
- the usual red caret at which your typed text will appear. When the text
- becomes too large to fit in the window, it will be enlarged (quite
- usual). By clicking <select>, you can position the caret, by clicking or
- dragging <adjust>, or dragging <select>, you can mark a block − still
- usual, except that sometimes some experience is needed to select exactly
- the desired block. Furthermore, you can select a block, i.e. a sub-
- formula, by double- or triple-clicking on one of its components. As may
- be familiar from Edit and the new Draw of RISC-OS 3, the marked block
- can be deleted (with <ctrl-X> or by choosing the related Menu entry), or
- copied (<ctrl-C>) or moved (<ctrl-V>) to the caret position. You can
- even copy or move between different windows, save the selected block or
- load a file at the caret position. This is a great advantage over most
- other programs that use their own system of move/copy/delete − one has
- to learn anew − and many are not as elegant or powerful.
- 6.3
- There is another unusual thing. With each of function keys F1 to F4, one
- of four different fonts can be selected. As default these are Trinity
- and Mathgreek, each in plain or italics. You can set it up to choose
- four different fonts, if you wish.
- 6.3
- Creating formulae
- 6.3
- The most important parts of a formula are the easiest to create in
- Bestform − indices and exponents. Just press cursor-down and the caret
- is in the index-position or cursor-up for exponents. With page-down/up
- you can toggle between these positions and even ‘walk’ around the
- variable or sub-formula to enter a front index or a front exponent. To
- get the caret back to the original position, just press cursor-right.
- 6.3
- Other structures are available from several pop-up windows, which are
- either opened by choosing the relevant menu entry or by pressing the
- correct function key. You can either first choose the structure and then
- fill in the components or select a block and then choose a structure. In
- the latter case, the selected block will be used as one component. Any
- structure can be removed anywhere by selecting the smallest block that
- contains the structure and choosing ‘DEL’ from the relevant pop-up
- window.
- 6.3
- What structures are available?
- 6.3
- There are a lot of structures available, arranged in four groups:
- brackets, big operators, structures and attributes. Each group has a
- pop-up window which can be opened with a function key (F5 − F8). There
- are ten brackets and a special type which allows combinations of the
- other ten brackets for the left and the right side. (See example below.)
- By choosing no bracket for one side, you can get single brackets.
- 6.3
- Among the big operators are: sum, integral, circle integral and product
- operator − each available either with limits above and below or limits
- as subscript/superscript. Also, there are root and/or union, intersec
- tion and other big operators − a total of seventeen.
- 6.3
- The pop-up window “structures” contains three types of fraction (normal,
- double, slanting), over- and underwrite, over- and underbrace and
- matrices (!). Over- and underwrite are very useful e.g. in equations,
- you may overwrite the equal sign with a short comment. Parts of a larger
- formula can be commented very pleasantly by using the overbrace
- facility. The matrices are perhaps the most powerful feature of Bestform
- (and the most painfully lacking facility in Equasor). Conceptually, a
- matrix in Bestform is just a rectangular structure of up to 9 by 9 sub-
- formulae. You can use matrices for nearly everything: normal matrices
- (enclosing them in brackets), determinants, vectors (when using 1-by-n
- matrices), equation systems (using 3-by-n matrices), case distinctions,
- etc. There is a built-in matrix editor for deleting, inserting, copying,
- moving and formatting rows and columns.
- 6.3
- As ‘attributes’ there are: back and forward arrow, tilde, point, double
- point, accent, and under- and overline. All attributes can span a whole
- sub-formula. Except for the point attributes, they are all enlarged
- automatically to the length of the sub-formula.
- 6.3
- What about additional characters?
- 6.3
- There are 36 arrows, 23 comparisons, 17 sets, 19 operators and 26
- special signs. These are not part of an outline font but are defined as
- draw objects (as well as the big operators and structures already
- mentioned). This has the disadvantage that, on the screen, they are not
- plotted with anti-aliasing. However, there are several advantages: they
- do not need any font cache; you can easily add your own signs by
- defining them with Draw; and they are drawn much faster because it is
- not necessary to calculate a bitmap. This is especially noticeable when
- a sign or operator is needed in a new size (e.g. because you have
- entered a big operator in the index). With Equasor, it is very likely
- that you will see the hourglass for several seconds, but this never
- happens with Bestform.
- 6.3
- Finally, there is another window for entering Greek letters. (A Greek
- outline font is included with Bestform.)
- 6.3
- Additional features
- 6.3
- Version 1.1, which I possess, supports printing. Unfortunately, it does
- not work with the new RISC-OS 3 printer drivers. An attempt to print
- caused a total system crash (error message: “font handle out of range”)
- which was not even recoverable with Quitter (a utility which kills the
- current task when it hangs) and destroyed my first version of this text
- − what a shame! (So you can see how much this program impressed me, as I
- wrote this review all over again). With the old printer driver, printing
- seems to work perfectly well.
- 6.3
- In a special window, you can choose the four fonts which are accessible
- through F1−F4 and the size of the normal text, the index text and the
- second index text. The third and further indices have the same size as
- the second.
- 6.3
- Bestform has no special filetype. It always saves its files as draw
- files. To be able to reload and reconstruct the formula from the
- drawfile, it saves it together with so-called tags. So you can save the
- formula directly (RAM-to-RAM) to other programs, e.g. Draw or Impression
- and back again! Unfortunately, some programs do not cope with tags
- (shame on them − they are defined and explicitly allowed by Acorn) so
- Bestform also supports saving without tags.
- 6.3
- Comparison with Equasor
- 6.3
- Bestform is a very powerful formulae editor with all the features one
- needs (I guess) when editing a formula. I think this program is a reason
- to forget TeX and Equasor. It is much easier to use than the former and
- much more powerful than the latter. As Bestform is quite similar to
- Equasor, I will compare these two but note that I only possess Bestform
- and not Equasor, which I only know from some demonstrations. So, if I
- should make incorrect comparisons, please do not blame me too much. (I
- have asked Brian Cowan to comment from his knowledge of Equasor − see
- below. Ed.)
- 6.3
- Of course, not everything is perfect with Bestform. For example, I am
- not quite sure how systems of equations should be entered. You must
- create a matrix, which has then to be formatted: left column right
- justified, mid column centered, right column left justified. This is a
- bit annoying but you can create an empty matrix with the correct
- formation, save it and use it again and again. One possible problem is
- that it cannot create matrices larger than 9 by 9. If you need larger
- equation systems, you must either create a matrix of matrices, or split
- the system into several parts which are then rearranged in Draw or
- whatever DTP program you use. So, the method used by Equasor seems to be
- more straight-forward but, on the other hand, with Bestform’s method you
- can be sure that your equation system is always perfectly formatted and
- that rows do not overlap − no matter what heights the different rows
- have.
- 6.3
- I was really disappointed with Equasor as far as speed is concerned.
- Entering a sign or operator in a new size, deleting rows and displaying
- the Greek font window usually activate the hourglass whereas, with
- Bestform, all these things happen immediately. (Could the Equasor demo
- have been done with too small a font cache? Brian seems to think
- Bestform is slow − see below. Ed.) This is because Bestform does not use
- fonts for its signs and operators but draw objects and sprites − the
- latter only in the pop up windows of course, not for displaying or
- printing formulae! On the other hand Bestform always redraws the whole
- window when something is entered. This is not very pleasant, if you have
- typed in a large equation system, because redrawing is not very fast
- (unless you have an ARM 3).
- 6.3
- Another disadvantage of this system is that the operators, signs, etc
- are less pretty and easy to read because they do not gain from the anti-
- aliasing of the font manager. Everybody should decide for himself how
- important this is − for printing, anti-aliasing is not used anyway.
- 6.3
- Equasor supports four or five different sizes of indices whereas
- Bestform supports only three, but is it sensible to make the indices of
- third and fourth degree smaller and smaller?
- 6.3
- Bestform unfortunately crashes on some occasions. How often does Equasor
- crash? I do not know because I have no real experience with it.
- 6.3
- With Bestform, you cannot create several independent formulae in one
- window and position them. Also, printing does not work with RISC-OS 3
- printer drivers but these are not real disadvantages because it is most
- likely that you will export the formula to a DTP program where you can
- arrange and print as you wish. Here Bestform has the advantage that
- there is no need to save the formula separately for further editing −
- you can reload the formula as a drawfile directly from the DTP program
- (if it supports this feature).
- 6.3
- Furthermore Bestform is much easier to use, especially in the case of
- creating indices or exponents.
- 6.3
- Finally, Bestform beats Equasor in terms of the range of facilities
- available: attributes spanning whole sub-formulae, under-/over-brace,
- arrows which can easily be connected, vectors, matrices and case
- distinctions. I have seen an advert for Bestform with at least a dozen
- (sensible) formulae of which Equasor could only create one!
- 6.3
- Conclusion
- 6.3
- Though Bestform is not perfect (what program is?) it is, in my opinion,
- the best for editing formulae (not only on the Archimedes either). It
- has a lot of facilities, is fast enough for convenient working, is very
- easy to use and is the same price as Equasor. A
- 6.3
- Brian Cowan adds: I think that Lothar Böhler’s review of BestForm is
- very fair. I agree with most of the points he makes. However, having
- tried an earlier version of BestForm (version 1.0) I found many problems
- with it and I returned to using Equasor. I will not detail these
- problems as it is likely that most have been rectified in version 1.1.
- Assuming this is so, then BestForm will have the edge on Equasor and I
- might well be changing in the future.
- 6.3
- While BestForm follows the conventions of Draw and Edit for dealing with
- selected objects, Equasor follows the conventions of Impression. Thus
- Equasor is more intuitive for Impression users. With Equasor, the
- characters from other fonts are not entered from the keyboard but by
- mouse with a “symbol picker” like !Chars. You can have many more than
- four fonts, which is useful. This is a serious drawback of BestForm.
- 6.3
- The treatment of subscripts and superscripts is different for BestForm
- and Equasor. As Lothar explained, with BestForm, you simply move the
- cursor up or down but, with Equasor, you must select a region to which
- the subscript or superscript is to be applied. This is slightly more
- inconvenient but the result can look better.
- 6.3
- Equasor has its own filetype and objects can be saved either as Equasor
- files or as drawfiles. The Equasor file is essentially the drawfile
- together with tags (rather like BestForm files). Programs such as
- Impression accept Equasor files but since, as Lothar mentions, some
- programs do not like drawfiles with tags, the bare drawfile format is
- then useful.
- 6.3
- The real area where BestForm wins is in the range of structures
- available. In particular, the lack of matrices in Equasor is a serious
- omission. I generally produce matrices by creating parts in Equasor,
- saving them as draw objects and then combining them using Draw but this
- is rather tedious.
- 6.3
- I found BestForm to be slower than Equasor in use. I was particularly
- annoyed by BestForm re-drawing the window after each character is
- entered. I also had BestForm crash my machine from time to time.
- However, Equasor also occasionally crashes but it never hangs the
- computer; it just kills itself. I have certainly found Equasor to be
- much more reliable.
- 6.3
- Equasor allows for many equations on one page. This can be useful if you
- want a number of equations bracketed together on a page but it can also
- be useful for another reason. In Impression, each graphic frame, such as
- an equation, is stored as a separate file. However, there is a limita
- tion on the number of files which may be stored in a directory. I once
- lost an entire document by exceeding this quota. A solution recommended
- by Computer Concepts is to have all equations in one large file and then
- to open up different windows on different parts of the page. You
- certainly can’t do that with BestForm.
- 6.3
- I was hoping that a new version of Equasor would be appearing, rectify
- ing the various omissions; that now seems unlikely. For anyone who
- already has a DTP package and who wishes to use it for scientific or
- mathematical work, I think Bestform is the natural choice. The file
- number limitation can be overcome either by splitting a document into
- smaller parts or by using one of the disc compression systems where all
- files are stored in a single archive file; the number of files in such a
- compressed “directory” has no limit. A
- 6.3
- Princeton High Resolution Monitor
- 6.3
- Andrew Ferguson
- 6.3
- I have owned an A3000 and a Phillips CM8833 colour monitor for the last
- three years. The CM8833 is a good monitor but it does not allow you to
- take full advantage of large desktop screen modes on the Archimedes. In
- order to use these screen modes, you really need to have a ‘better’
- monitor.
- 6.3
- The Archimedes can be used with four different types of monitors,
- standard, multiscan, SVGA and high resolution (monochrome). The User
- Guide shows a list of screen modes (Appendix D in my manual) and the
- monitor types that support them. A multiscan monitor offers the largest
- choice of screen modes but the same modes are available on a Super VGA
- (SVGA) monitor if you use the Watford SVGA VIDC Enhancer.
- 6.3
- I recently purchased a Princeton Ultra 1400 monitor for the sum of £245
- including VAT, (I believe that this is by far the cheapest SVGA /
- multiscan monitor on the market). The monitor’s specifications are as
- follows:
- 6.3
- Tube 14 inches diagonal, 0·28 dot pitch, black matrix tube
- 6.3
- Video bandwidth 45 MHz
- 6.3
- Resolution Horizontal: 1024 dots, Vertical: 768 (SVGA)
- 6.3
- Sync Signals TTL positive or negative, composite or separate
- 6.3
- Synchronization Horizontal 15 − 36.5 kHz autosynchronous
- 6.3
- Vertical 45 − 120 Hz autosynchronous
- 6.3
- The monitor has a 15 pin VGA connector on the rear and was supplied with
- cables for an IBM PC Compatible and a Commodore Amiga. The PC cable
- supplied is a 15 pin male to female VGA cable and a 9 pin to 15 pin
- adapter cable. Do not fall into the trap of using the supplied PC 9 pin
- cable adapter, as the PC VGA ports are not pin compatible with the
- Archimedes. Having said this, the supplied 15 pin cable should work on
- the A5000 and the A4, as the RGB port is the same as on a PC. Watford
- Electronics can supply a 9 pin to 15 pin adapter cable for the Archi
- medes for £15. (Or £12 through Archive!)
- 6.3
- The monitor has a very sharp picture and has all the picture control
- buttons on the front of the monitor. The controls allow you to change
- the vertical and horizontal position / size. It also allows you to
- change the brightness / contrast and text colour (which can be useful
- with the PC Emulator).
- 6.3
- Without a VIDC adaptor you can use the monitor with the built in VGA and
- multiscan modes. However, for serious use you need a VIDC enhancer (I
- bought the SVGA VIDC Enhancer, but the Princeton may work with an
- ordinary MultiSync VIDC adapter).
- 6.3
- A VIDC enhancer is a small card that speeds up the clock speed of the
- VIDC. The SVGA card provides additional oscillators of 25.175MHz and
- 36MHz to give faster line rates. As the VIDC is working at a higher
- clock rate, it can manage ‘larger’ screen modes i.e. Mode 102 (1152×480
- at 16 colours), compared with Mode 12 (640×256). As you can see, these
- screen modes are much larger and take more processor bandwidth to
- refresh. In practice, this means that if you do not have an ARM3
- machine, the large modes may be too slow to use.
- 6.3
- The VIDC comes with a disc of utility programs, a small daughter board
- for the computer and comprehensive instructions.
- 6.3
- On the A3000 installation is straight forward. The case has to be opened
- and the keyboard and floppy disc drive removed. The daughter board is
- fitted onto links LK28 and LK29 and two probes are connected to the
- external expansion connector. The only problem that I experienced was
- with the power connection. You have to unplug the red power spade and
- connect to the motherboard as in the diagram.
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- As you can see from the picture the original Power Lead connects at a
- 45° angle and, if like me, you have a Serial Port sampler/midi card
- attached to the Econet socket you will have problems. Watford have
- suggested that I bend the original connector so that it fits under the
- sampler/midi card. I haven’t tried this yet as it could obviously break
- the power connector.
- 6.3
- If you do not feel confident to attempt the installation, the manual
- suggests that your local Acorn dealer, or Watford Electronics, can fit
- the board for you. There will be a small charge for this service.
- 6.3
- Once it is fitted, you can turn on the machine and if you fitted
- everything correctly, the desktop should appear as before. In order to
- use the new modes and facilities of the VIDC Enhancer, you need to use
- the supplied software.
- 6.3
- The disk comes with 4 applications, !Define, !ModeSel, !Tweaks and
- !VIDCMods.
- 6.3
- !ModeSel − This application allows you to select any RISC-OS wimp mode
- (including the new VIDC modes). To use the program you need to select a
- base monitor and a large selection of common monitors are included, e.g.
- Aries VGA, Eizo 9060S and 9070S, NEC 2A, 3D and 4D, Taxan 775 and 795.
- The Princeton is not included and to cater for other monitors, modules
- for ‘Base’ monitors are provided. These are:
- 6.3
- BaseVGA: 640×350, 720×400, 640×480 VGA mode monitors
- 6.3
- Basesuper: 640×350, 720×400, 640×480 & 800×600 VGA mode monitors
- 6.3
- BaseTV: 15.625kHz line rate, 60.080Hz refresh rate TV monitors
- 6.3
- BaseSync15: 15kHz+ line rate multisync monitors
- 6.3
- BaseSync20: 20kHz+ line rate multisync monitors
- 6.3
- BaseSync30: 30kHz+ line rate multisync monitors
- 6.3
- After experimenting with various monitor modules, I selected a TX-14H8BT
- module.
- 6.3
- This gives access to about 55 screen modes which includes all suitable
- Acorn RISC-OS modes, Computer Concepts !ExtraModes and the Atomwide VIDC
- Enhancer modes.
- 6.3
- !Tweaks − This is a superb utility that allows you to move the displayed
- image on the monitor’s screen. One of the problems with multiSync / SVGA
- monitors is that, as they lock onto a new frequency following a mode
- change, the top left hand corner of the screen display moves. So
- changing mode means that you can no longer see all of the screen and you
- have to use the monitor controls to adjust the display. This is a
- nuisance, especially if the monitor adjustment switches are on the back
- of the monitor.
- 6.3
- With !Tweaks you should never have to touch the monitor control buttons
- because, every time you change mode, you can select the screen perfectly
- centred. In order to do this, you use a Real Time Move option, which
- allows you to move the screen display by moving the cursor keys until it
- is centred. You can save the screen mode. As far as I am aware, this
- facility is not available on any of the other VIDC enhancers.
- 6.3
- !Define − If you do not like any of the 55 supplied screen modes, you
- can change them or create new screen modes. You can select the number of
- rows and columns, the number of colours (2, 4, 16 or 256), the clock
- speed and VIDC rate. (I have not really used this utility as I am quite
- happy with the existing modes.)
- 6.3
- !VIDCMods − This is an application which is similar in nature to the
- !System folder. It contains modules holding all the screen modes for the
- monitors supported by the other applications.
- 6.3
- Conclusion
- 6.3
- I am very impressed with the Princeton monitor. For the price, it is
- superb and its features are comparable with monitors costing twice as
- much. The resolution is very good and it is great having large screen
- modes.
- 6.3
- However, I have just turned my ARM3 off and the computer is very
- sluggish in Mode 21 (640×512 256 colours). You may want to consider
- upgrading to an ARM3 before you use these screen modes. With an ARM3,
- this monitor is a real bargain.
- 6.3
- I am also impressed with the Watford SVGA VIDC Enhancer. This is worth
- buying for the !Tweaks utility alone, especially if your monitor
- controls are on the back on the machine.
- 6.3
- However, there are problems if you have a Serial Port combined midi /
- sampler card. I also did not like having to keep changing applications
- to define screen modes and then tweak them. I would hope that, if there
- is a new release of the software, then one application would be produced
- which combines the three existing applications.
- 6.3
- Supplier details
- 6.3
- I bought the monitor for £210 + VAT from Sudbury Electronics, 771 Harrow
- Road, Sudbury, Wembley, Middlesex HA0 2LW. (081−908−1888) (Fax:
- 081−904−8002)
- 6.3
- Additionally, other dealers can be found by contacting Princeton Graphic
- Systems, Norfolk House, Great Chesterford Court, Great Chesterford,
- Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1PF (0799− 30963). A
- 6.3
- EFF Scientific and Mathematical Fonts
- 6.3
- Brian Cowan
- 6.3
- Scientific or mathematical writing requires either a dedicated scienti
- fic DTP product such as TechWriter (to be reviewed in a future issue) or
- a general-purpose DTP program, such as Impression, together with an
- equation generation tool such as Equasor or BestForm (see the review on
- page 65). However, for presentable scientific manuscripts, an essential
- requirement is a good set of fonts. Both Equasor and BestForm are
- supplied with the MathGreek fonts from Electronic Font Foundry, which
- comprises an upright and an italic style, while Techwriter comes with
- font family called MathPhys which is very similar to MathGreek and is
- also produced by EFF. There are two other relevant fonts from the EFF
- stable, known as MathScript and MathLogic. Examples of all these fonts
- are shown in the tables.
- 6.3
- MathGreek
- 6.3
- There are a number of important points to appreciate about the MathGreek
- fonts. There are actually two versions of this font and, unfortunately,
- Equasor and the version of BestForm I have both use the earlier version.
- You will see from the tables that the new MathGreek font contains an
- enhanced collection of symbols and so it is rather more useful. However,
- you will also observe that the position of some of the characters has
- changed; their ASCII codes have been altered. This means that expres
- sions composed with the older version of the font may print out as
- nonsense when using the new fonts with the same name. In fact, this is
- the explanation of why some of Computer Concepts’ adverts for Equasor
- showed gobbledigook equations containing hearts and other strange
- characters.
- 6.3
- Another feature of MathGreek is the ten characters at the left hand edge
- of the tables on the bottom two lines. These characters have negligible
- widths so their effect is to over-type the character which follows it.
- The usual use for such symbols is in adding accents to foreign language
- text but in the scientific context, this allows one to create frequently
- used objects such as ãx, Ài , âv, án, etc. The difference between the
- set on the two lines is their height; the upper set are higher.
- 6.3
- Initially, I had a big moan about the lack of one particular physical
- symbol that I seem to use a lot, namely Planck’s (other) constant which
- is written as an h with a slash through it. Then I discovered these
- “over-typing” characters and the production of äh became trivial; no
- longer did I have to use extensive kerning to combine the regular h with
- the _ bar.
- 6.3
- My only unsatisfied requirement here is for bold Greek characters.
- However, it is worth pointing out that the common Trinity font has a
- Greek mu, and Trinity (both Roman and italic) comes in a bold flavour,
- thus providing the characters µ and µ. We shall have to wait for a full
- bold Greek alphabet; when that will come, I don’t know.
- 6.3
- MathPhys
- 6.3
- I only came across this font when I received my review copy of Tech
- Writer and, initially, I did not scrutinise it sufficiently to
- appreciate that this was another product from EFF. Then I noticed the
- logo and discovered some of its interesting features. To my joy,
- Planck’s constant is there as ⇩, and also there are now over-typing
- arrows so that vectors can be represented as år, for example. Another
- major addition is the multiple integral signs † and ‡. The MathPhys font
- comes in Roman and italic styles but, again, there is no bold. Signifi
- cant losses are the real and imaginary symbols ½ and ¼.
- 6.3
- MathScript and MathLogic
- 6.3
- The MathScript “curly” characters such as H and L will be of use to
- physicists. I tend to use these a lot in quantum mechanical equations.
- However, the straight open characters like r will be of more use to
- mathematicians. Interestingly, one mathematical symbol (which “enhanced”
- Archimedes users might recognise), namely », the Hebrew letter aleph,
- must be found on the MathGreek font.
- 6.3
- The set of logic symbols is quite extensive. However, for usual
- scientific applications, the range of inequalities, etc on the other
- fonts is fine. All in all, it seems that almost everything you could
- need is somewhere. The only thing I would like (apart from bold Greek)
- which, as yet, does not exist is the facility for producing fractions
- with a horizontal bar. This is useful for clarity in equations. It would
- actually be quite easy to do this using one set of normal “width”
- characters, for the numerator, say, and a set of “zero width” characters
- for the denominators.
- 6.3
- An important point to appreciate is that EFF have deliberately avoided
- being restricted by the PostScript character sets. This has resulted in
- a much more versatile collection of fonts. For dot matrix printers, and
- particularly for Laser Direct printers, this is no problem at all. Of
- course, with the utilities of RISC-OS 3, outline fonts can easily be
- downloaded to PostScript printers.
- 6.3
- EFF are to be congratulated on the superb range and quality of their
- scientific fonts. A
- 6.3
- ! “ # $ % & ‘
- ( ) * + , - . /
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
- 8 9 : ; < = > ?
- 6.3
- @ A B C D E F G
- H I J K L M N O
- P Q R S T U V W
- X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _
- 6.3
- ` a b c d e f g
- h i j k l m n o
- p q r s t u v w
- x y z {| } ~
- 6.3
- € Ŵ ŵ ◰ ☓ Ŷ ŷ ⇦ ⇨ ⇩ ⇧ … ™ ‰
- • ‘ ’ ‹ › “ ” „
- – — − Œ œ † ‡ fi
- fl
- 6.3
- ¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ¦ §
- ¨ © ª « ¬ ® ¯
- ° ± ² ³ ´ µ ¶ ·
- ¸ ¹ º » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿
- 6.3
- À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç
- È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï
- Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö ×
- Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ý Þ ß
- 6.3
- à á â ã ä å æ ç
- è é ê ë ì í î ï
- ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö ÷
- ø ù ú û ü ý þ ÿ
-
- 6.3
- ! “ # $ % & ‘
- ( ) * + , - . /
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
- 8 9 : ; < = > ?
- 6.3
- @ A B C D E F G
- H I J K L M N O
- P Q R S T U V W
- X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _
- 6.3
- ` a b c d e f g
- h i j k l m n o
- p q r s t u v w
- x y z {| } ~
- 6.3
- € Ŵ ŵ ◰ ☓ Ŷ ŷ ⇦ ⇨ ⇩ ⇧ … ™ ‰
- • ‘ ’ ‹ › “ ” „
- – — − Œ œ † ‡ fi
- fl
- 6.3
- ¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ¦ §
- ¨ © ª « ¬ ® ¯
- ° ± ² ³ ´ µ ¶ ·
- ¸ ¹ º » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿
- 6.3
- À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç
- È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï
- Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö ×
- Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ý Þ ß
- 6.3
- à á â ã ä å æ ç
- è é ê ë ì í î ï
- ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö ÷
- ø ù ú û ü ý þ ÿ
-
- 6.3
- ! “ # $ % & ‘
- ( ) * + , - . /
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
- 8 9 : ; < = > ?
- 6.3
- @ A B C D E F G
- H I J K L M N O
- P Q R S T U V W
- X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _
- 6.3
- ` a b c d e f g
- h i j k l m n o
- p q r s t u v w
- x y z {| } ~
- 6.3
- € Ŵ ŵ ◰ ☓ Ŷ ŷ ⇦ ⇨ ⇩ ⇧ … ™ ‰
- • ‘ ’ ‹ › “ ” „
- – — − Œ œ † ‡ fi
- fl
- 6.3
- ¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ¦ §
- ¨ © ª « ¬ ® ¯
- ° ± ² ³
- 6.3
- ! “ # $ % & ‘
- ( ) * + , - . /
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
- 8 9 : ; < = > ?
- 6.3
- @ A B C D E F G
- H I J K L M N O
- P Q R S T U V W
- X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _
- 6.3
- ` a b c d e f g
- h i j k l m n o
- p q r s t u v w
- x y z {| } ~
- 6.3
- € Ŵ ŵ ◰ ☓ Ŷ ŷ ⇦ ⇨ ⇩ ⇧ … ™ ‰
- • ‘ ’ ‹ › “ ” „
- – — − Œ œ † ‡ fi
- fl
- 6.3
- ! “ # $ % & ‘
- ( ) * + , - . /
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
- 8 9 : ; < = > ?
- 6.3
- @ A B C D E F G
- H I J K L M N O
- P Q R S T U V W
- X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _
- 6.3
- ` a b c d e f g
- h i j k l m n o
- p q r s t u v w
- x y z {| } ~
- 6.3
- € Ŵ ŵ ◰ ☓ Ŷ ŷ ⇦ ⇨ ⇩ ⇧ … ™ ‰
- • ‘ ’ ‹ › “ ” „
- – — − Œ œ † ‡ fi
- fl
- 6.3
- ¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ¦ §
- ¨ © ª « ¬ ® ¯
- ° ± ² ³ ´ µ ¶ ·
- ¸ ¹ º » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿
- 6.3
- À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç
- È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï
- Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö ×
- Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ý Þ ß
- 6.3
- à á â ã ä å æ ç
- è é ê ë ì í î ï
- ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö ÷
- ø ù ú û ü ý þ ÿ
-
- 6.3
- MathGreek (old version)
- 6.3
- MathGreek (new version)
- 6.3
- MathPhys
- 6.3
- MathScript
- 6.3
- MathLogic
- 6.3
- SFXM − Sound Effects Maker
- 6.3
- Peter Smith
- 6.3
- !SFXM is the fully RISC-OS compliant Sound Effects Maker from Cambridge
- International Software. It actually comprises two applications − the
- Sound Effects Maker itself and a waveform editor, !SFXED.
- 6.3
- At the time when I saw that the package was available for review, I was
- writing an Archimedes version of Geordie Racer for Longman Logotron. I
- was facing a serious dilemma, because the sounds I could easily produce
- on the Archimedes were inferior to those which I had been able to create
- for the original BBC model B version! SFXM sounded like just what I
- needed, so I was on the telephone to Norwich Computer Services like a
- shot!
- 6.3
- The version which arrived a few days later is not the package I am
- reviewing here, although the software itself is substantially the same.
- I found the original documentation confusing and unhelpful. The copy
- protection also caused some headaches before I realised that the review
- copy had not been given the name that the protection routine was
- searching for!
- 6.3
- Nevertheless, it was clear from the examples provided, that this was a
- highly versatile package capable of producing a tremendous range of
- sounds and effects. The software was also very robust, and the ‘Sound FX
- Editor’ (!SFXED) was the most versatile sound wave editor I had seen.
- After some hours of frustration, I phoned C.I.S. It turned out that they
- had received other adverse comments and were busy re-writing the manual.
- 6.3
- After several months, the new version, with the documentation in draft
- form, arrived. This time, the software protection routine (you have to
- type in your name, and each disc is uniquely numbered) was completed
- without fuss, and I was then able to transfer the software to my hard
- disc.
- 6.3
- The new manual is a vast improvement on the original so if you have the
- old (32 page) manual, I suggest you get in touch with C.I.S. and request
- an upgrade.
- 6.3
- Making sound effects
- 6.3
- So, how does it all work? Well, the basic idea is that you are given a
- number of predefined and user-defined waveform and envelope generators,
- plus some modifying tools like filters and delays, which you link
- together to produce an output waveform. You can also start with any
- sampled waveform and use the tools to modify it.
- 6.3
- Everything is reasonably intuitive. There are a total of 16 ‘objects’
- which generate or modify the waveform. These, and the wires which
- connect them, are placed or dragged around the screen in typical RISC-OS
- fashion. Alternatively, the different functions can be selected from the
- usual RISC-OS menu structure but as this exactly duplicates the
- facilities of the toolbox attached to the left of the sheet window,
- there would seem to be little point. Saving a sheet is performed with
- the usual save dialogue box which is selected from !SFXM’s iconbar menu.
- 6.3
- When you have completed your ‘sheet’, you click on the calculate tool
- and, after a delay which is never disturbingly long, the resultant wave
- form appears in an !SFXED window and a ‘Keyboard’ window also appears:
- 6.3
-
- 6.3
- At this point, you can hear what your waveform sounds like, as the
- keyboard allows you to play notes in a three octave range. This can be
- extended to eight octaves in conjunction with the function keys.
- 6.3
- The waveform can now be further edited using the most comprehensive set
- of editing tools I have seen. These include fade in or out; echo;
- reverb; and silence, which is surprisingly useful for getting rid of
- those annoying little blips which often seem to occur at the end of a
- sample.
- 6.3
- Samples can be saved in Tracker, Armadeus, DSEdit or EMR format.
- Alternatively, the raw data can be saved or the sample converted to a
- standard relocatable module. The sound sample can be converted between
- linear signed and unsigned, and logarithmic form. The editor can, in
- fact, be used alone − for example, to edit sound samples grabbed through
- sampling hardware such as the Oak Recorder. It is not possible to undo
- most of the effects but you can always get back to the original waveform
- by recalculating it from the sheet.
- 6.3
- Happily, this software comes with permission to use any samples created
- in public domain or commercial software, without charge, CIS simply ask
- for acknowledgement within the documentation or software which seems
- very reasonable to me. (This contrasts notably with Oak Solution’s
- approach to the software supplied with their Oak Recorder. I bought one
- when they first came out, only to discover that the module supplied
- which allowed the samples to be played was copyright!) (The solution is
- to buy their Sound Lab software which produces relocatable modules − but
- that costs a further £18 through Archive. Ed.)
- 6.3
- My main complaint with the original manual was that it left me com
- pletely in the dark about how I could use the package’s undoubted powers
- to create my own sound effects in anything other than a completely
- random trial and error fashion. The new documentation goes quite a long
- way to addressing this problem, by giving examples of the way in which
- the different generating and modifying tools can be used. The examples
- are often cross-referenced to the 37 example sheets which are provided
- on the disc. Also provided on the disc I received, were 25 sound effect
- sample sheets, and 64 instrumental sample sheets. I understand that many
- more than this will be supplied with the production version. C.I.S. are
- currently working on a sampler board which will link to !SFXM and will
- work through the serial port of the new A3010. (It will therefore work
- on the A3020, A4000 and A5000, presumably. Ed.)
- 6.3
- What I most want to be able to do, is to use the computer to create the
- sound effect which I have in my mind. I do not believe that this is an
- easy objective and I think I will go on experimenting for some time
- before I am quickly able to get close to the effect I want. However, I
- do think this is an excellent tool for learning about the generation of
- sound, and with the new version of the documentation, this is by far the
- best tool I have to help me.
- 6.3
- The cost of this package is £49.95 from C.I.S. or £46 through
- Archive. A
- 6.3
- ClassPrint
- 6.3
- David Leckie
- 6.3
- Printing with a RISC-OS driver over Econet can cause severe problems due
- to the limited bandwidth of this network. Any RISC-OS printer driver
- produces a program for the printer in its own control language. Now,
- with the exception of the PostScript driver, this will always describe a
- bit image whether it be text or graphics that has to be printed.
- 6.3
- This results in a very large amount of data having to be passed from the
- client station to the network printserver. If more than about two
- stations try to print simultaneously, the bandwidth of the network is
- exceeded and “Not Listening” messages start to appear. If a class of
- twenty want to print even a single A4 page from Impression, it can take
- many hours, if not days, to achieve.
- 6.3
- ClassPrint is an attempt to help overcome these problems by utilising
- the speed of a Laser Direct printer at the printserver end and compress
- ing the data at the client end. It has been produced jointly by Computer
- Concepts and Oak Solutions though it is marketed only by the latter.
- 6.3
- As Computer Concepts’ Laser Direct printers have previously been
- reviewed in Archive 4.11 p2 this review will concentrate on the
- facilities offered by the ClassPrint software. ClassPrint consists of a
- small but quite adequate user guide and a single disk containing the
- software. The software consists of Spooler, an application similar in
- appearance to the Level 4 Spooler application. This is run on the
- printserver along with PrinterHR and a modified versions of CC’s
- PrinterHR is run on the client machine. Versions are supplied for the
- LBP-4, LBP-8 and the now-discontinued Qume Laser Direct printers.
- 6.3
- The hardware requirements are:
- 6.3
- Client: Any A-series machine on Econet. Memory requirements depend on
- the application that uses the printer driver. 1Mb is sufficient for
- Paint/Draw, etc. Impression is tight on 1Mb so 2Mb is recommended.
- 6.3
- Server: Any A-series computer connected on the Econet with 4Mb ram and
- a hard disc with several Mb free. Though not recommended, this print
- server can also function perfectly satisfactorily as a Level 4 file
- server. An ARM3, while not essential, is certainly desirable. Laser
- Direct printer which can be used simultaneously as a normal Laser Direct
- printer and as a Laser Direct server.
- 6.3
- For the following tests, the hardware/software configurations shown
- below were used:
- 6.3
- Client: 20 A3000s with 2Mb of ram and a 128Kb font cache configured.
- Floppy drive only. Fonts etc taken from floppy not the network. New
- Econet modules installed. RISC-OS 2.
- 6.3
- Server: A310 with 4Mb ram, ARM3, Laser Direct hi-res card, Canon LBP-4
- printer, 100 Mb Quantum SCSI drive with 50Mb free. RISC-OS2. The Print
- Server was also running Level 4 file-serving software but no file-
- serving demands were made during the timing tests.
- 6.3
- Before installing the above system, the printserver software had been
- Spooler (supplied with Level 4) and the printer an Epson LX400. The
- older, but quite standard, 1.xx version of !PrinterDM was used by the
- clients, at the highest resolution.
- 6.3
- These sets of tests compare the time taken to print CC’s sample ‘News’
- document from Impression II. The times shown below are not just until
- control is regained by the client but are as recorded when the printout
- is produced. Times are mins and seconds.
- 6.3
- Printer To Spool Total to
- Print File Size
- 6.3
- Laser Direct N/A 0m 43s
- 272Kb
- 6.3
- (as standard)
- 6.3
- Laser Direct 1m 53s 2m 26s
- 271Kb
- 6.3
- (as Print Server)
- 6.3
- LX400 (1st client) 4m 53s 9m
- 17s 564Kb
- 6.3
- LX400 (2nd client) 4m 53s
- 13m 45s 564Kb
- 6.3
- With a dot matrix printer, printing can start before spooling finishes,
- giving the 1st client a quicker printout. With subsequent clients the
- queue has built up. The longer time is the more realistic.
- 6.3
- It can be seen that using ClassPrint makes network printing a realistic
- proposition. Using a dot matrix, at the very best, one printout every 14
- mins is all that can be hoped for. In practice, not even this can be
- achieved due to “not listening” messages when several stations try to
- print simultaneously. However, there are still some problems with this
- software.
- 6.3
- Problems
- 6.3
- • There is no way that a simple text printout can be produced because
- !EmulateLQ, as supplied with Laser Direct, will not work over a network.
- This means that software such as First Word Plus or any software that
- uses a VDU 2 will not print. i.e. it must print via a RISC-OS driver.
- PipeDream will work perfectly with the RISC-OS drivers but its own
- drivers will not work. To get a listing/printout from a Basic program,
- the output has to be spooled, tidied up in Edit then dragged to the
- printer driver. Pascal source, prepared in Edit, is OK but sample run-
- time needs to be spooled, tidied in Edit, then printed.
- 6.3
- • The Spooler application from Level 4 will not co-exist with the
- ClassPrint spooler. Thus, if some stations on the network need a simple
- text printout, e.g. a listing, and others want the Laser Direct printer,
- two separate print servers are required. Pupils become rapidly confused
- when they try to select different print servers. (This problem may have
- been overcome with AUN.)
- 6.3
- • There is no method of putting a header with the client station’s I.D.
- or station number on the printout. This can cause confusion in identify
- ing pupil’s work, especially when all the work is similar.
- 6.3
- • On occasions, an error message, “No room in shared area” appears. This
- happens chiefly while printing with a long queue. Oak Solutions have
- investigated this but believe that the problem lies with CC’s part of
- the code. A re-write to overcome this problem is planned but is not
- imminent.
- 6.3
- • The client software is designed only to install if the printserver is
- running. This is desirable but it can lead to the following problem.
- When the client software is run, it searches the network, including
- other networks across bridges, for a server called laser. It then checks
- that the Laser Direct controller module is present in this machine.
- However, included in the Level 4 Spooler application is a logical
- printserver called Laser. (Presumably, this is to serve an HP Laser Jet
- printer.) This could be anywhere on the network but, on occasions, it
- may find this server before the correct one and will then, naturally,
- fail to find the controller module and generate an error message. The
- solution to this problem, once diagnosed, is easy − just rename the
- Level 4 logical server to say Laser_3.
- 6.3
- • Another similar problem occurs when two ClassPrint servers are run on
- the same network. Again, while installing on the client machine, the
- software searches the network for a server called Laser. However, there
- is no way of knowing which server it will find. In our case, it
- sometimes failed to find the server a few metres from it but found one
- on another network two bridges distant. Printouts were thus directed to
- the wrong server. This can be solved by editing the choices file inside
- the spooler applications to say Laser1 and Laser2 as there is no menu
- option to rename a print server.
- 6.3
- • A large number of stations (10-20) still cannot print a large file
- simultaneously without errors, but, due to the speed of the system, all
- that is required is to spread the start of printing.
- 6.3
- (Oak Solutions are aware of these problems and are working on the ones
- that are caused by faults in the software. Ed.)
- 6.3
- C onclusion
- 6.3
- Laser Direct is a good product. It does what it is supposed to do and it
- does it well. The real problem lies not with ClassPrint itself but with
- the lack of bandwidth on Econet. It is a good attempt to overcome these
- problems. In our case, it has transformed the horrendous problem of
- network printing into a situation that, while not perfect, is adequate.
- If the problems of simple text printing, the clients I.D. and the “No
- Room in shared area” can be overcome, and if menu options can be
- included to rename servers, ClassPrint will be an excellent product. The
- guide should also include a “trouble shooting” section!
- 6.3
- ClassPrint costs £79.95 +VAT from Oak Solutions or £87 through
- Archive. A
- 6.3
- ArcFS2 versus SparkFS
- 6.3
- Tim Nicholson
- 6.3
- Archive filing systems with some form of data compression have been
- around for a while now, principally in the form of Compression from
- Computer Concepts and ArcFS by Mark Smith. Enigma is due out soon which
- promises data compression and encryption protection but in the meantime,
- David Pilling has entered the scene with SparkFS, a filing system
- implementation of his popular Spark archive utility, and an upgrade to
- ArcFS in the form of ArcFS2 has been released by Software 42. Both these
- packages are similarly priced and claim to offer similar facilities, so
- how do they compare?
- 6.3
- The packages
- 6.3
- ArcFS2 comes on a single floppy disc together with some utilities,
- including a PD read-only version of the application, and release notes.
- It occupies 53Kb of disc space with 17Kb for the associated Info
- application. The thirty-one page manual is either a good photocopy or a
- bad DTP printout, and contains not only a tutorial and guide to basic
- operation of the application, but also useful sections on such matters
- as using the system with limited memory, differences between operation
- with RISC-OS 2, RISC-OS 3 and RISC-OS 3.10, and a list of supported
- *commands. The package is supplied in a video library case which is big
- enough to let the floppy rattle around alarmingly and too small to take
- the manual without folding it.
- 6.3
- SparkFS comes on a single floppy together with the latest copies of
- Spark and Sparkplug and the usual release notes, etc. SparkFS occupies
- some 344Kb of disc space, of which 199Kb is recoverable on your working
- copy if you are content to limit the range of archive formats which you
- wish to handle. It is packaged in a purpose-made vinyl-backed wallet
- together with a “properly” printed manual of 28 pages which includes a
- history of the various archive formats SparkFS understands, a descrip
- tion of supported *commands and a list of error codes/messages.
- 6.3
- The facilities
- 6.3
- ArcFS2 provides an archive filing system utilising file archives of
- filetype_DDC. It supports various compression algorithms, none, Pack
- (where only consecutively repeated bytes are compressed) or 12 to 16 bit
- LZW compression of the Crunch or Compress variety. Each has its own
- merits of speed and memory requirements. “Garble” password protection is
- available and this is independently settable for different objects
- within one archive. Improvements over the original version include speed
- and the number of archives “open” at any one time. A separate utility
- called ArcFSInfo is provided to enable archive statistics to be viewed.
- This utility has its own icon on the right of the iconbar which is in
- addition to the ArcFS2 icon on the left(filer) side of the iconbar.
- 6.3
- SparkFS likewise provides an archive filing system but may utilise a
- variety of archive formats including (currently) those found on other
- hardware platforms including PC’s and the Mac. I say currently because
- SparkFS is written as a series of modules, each one designed to handle a
- particular format, and a core filing system module which is format
- independent. Thus if a new format comes along, upgrading is simply a
- question of obtaining a new format specific module. Also, formats which
- are currently read-only may be upgraded to read/write if there is
- sufficient demand to make it worth the author’s while. Currently
- supported archives are, read-only:- ARJ, LZH, McStuffitt, PackdDir and
- Zoo. Read and write:- Spark files_DDC, Spark directories (a new animal,
- similar to CFS directories), PK arc, Zip and Tar. For those who have
- never heard of half of these, the manual gives a short potted history.
- For those who never need to know, the irrelevant modules can be deleted
- from the working disc, saving up to 199Kb of space.
- 6.3
- SparkFS also supports a large range of file conversion facilities,
- primarily of use to those wishing to send 8bit data down 7bit channels
- (e.g. viewdata systems). Of the various standards around, SparkFS can
- handle uucode (from Unix), atob, FCET, boo and HQX. Again, the manual
- explains the various formats to those unfamiliar with them. Compression
- options depend upon archive type but for Spark file or directory
- archives, they are:- None, Squeeze, Squash, 12 bit Crunch and 12 or 16
- bit compress. Encryption may either be “Garble” or DES, which is
- supposedly a very secure algorithm, as used by NASA, and may be applied
- to individual objects within an archive. Archive statistics are obtained
- by control-dragging an archive to the filer icon rather than needing a
- separate utility, but are not as comprehensive as ArcFS2’s.
- 6.3
- In use
- 6.3
- A double click loads ArcFS2 on the left (filer side) of the iconbar.
- Thereafter any archives can be treated just like any other part of the
- filing system. A preferences window can be selected on the iconbar for
- setting encryption, compression type and miscellaneous options. These
- preferences may be saved as the default settings or used “just for now”.
- The iconbar menu allows creation of new archives, manual compaction of
- existing archives which have had files deleted from them, and facilities
- for opening the root directories and parent directories of open
- archives, or closing archives and, finally, quitting the application.
- 6.3
- Once an archive has been opened, ArcFS2 keeps a note of it. If the
- window is closed it may be easily reopened or the directory in which the
- archive exists reopened using the Open $/parent facilities in this menu.
- This is a useful way of avoiding cluttering up the desktop with too many
- open windows. ArcFS2 refers to archives by their leafname and thus will
- not allow two archives of the same name but different paths open at the
- same time. Also, if an archive is deleted or moved but not closed first,
- it will still appear in the list of open archives. Attempting to Open $
- produces a window showing the “contents” of the archive, but attempting
- to use the contents gives a ‘file not found’ error. This is slightly
- annoying and can lead one to think one has archives which no longer
- exist! When an archive has been created it is not automatically opened.
- This must be done by double clicking on it.
- 6.3
- Since ArcFS2 is written as a module, it uses the module area for its
- workspace. The manual warns of the need to ensure enough free space in
- this area and gives a table of memory requirements and the procedure to
- adopt depending on whether RISC-OS 2 or RISC-OS 3 is being used.
- Contrary to the instructions in the manual, I had to adjust the module
- area memory allocation to avoid running out of memory with large files
- even with RISC-OS 3. This became an annoyance when it happened halfway
- through an operation and I had to start again.
- 6.3
- A separate utility, ArcFS2Info, is provided to show statistics of an
- archive dragged to it. It gives information about original file size,
- compressed file size, compression type, read/write status and compres
- sion ratio (compressed file size as a percentage of original). Whilst
- this is a useful utility, I think it is a shame that one needs another
- icon on the iconbar (mine is always too full anyway).
- 6.3
- SparkFS’s iconbar menu is shorter than ArcFS2’s containing only Info,
- New Archive, Choices, and Quit. Choices is the equivalent of ArcFS2’s
- select option on the archive bar and leads to a preferences window
- containing options for archive type, compression type, default temp
- file, archive modules loaded, max memory SparkFS may grab and options
- relating to UUcoded files. Encryption settings are dealt with in the
- statistics window opened by Control-dragging an archive to the iconbar.
- 6.3
- One big difference between the two applications is the use of workspace
- memory. As noted, ArcFS2 uses the RMA, while SparkFS is configurable.
- One option uses the system sprite area, others use memory claimed from
- the operating system. SparkFS will use as much memory as it needs, up to
- its allowance as set in ‘max’ in the choices window. If that is not
- enough, it will use a Temp directory which, as supplied, is set to
- <Wimp$ScrapDir> but this may be altered to any convenient location
- including RAMFS. Using a Temp directory does slow things down a bit but
- it means that SparkFS can handle big files more readily than ArcFS2
- without running out of memory.
- 6.3
- The New archive option allows one to specify the type of archive and
- name and then it is created in the usual way of dragging to a filer
- window. New archives are automatically opened after creation. Clicking
- <select> on the iconbar provides a short cut to this menu option.
- 6.3
- Spark file archives are compatible with those of Spark and similar to,
- but not entirely compatible with, ArcFS2 files. Spark directories are a
- new form of archive similar in structure to CFS directories. They are a
- pseudo-application with a Data directory containing the actual archives
- as individual objects. The default Sprites file is the familiar
- lightning flash on blue but can be customised to whatever you fancy to
- aid the identification of an archive.
- 6.3
- Directories are more robust than files since each item is a discrete
- entity. If files are deleted, the archive does not need compacting and
- recovery should be easier after a disc fault. The down side is a
- slightly bigger overhead reducing the compression efficiency. Once an
- archive has been created, there is no necessity for the iconbar front
- end of SparkFS and the Quit option allows for quitting of the front end
- only or of the Filer too.
- 6.3
- The lack of Open $/parent is not really a problem with RISC-OS 3 since
- the Pinboard facility can be used to keep the number of open windows
- under control whilst keeping archives accessible. As with ArcFS2,
- archives may be opened by double clicking on them or dragging them to
- the iconbar. Shift-dragging performs conversion operations, the options
- depending upon the source object type. Spark files can be converted to
- Spark directories and vice versa. Applications and directories can be
- archived directly without the need to create the archive first and
- binary to text (and back) conversions are handled in this way.
- 6.3
- Performance
- 6.3
- In order to compare the speed of the two packages, I set them to work on
- a Squirrel database of 1,352,716 bytes which I know to be readily
- compressible. The reason for the choice was twofold. Firstly, it enabled
- me to do timings with a stopwatch without introducing significant
- reaction timing errors and secondly it would show up any weaknesses in
- the memory management of the applications. It is a real use which I do
- weekly, at least, and sometimes daily. For the test, I used a standard
- ARM2 A440 RISC-OS 3.10 with ST506 hard disc, creating the archive/
- unpacked data on a RAM disc from the source object on the hard drive.
- This was designed to keep hard disc access down to a minimum and so
- reveal the speed of the processing algorithms. The compress 12 algorithm
- was used in all cases and the compressed archive size was about 30% of
- the original data. (The time taken to copy the file directly from the
- hard drive into the RAMFS was 9.5s.)
- 6.3
- Spark SparkFS ArcFS2
- 6.3
- create archive ~120s 38s (1)
- 40s *
- 6.3
- 46s (2)
- 6.3
- 56s (3)
- 6.3
- unpack archive ~90s 22s (1)
- 38s *
- 6.3
- 33s (3)
- 6.3
- Notes: (1) using memory mode, max dragged out to
- accommodate largest file
- 6.3
- (2) using Temp Directory in RAMFS:
- 6.3
- (3) using <WimpScrap$Dir> on :4
- 6.3
- * initially ArcFS kept running out of memory in RMA until I used the
- task manager and dragged it out to as much as I could. This is not as
- the manual says it should be under RISC-OS 3.
- 6.3
- All filer operations were verbose but in the case of option (1) did not
- actually appear for reasons I am unsure of. It is interesting that
- almost as much time is saved switching from RAMFS to memory as from
- <WimpScrap$Dir> to RAMFS which must indicate the filing system overheads
- in read write operations even if they are to RAMFS. The saving is of the
- order of the raw transfer time from :4 to RAMFS! Subtracting the raw
- data transfer times from the above figures gives a processing time of
- around 30s to pack and 20s to unpack (30s for ArcFS2) around 1.3 Mb of
- data. An ARM3 would presumably reduce these times further. This means
- that for more modest operations, the processing overheads will not add
- unreasonably to disc operations, e.g. unpacking a 100Kb file should only
- take an extra couple of seconds.
- 6.3
- Compatibility
- 6.3
- ArcFS2 will happily read Spark File archives created by Spark or SparkFS
- but it declares them as read-only and will not add to them. A utility to
- covert them is supplied with ArcFS2 or they may be simply dragged to a
- new archive. It cannot read Spark directories.
- 6.3
- SparkFS declares ArcFS2 archives as read-only if one attempts to write
- to them. Attempting to read the archives caused SparkFS to crash with
- memory errors and trying to quit SparkFS sometimes caused the computer
- to hang up. This seems to be because the Spark module has got corrupted
- and will not die when asked. This is a problem because, when faced with
- a file_DDC archive, there appears to be no way of knowing which
- application created it. For ArcFS2 this is not a great problem but for
- SparkFS it could cause an embarrassing crash. Apart from this problem
- SparkFS can handle a great many more formats than ArcFS2 so it would be
- nice if this little hiccup could be fixed. It is interesting to note
- that the two archives created by the two applications from the same
- source were different sizes, the ArcFS2 file being some 1580 bytes
- bigger.
- 6.3
- Conclusion
- 6.3
- These two packages are similarly priced. For my usage, the memory
- management options of SparkFS compared with ArcFS2’s limitations on
- handling large files make it my first choice. For more modest use, this
- would not be a problem. However, there would still be the other areas
- where SparkFS scores over ArcFS2 − no separate icon cluttering up my
- iconbar just for archive statistics, not limited to one archive format
- only, and all the file conversion options. I would like to have a read-
- only PD version that I can leave on the machine at work.
- 6.3
- ArcFS2 is smaller and, for those with problems of space, this may be
- important but this difference is not great if one cuts down on the
- archive options of SparkFS. ArcFS2 comes with a read-only version which
- is PD, there is no equivalent in SparkFS and Sparkplug is getting long
- in the tooth now. It is incredibly slow by comparison and can’t handle
- directory archives. Apart from the distribution aspect of providing a
- read-only version, there is an element of protecting software against
- unauthorised tampering, obtained by using archived applications and a
- read-only de-archiver, so how about it, David Pilling?
- 6.3
- From the initial presentation of the packages, through to the facilities
- provided and the way they are implemented, SparkFS comes out a clear
- winner for me. ArcFS2 is a notable improvement to the earlier version
- and those familiar with it may prefer to stay with the style of
- something they are used to, whilst gaining the benefit of the enhance
- ments. Both packages come with a discount for those upgrading, but
- SparkFS comes with a double discount for those with both ArcFS and
- Spark. This can make it even better value for money. For those with
- twice as much to spend, there is still Computer Concepts CFS and, round
- the corner, is Enigma (with what facilities? and at what cost?) but, at
- the moment, SparkFS wins on price and performance.
- 6.3
- ArcFS2 is £20 (no VAT) from Software42 and SparkFS is £23.96 from David
- Pilling or £23 through Archive. A
- 6.3
- Rheingold Enterprises 17 Ingfield
- Terrace, Slaithwaite, Huddersfield HD7 5BJ. (0925−210657)
- 6.3
- Risc Developments (pp6/10) 117 Hatfield
- Road, St Albans, Herts AL1 4JS. (0727−40303) (0727−860263)
- 6.3
- Sherston Software Swan Barton,
- Sherston, Malmesbury, Wilts. SN16 0LH. (0666−840433) (0666−840048)
- 6.3
- Software 42 109 Ferry Road, Hullbridge, Essex SS5 6EL.
- 6.3
- Soft Rock Software 124 Marissal
- Road, Henbury, Bristol BS10 7NP. (0272−761685)
- 6.3
- Spacetech (p32) 21 West Wools, Portland, Dorset DT5 2EA.
- (0305−822753) (0305−860483)
- 6.3
- State Machine 75 Upper Wellington Street, Luton, Bedfordshire LU1
- 5AA. (0582−483377) (0582−480833)
- 6.3
- Techsoft UK Ltd (p9) Old School
- Lane, Erryrs, Mold, Clwyd CH7 4DA. (082−43318)
- 6.3
- Turing Tools 149 Campbell Road, Cowley, Oxford OX4 3NX. (0865−775059)
- 6.3
-
- Volume 6 • Nº 4 • January 1993
- 6.4
- All change!
- 6.4
- More changes are taking place at the Archive office. During the
- Christmas holidays, we will, hopefully, have completed the installation
- of our new telephone system to improve the service we offer to sub
- scribers. In particular, we will have a special Technical Help phone
- number that will be released in confidence to subscribers to our
- Technical Help Service.
- 6.4
- Archive BBS is born again?
- 6.4
- A few weeks ago, the hard drive on the Archive bulletin board suffered a
- fatal crash. We tried to give it the kiss of life but to no avail. We
- decided, therefore, that it was time we re-vamped the BBS. We have
- installed some new phone lines here in the office (the old board was run
- from Adrian’s home) so 745932 is no longer available. The new number
- will be 0603−766585. We hope to get the system up and running again very
- soon but please bear with us.
- 6.4
- The new board will have a new emphasis. We are hoping that its main use
- will be as a technical forum. To this end, all discussions which can be
- classed as just ‘passing the time of day’ − i.e. using the BBS just for
- fun − will be discouraged. We will try to put all the latest Careware,
- Shareware and Program Disc software up on the board as soon as it
- becomes available. We will also try to check the mail daily (Monday to
- Friday) to ensure a good turn-around for your technical queries.
- 6.4
- In case you haven’t accessed the Archive BBS before, you will need some
- scrolling terminal software (not Viewdata) with the data format set to
- 8n1 and the speed at up to 2400 baud. There will be two lines at first
- but if the board gets enough use to justify it, we will install a third
- line and put a higher speed modem on it.
- 6.4
- More staff !?!
- 6.4
- Our third major change this month is another new member of staff! We
- will soon (we hope) be welcoming Vera Cooke as our new Business Manager.
- She is currently in a job that has a 3 month notice period and they are
- hanging onto her until the very last minute but we hope she will start
- here some time next month.
- 6.4
- I trust that, as a result of these and other changes, Norwich Computer
- Services will continue to grow and improve the service it offers to the
- Acorn 32-bit community.
- 6.4
- With best wishes for 1993,
- 6.4
- Products Available
- 6.4
- • Aldebaran − In this new game ‘that shows what the Archimedes is
- capable of’, you explore twelve fractal planets, fight off various
- enemies and save a star from destruction. It is produced by Evolution
- Trading in Switzerland and is available in the UK through MAPS Ltd for
- £34.90 inc VAT.
- 6.4
- • Aleph One PC card under £400 − While stocks last, we have some Aleph
- One 386 1Mb PC podules for £395 due to over-stocking just before the 486
- appeared on the scene! (We are having to sell these at a loss!!)
- 6.4
- • Archive price rise − As we said last month, the price of the Archive
- annual subscription (12 issues) is increasing from £17 to £19 as from
- 1st February 1993. All subscriptions received before that date will be
- honoured even if they are not actually due. The new overseas rates are
- £26 for Europe, Australia/N.Z., etc £37 and the rest of the world £34.
- 6.4
- The Technical Help Service is also going to be increasing from £10 a
- year to £15 a year. However, this is to reflect the fact that we are
- installing a dedicated Technical Help Hotline. The main NCS phone line
- is usually fairly busy, so we will issue THS users with a special
- confidential phone number which they can ring to get solutions to their
- technical problems. We are hoping the line will be open by the end of
- January and all holders of a current THS subscription will then receive
- a letter informing them about the new service.
- 6.4
- • Atomwide VIDC enhancer − Atomwide have stopped producing their VIDC
- Enhancer and have released the VIDC Plus software into the public
- domain. This is now available as Careware Disc 18 (£6 to subscribers −
- see below). We have also been given permission by Atomwide to get
- another company to make them for us (in any case, the enhancers and hope
- to have some VIDC enhancers made up shortly. This will allow us to
- fulfil existing orders and to continue to supply enhancers in future.
- 6.4
- • BBC Acorn User Show − In April 1993 (15th − 17th) Safesell Exhibi
- tions, who have been responsible for the London Acorn User Shows, will
- be organising an Acorn User Show in Harrogate at the International
- Exhibition Centre. This has come out of the fact that the London
- exhibition has been taken over by Acorn themselves and will, from 1993,
- be The World of Acorn. We hope that Norwich Computer Services will be
- represented at both exhibitions.
- 6.4
- • Careware Disc 18 − This disc contains the public domain version (1.61
- 16-Mar-92) of Atomwide’s VIDC Plus software. This supports a host of
- monitors giving a wide range of extra modes for all A-series computers.
- There are two versions of the software on the disc:
- 6.4
- The A540/A5000 version does not need any additional hardware and
- supports the following monitors: Eizo 9060, Eizo 9070, Eizo F550i, Eizo
- T560i, HP-D1187, MicroHL, PanaSync, Quadram (AKF 18), Taxan 1095, Taxan
- 770, Taxan 775, Taxan 795, Taxan 875, Taxan 970.
- 6.4
- The A400/A3000 version must have the Atomwide VIDC enhancer hardware to
- support the following monitors: Eizo 9060, Eizo 9070, HP-D1187, MicroHL,
- PanaSync, Quadram (AKF 18), Switcher, Taxan 1095, Taxan 770, Taxan 775,
- Taxan 795, Taxan 875, Taxan 970.
- 6.4
- • Chatter is 4Mation’s new comms package. This is a full RISC-OS
- compatible program providing ANSI, Viewdata and Teletel display
- protocols, and Campus 2000, X, Y and Z-modem transfers. The price is
- £37.50 from 4Mation or £35 through Archive.
- 6.4
- • Desktop Tracker − This is Leading Edge’s RISC-OS compatible version of
- their Tracker software which allows you to enter your own music and
- sounds, and also to play existing Tracker music of which there is a lot
- available in PD libraries. If you have a Midi interface, you can play
- the tracker tunes through a Midi instrument. Desktop Tracker is £69 inc
- VAT from Leading Edge or £63 through Archive.
- 6.4
- • EFF fonts − There is now a range of over 500 RISC-OS 3 fonts available
- from EFF. They have also dropped the price of their RISC-OS 2 fonts by
- 30%. The new fonts have automatic kerning so that, for example, the word
- “AWAY” transferred into RISC-OS 3 fonts would automatically come out as
- “AWAY”.
- 6.4
- • Eureka! − I have a real live copy of Eureka in my hands. It is
- available NOW.
- 6.4
- • Game Maker’s Manual − For those who want to write their own games for
- the Archimedes, this new book will provide some of the basics to get you
- started. The price is £14.95 from Sigma Press or £14 through Archive.
- 6.4
- • Games galore − There are various games for the Archimedes that we have
- missed out on along the way. The following have now been added to the
- Archive games list:
- 6.4
- Black Angel, the 3D space combat simulation from 4th Dimension is £32
- through Archive.
- 6.4
- Chopper Force, the 3D futuristic helicopter simulation from 4th
- Dimension is £32 through Archive.
- 6.4
- Galactic Dan is a 3D arcade adventure combat game from 4th Dimension and
- is £24 through Archive.
- 6.4
- Gribbly’s Day Out is an arcade action game from CoinAge. This is £24
- through Archive.
- 6.4
- Krisalis Compendium which includes Mad Professor Mariarti, Terramex,
- Pipemania and Revelation (the game, not the art package!). This is £28
- through Archive.
- 6.4
- Lotus Turbo Challenge 2 the driving game from Krisalis with a Turbo
- Esprit or Lotus Elan is £24 through Archive. (This is currently making
- life a misery for the adults of the Beverley household − “If you don’t
- come for lunch now I shall switch the so-and-so computer off!”)
- 6.4
- Omar Sharif’s Bridge is a bridge game from Krisalis including on-line
- help for £28 through Archive.
- 6.4
- • Hawk V9 Mk II − Wild Vision have produced a new version of their well-
- established Hawk V9 digitiser. It is now a single width podule which
- saves a podule slot (Mk I was a dual width podule). The software has
- been upgraded to offer a live display window in the desktop. The grabbed
- video picture is then displayed with full dithered colours. There is
- also a special mono format useful for preparing material for monochrome
- DTP work. It comes with fully RISC-OS compliant software providing an
- “extensive range of image scaling and enhancing options” allowing
- sprites produced to be dragged straight into whatever desktop appli
- cations you are using. The price is now £269 +VAT from Wild Vision or
- £305 through Archive.
- 6.4
- • IDE internal drives − Yes, we’re finally succumbing to pressure to
- stock internal IDE hard drives for the A3000 (and A3010). We want to
- assess which we consider to be good enough quality and low enough power
- consumption to be a reasonable risk for putting into a computer without
- a fan. If readers have a drive they would like to recommend from their
- own experience, let us know. If suppliers would like us to consider
- their IDE drives, they too should get in touch with us to arrange a loan
- of one of their units for assessment.
- 6.4
- • Joystick interface − The new Leading Edge Joystick Mk2 is now
- available. It plugs into the printer port and takes two Amiga/Atari type
- joysticks. With the software provided, it claims to be able to be used
- with “virtually any piece of software”. It includes a switch so that the
- interface does not have to be removed in order to use the printer port
- as normal. (I tried it with an Artworks and an Impression dongle hanging
- off the back and they worked fine.) It is compatible with all Acorn 32-
- bit computers and with RISC-OS 3.1. The price is £38 through Archive.
- 6.4
- • Landmarks Civil War − The latest in Longman Logotron’s series of
- Landmarks packages is Civil War. The price is £24 +VAT from Longman
- Logotron or £26 through Archive.
- 6.4
- • Midi Tracker − This software from Leading Edge allows you to play
- existing Tracker music, of which there is a lot available in PD
- libraries, through a Midi interface to a Midi instrument. It gives you
- the ability to add keyboard setups, several being pre-defined. Midi
- Tracker is £19 inc VAT from Leading Edge or £18 through Archive.
- 6.4
- • Midi Interface − This is Leading Edge’s Midi interface. It has Midi in
- and out, conforms to Acorn’s Midi standard and is cheap! Midi Interface
- is £42 inc VAT from Leading Edge or £40 through Archive. The other
- advantage/disadvantage is that it does not take up a podule slot but
- uses the Econet interface. The Midi in and out sockets are on short
- flying leads that plug into the Econet socket.
- 6.4
- • Midi Sampler Interface − This is a combination of a Midi interface (as
- above) and an audio sampler. Again, it has Midi in and out on flying
- leads and an audio plug for the sound input. It can sample up to 50 KHz.
- (If you are wondering who would want to sample frequencies that high,
- Leading Edge assure me that someone is using one of these samplers for
- his research into bat sounds!) The Midi Sampler Interface is £94 inc VAT
- from Leading Edge or £88 through Archive.
- 6.4
- • Picture it! − This is an object-oriented drawing package aimed at
- education. It takes drawfiles as objects and allows pupils to make
- drawfile pictures by combining the objects and then colouring them,
- arranging them and even animating them. The price is £29.95 +VAT for a
- single user or £49.95 +VAT for a site licence from Appian Way Software.
- They also do topic disks at £8.50 +VAT each. These include buildings,
- ships, birds, clothes (4 volumes), mini-beasts (2 volumes), dinosaurs,
- transport and Christmas. You can, of course, make up your own sets of
- objects from any source of drawfile clipart.
- 6.4
- • SCSI cards and drives − We are now stocking Leading Edge’s SCSI cards
- plus their 80Mb SCSI drive solutions for the different Acorn 32-bit
- computers.
- 6.4
- For A300/400 there are 80Mb drives with standard podules: Internal 8-bit
- £405, internal 16-bit (i.e. a faster interface) £460, external (which
- has its own p.s.u.) 8-bit £555, 16-bit £605.
- 6.4
- If you just want the SCSI card, the 8-bit version is £105 and the 16-bit
- version is £145.
- 6.4
- For A3000 owners, there is a Hardbox which is an 80Mb drive in a metal
- box with its own p.s.u. that attaches to the external interface. This is
- available as 8-bit at £485 and 16-bit at £530. There is also an 8-bit
- Turbo external version at £605. This uses a separate external cased
- drive with its own p.s.u. which links via a cable to an internal 8-bit
- interface. The interface has extra hardware that makes it rather faster
- than the standard 8-bit SCSI interface − though not as fast as the 16-
- bit interface.
- 6.4
- If you just want a SCSI card, the internal A3000 8-bit version is £105,
- the external A3000 8-bit version is £115 (including case) and the 16-bit
- external version is £155 (including case). The 8-bit internal turbo
- version is also £145.
- 6.4
- There is also a special version of the 8-bit internal (non-turbo) SCSI
- card which includes a User Port. This is £150. This is particularly
- useful for schools, for example, where they want to use something like a
- concept keyboard or an interface box as well as having a hard drive.
- 6.4
- Another option for A3000 owners is to buy an empty hardbox with its own
- p.s.u. You then buy your own SCSI interface (not necessarily a Leading
- Edge one) and a 3½“ SCSI hard drive and put it all in the hardbox. This
- costs £125 for the box and p.s.u.
- 6.4
- N.B. ALL Leading Edge SCSI cards are CD-ROM compatible, i.e. they do not
- need any extra software, whether in ROM or on disc, in order to connect
- to CD-ROMs. (The 16-bit card is £145 which, if you need to use CD-ROM
- compares very favourably with the Morley 16-bit card at £160 plus £22
- for the CDFS filing system.)
- 6.4
- • SpySnatcher is Topologika’s latest addition to their range of classic
- text adventures. Your job is to help MI7’s chief, known as ‘Z’, to
- unearth a ‘mole’. The price is £15 inc VAT from Topologika. (Send to
- Topologika for their free Adventure Games catalogue.)
- 6.4
- • TechWriter − Icon Technology’s TechWriter builds on their successful
- EasiWriter wordprocessor and adds mathematical typesetting with the
- addition of a fully integrated WYSIWYG equation editor. The price is
- £250 +VAT from Icon or £270 through Archive.
- 6.4
- Review software received...
- 6.4
- We have received review copies of the following: Ancient Greece, Arcade,
- Chaos (game), Drop Rock, Fantasy + Fiddles & Drums (SmArt files), Help3,
- Impact, NetView, Oh no! More Lemmings, Polyominoes, Precision, Punc
- tuate, Soapbox, SpySnatcher, The Puddle and the Wardrobe, ThinkLink,
- Tiles, TV Fun & Games, Whale Facts, Yes Chancellor II. A
- 6.4
- Government Health Warning − Reading this could seriously affect your
- spiritual health.
- 6.4
- As you will probably have gathered from the last few month’s editorials,
- Norwich Computer Services is expanding quite rapidly at the moment. Why
- are things going so well for us in the midst of a recession? Is it
- because we try to run the business on Christian principles? Does God
- somehow favour us because we pray about business decisions before we
- make them? Do we get special divine business guidance?
- 6.4
- Well, I don’t think God shows any favouritism towards us but I do think
- that if a business is run in the way that God (in the Bible) says is
- best, it will tend to flourish. This business is not immune to the
- difficulties of the current economic climate but I believe that if we
- seek to bring honour to Him by the way we run our business, He will, in
- one way or another, look after us. I have seen the truth of this over
- and over again in the years I have been in business. Trust Him − He
- won’t let you down!
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- Norwich Computer Services 96a Vauxhall Street, Norwich, NR2 2SD.
- 0603−766592 (−764011)
- 6.4
- 4th Dimension P.O. Box 4444, Sheffield. (0742−700661) (0742−781091)
- 6.4
- 4Mation 11 Castle Park Road, Whiddon Valley, Barnstaple, Devon EX32
- 8PA. (0271−25353) (0271−22974)
- 6.4
- Abacus Training 29 Okus Grove, Upper Stratton, Swindon, Wilts SN2
- 6QA.
- 6.4
- Acorn Computers Ltd Fulbourn
- Road, Cherry Hinton, Cambridge CB1 4JN. (0223−254254) (0223−254260)
- 6.4
- Aleph One Ltd The Old Courthouse, Bottisham, Cambridge CB5 9BA.
- (0223−811679) (0223−812713)
- 6.4
- Appian Way Software Ltd Old Co-
- operative Buildings, Langley Park, Durham DH7 9XE. (091−373−1389)
- (091−373−0731)
- 6.4
- Arachne Software Orchard Cottage, East Morden, Wareham, Dorset BH20
- 7DL.
- 6.4
- Atomwide Ltd 23 The Greenway, Orpington, Kent BR5 2AY. (0689−838852)
- (0689−896088)
- 6.4
- Avie Electronics 7 Overbury Road, Norwich. (0603−416863) (0603−788640)
- 6.4
- Clares Micro Supplies 98 Mid
- dlewich Road, Rudheath, Northwich, Cheshire CW9 7DA. (0606−48511)
- (0606−48512)
- 6.4
- Coin-Age Ltd 23 Cooper Street, Nelson, Lancashire BB9 7XW.
- 6.4
- Colton Software (p7) 2 Signet
- Court, Swanns Road, Cambridge CB5 8LA. (0223−311881) (0223−312010)
- 6.4
- Computer Concepts (p32/33) Gaddesden
- Place, Hemel Hempstead, Herts HP2 6EX. (0442−63933) (0442−231632)
- 6.4
- Dabs Press 22 Warwick Street, Prestwich, Manchester M25 7HN.
- (061−773−8632) (061−773−8290)
- 6.4
- Electronic Font Foundry Granville
- House, 50-52 Upper Village Road, Ascot SL5 7AQ. (0344−28698)
- (0344−872923)
- 6.4
- Evolution Trading AG Industries
- trasse 12, CH-3178 Bösingen, Switzerland. (010−41 +31−747−6531)
- (+31−747−6596)
- 6.4
- ICS Ltd (p16) 1 Kington Road, West Kirby, Wirral L48 5ET.
- (051−625−1006) (051−625−1007)
- 6.4
- Icon Technology 9 Jarrom Street, Leicester LE2 7DH. (0533−546225)
- 6.4
- (or Mike Glover on 057−286−642)
- 6.4
- Krisalis Software Teque House,
- Mason’s Yard, Downs Row, Moorgate, Rotherham S60 2HD. (0709−372290)
- 6.4
- Lambda Publications 194 Cheney
- Manor Road, The Green, Swindon SN2 2NZ. (0793−695296)
- 6.4
- Leading Edge 376 Meanwood Road, Leeds LS7 2JH. (0532−621111)
- (0532−374163)
- 6.4
- Longman-Logotron 124 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4
- 4ZS. (0223−425558) (0223−425349)
- 6.4
- LOOKsystems (p19) 47 Goodhale Road, Bowthorpe, Norwich NR5 9AY.
- (0603−764114) (0603−764011)
- 6.4
- MAPS Ltd P.O.Box 2841, 87 Vivian Road, Harborne, Birmingham B17 0DL.
- (021−428−2696) (021−428−2696)
- 6.4
- Mijas Software Winchester Road, Micheldever, Winchester SO21 3DJ.
- (0962−774352)
- 6.4
- Minerva Systems Minerva House, Baring Crescent, Exeter EX1 1TL.
- (0392−437756) (0392−421762)
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- Computer Concepts
- 6.4
- From 6.3 page 40
- 6.4
- Computer Concepts
- 6.4
- From 6.3 page 41
- 6.4
- Paul Beverley
- 6.4
- Hints and Tips
- 6.4
- • Refilling BJ300/330 Ink Cartridges − The cartridges have a “soak up”
- pad in them as well as the ink sachet so if the pad is black and full of
- waste ink you can’t refill them! or can you? This is how to do it.
- 6.4
- Split the cartridge along the seam and lift off the top. It is only
- lightly tacked together so its quite easy to prise apart.
- 6.4
- (The next bit is messy so use disposable gloves so you do not get ink
- over your hands.)
- 6.4
- Lift out the ink sachet (keep it the same way up) and then the pad and
- wipe clean the cartridge. Dispose of the pad in a plastic bag, trying
- not to get too messy.
- 6.4
- I used kitchen roll for the new pad. Cut about 12 pieces to the size and
- shape of the pad then place in the cartridge, now place the sachet on
- top. Keep it the same way round to make sure the needle hole lines up
- with the needle in the printer.
- 6.4
- That’s what the safety flap is for that drops down when you remove the
- cartridge so you don’t jab yourself.
- 6.4
- Replace the top of the cartridge, securing it with just a couple of
- drops of glue so it can be removed again, it is now ready to be filled.
- 6.4
- I took the advice of Stuart Bell (Archive 4.5 page 7) and used Quink
- Permanent Black @ £1.70p for 54ml. The sachet takes 40ml, so don’t over-
- fill it. Obtain a 20ml syringe and 21 gauge needle from your chemist. (A
- 20ml syringe is about the best as larger ones tend to be very
- expensive.)
- 6.4
- Carefully fill the sachet making sure the needle goes in the same hole.
- If you make another hole, air can get in and cause problems.
- 6.4
- Don’t forget to wash out the syringe and needle afterwards.
- 6.4
- So, at the cost of approx £1.70p plus the syringe and a few sheets of
- kitchen roll, you now have a refilled ink cartridge which would normally
- cost about £10 to refill and between £15 − £20 for a new one.
- 6.4
- If any of you wonder what the soak up pad is for, when the printer is
- switched on, ink is jettisoned through the nozzles to clean them and
- this then runs down into the cartridge.
- 6.4
- • D-type connector problems − In Archive 4.8 p7, there was a tip about
- taking the washers from under the hexagonal pillars of the D-type
- connectors. I think it is worth re-stating it for those readers who
- missed it. My A310 was in a ‘not working’ state the other day − it
- refused to produce any green. I checked that the two screws holding the
- D-plug into the socket were tight and checked out the monitor and lead
- which worked fine, but still no green. A few days later, I remembered
- the tip, removed the washers and the green returned. Les May,
- Rochdale A
- 6.4
- Small Ads
- 6.4
- (Small ads for Archimedes and related products are free for subscribers
- but we reserve the right to publish all, part or none of the material
- you send, as we think fit. i.e. some people don’t know what ‘small’
- means and there are certain things, as you can imagine, that we would
- not be prepared to advertise as a matter of principle. Sending small ads
- (especially long ones!) on disc is helpful but not essential. Ed)
- 6.4
- • A5000 4Mb, 100Mb HD, Panasync C1381 Multisync monitor £1395. HP
- DeskJet 500 printer £250. All immaculate condition, boxed, manuals, etc.
- Phone 0782−771914 or 412515 ext 4034.
- 6.4
- • Acorn DeskTop Publisher £40. Minerva GammaPlot £20, System Delta+ £30,
- Mailshot (for SD+) £15. Games: Nevryon £8, Powerband £8. CC ROMs (for CC
- ROM/RAM podule): InterChart £10, InterSheet £15, InterWord £15,
- SpellMaster £20. Phone 0737−832159 evenings.
- 6.4
- • Acorn monitor, medium resolution, boxed, complete with cables, £100.
- Phone Michael Rutland on Basingstoke 0256−881338 evenings.
- 6.4
- • Atomwide ARM3 + RISC-OS 3.10 upgrades, £150. Syquest 44Mb removable
- SCSI drive, new, £350. Eizo 9060SZ low radiation monitor, as new, £400
- o.n.o. Phone Ian on 0245−325205.
- 6.4
- • CC BJ10ex Turbo Driver never used, unwanted present, £35. Contact
- Chris on 081−856−4732.
- 6.4
- • IFEL 2Mb RAM board (upgradable to 4Mb), with MEMC1A chip for A310,
- £90. Acorn ROM podule with optional RAM chips, £25. Impression Junior
- £40. Phone 051−606−0289.
- 6.4
- • Oak 16-bit SCSI podule for A5000. Unused, still sealed, with utilities
- disc and manual, £70. Phone 0302−722781 after 6.
- 6.4
- • Wanted − Reasonably priced s/h mono monitor for word-processing on an
- Archimedes. Phone Des Woon on 0255−880257.
- 6.4
- • Z88 notebook computer, 128Kb RAM pack, adaptor, charger, cover,
- leather case, ‘Z88 Magic’ book and BBC transfer kit, £150 o.n.o. Phone
- Frank Mulholland 0734−875181 (office hours).
- 6.4
- Charity Sales − The following items are available for sale in aid of
- charity. PLEASE do not just send money − ring us on 0603−766592 to check
- if the items are still available. Thank you.
- 6.4
- (If you have unwanted software or hardware for Archimedes computers you
- could donate for charity, please send it in to the Archive office. If
- you have larger items where post would be expensive, just send us
- details of the item(s) and how the purchaser can get hold of them.)
- 6.4
- Hearsay £15, Pace Nightingale modem (300/300, 1200/75) £25, Artisan
- Support Disc £5, ArcTiculate £15, !Help − Intro to Archimedes £5,
- Snippet £10, Screened printer data cable £1 per metre. A
- 6.4
- Colton
- 6.4
- From 6.3 page 5
- 6.4
- Oak
- 6.4
- From 6.3 page 26
- 6.4
- Using RISC-OS 3
- 6.4
- Hugh Eagle
- 6.4
- I hope that all who have ordered RISC-OS 3 upgrades will have received
- them by the time this issue is published and that those who have been
- waiting to make up their minds about upgrading will have been suffi
- ciently encouraged by now to go ahead. There will be considerable
- advantages to all Archimedes users if we all use the same operating
- system: above all programmers will be able to use the new improved
- features without having to worry about backwards compatibility.
- Inevitably, this column will tend to contain quite a lot of negative
- material about difficulties that some people have had, but it is
- important to appreciate that most upgraders have had very little real
- trouble (some inconvenience, perhaps, but not insuperable problems).
- There are genuine advantages in RISC-OS 3, most programs work well and I
- believe that most users are pleased with it.
- 6.4
- The deadlines for the December and January editions of Archive have been
- concertina’d close together (because of Christmas, etc) so there has
- been no time for any reactions to the first RISC-OS 3 column. However,
- contributions have continued to arrive in response to the original
- request – several more problems, criticisms, etc but also some interest
- ing hints & tips.
- 6.4
- Please send anything that you think may be relevant either to Archive or
- to me, Hugh Eagle at 48 Smithbarn, Horsham, Sussex RH13 6DX.
- 6.4
- Fitting the chips to an A310
- 6.4
- The upgrade to my A310 with an IFEL carrier board was quite straightfor
- ward, with the help of good instructions. IFEL recommend that you remove
- the motherboard, as a fairly good pressure is required to insert the
- carrier board. I encountered no problems but the soldering of three
- wires from the carrier board on to the legs of a chip, is not for the
- faint hearted. (Memories of my Beeb days came flooding back). (Roger
- Power.)
- 6.4
- Configuring for a SCSI hard drive
- 6.4
- The configure application is OK apart from the settings appertaining to
- my Oak SCSI filing system. I have overcome this by a separate !Config
- Obey file that I run as well as Configure and which reads as follows:
- 6.4
- *configure drive 4
- 6.4
- *configure filesystem SCSI
- 6.4
- *SCSI
- 6.4
- *configure SCSIDrive 4
- 6.4
- *OPT 4,2
- 6.4
- This is obviously only needed after a factory reset which shouldn’t be
- very often. Unfortunately, at the moment it is, as further problems have
- now occurred. Namely my Impression doesn’t read the Dongle all the time
- and appears to require a factory reset. This is only since the arrival
- of RISC-OS 3.1 and I have yet to find out whether or not the Dongle (or
- maybe even RISC-OS 3.1) is at fault. Obviously I have checked all the
- connections over and over again. (Roger Power.)
- 6.4
- (Roger, I suspect it’s more likely to be a hardware problem on the
- p.c.b. after fitting the I.F.E.L. ROM upgrade in your A310. There are no
- problems, that we know of, with dongles. Ed.)
- 6.4
- 5¼“ floppy drive
- 6.4
- My external 5¼“ floppy drive is too slow for my Archimedes, with the
- result of the heads chattering alarmingly. I had previously got round
- this problem with the command *Configure STEP 3 6. However, RISC-OS 3.1
- does not appear to accept this, only STEP 3 3. Can anyone help, please?
- (Roger Power.)
- 6.4
- LaserDirect printer driver
- 6.4
- (Incidentally, Computer Concepts have told me that “RISC-OS 3 compatible
- printer drivers should be available around the middle of next year. This
- will cover TurboDrivers, FaxPack and LaserDirect” HE)
- 6.4
- In RISC-OS 2, I solved the problems of using a LaserDirect printer on a
- machine to which a parallel printer is also attached, by including a
- simple driver in an application which resides on the iconbar and does
- lots of idiosyncratic things which suit my personal use of the machine.
- The driver stores data dragged to it in a buffer and outputs it to the
- dot-matrix line by line on each Wimp_Poll with reason code 0. This
- enables me to leave the LaserDirect on the iconbar. If I want to print
- some text or Basic, the data is dragged with <shift> held down,
- otherwise the data is presumed to represent an address, which is
- formatted for the 9-line labels with which, by default, the printer is
- loaded. This is very handy, because I can drag the address directly out
- of a DeskEdit or Impression window. My beef is that my routine orig
- inally tested for a connected printer, thus:
- 6.4
- DEFPROCChPr:*FX5,1
- 6.4
- VDU2,1,0,3
- 6.4
- SYS“OS_Byte”,152,3 TO ;f%: f%=f%AND2
- 6.4
- IFf%=0SYS“OS_Byte”,145,3
- 6.4
- *FX5,5
- 6.4
- ENDPROC
- 6.4
- Thus, if the 0 byte inserted into the printer buffer is still there, the
- printer is not on and the data are output to screen via a command
- window; otherwise, they go to the printer; f% being the determining
- flag. Now, I can understand that it is an enhancement to RISC-OS to wait
- if the printer is off, but I find it is wholly unacceptable that the
- machine is locked up by so simple an event. The OS_Byte no longer works,
- since presumably the machine is stuck at the end of line 3200! Now, the
- RISC-OS driver is not stopped by such an event, but multitasks happily
- waiting for the printer to be switched on. Clearly some routine is
- available to deal with the situation; why could the release documenta
- tion not give a clue?
- 6.4
- I have had to abandon the routine temporarily because, if I wished to
- display a file on screen, the printer was incidentally tested first.
- This is no longer possible, unless I validate <escape> with *FX229
- before calling the routine and reset on exit; this means exiting via the
- error handler, however, and is one of the more difficult parts of Wimp
- programming, I find! Any suggestions? (Mick Day.)
- 6.4
- LaserDirect and ROM fonts
- 6.4
- As mentioned last month, the current version of the Computer Concepts’
- LaserDirect printer drivers are not fully RISC-OS 3 compatible. Thus
- they will not cope with the extra features of Draw such as rotated text
- or sprites. Furthermore, they will not find all of the fonts in the ROM-
- based resources filing system. In particular, the italic versions of
- both Homerton and Corpus are not seen. It is necessary to have the old
- copies of the Homerton and Corpus fonts installed in the disc !Fonts
- directory. (Brian Cowan.)
- 6.4
- (I find that if I try to print these fonts from Impression, it refuses
- to print but does allow me to carry on, whereas Draw locks up the
- machine. If this is a printer driver problem it makes Computer Concepts’
- apparent lack of interest in bringing out new drivers all the more
- frustrating. If they do appear in “the middle of next year” that will be
- about 20 months after the original release of RISC-OS 3! HE)
- 6.4
- Dot matrix printers: formfeeds
- 6.4
- I have yet to find a way of stopping the RISC-OS dot-matrix printer
- driver from issuing a concluding formfeed when a short piece of text is
- dropped on the icon and printed. I prefer to control such things myself;
- any ideas? or am I, after all, an idiot? (Mick Day.)
- 6.4
- DFS discs: don’t try “free” space
- 6.4
- Put a DFS disc in drive 0 and click; the error window tells you it is an
- unrecognised format. However, if you put a DFS disc in drive 0 and click
- on ‘Free’ you will crash the machine with ‘File core in use’ rearing its
- ugly head! Couldn’t the existing disc checking routines have been
- invoked before plunging into the ‘Free’ sequence? (Mick Day.)
- 6.4
- Naming the RAM disc
- 6.4
- RISC-OS 2 used RAM:$ as the prefix on the RAMdisc filer window and
- Filer_OpenDir worked with it quite happily. However, you had to find out
- by trial and error what discname to use in order to get sense out of,
- e.g.
- 6.4
- SYS “RamFS_FreeSpace”,“RamDisc0” TO room% : IFroom%>X% room%=0 : ENDPROC
- 6.4
- Acorn could have detailed this irritating time-waster somewhere (like
- the PRM). Now, I appreciate that RAM::RamDisc0.$ is generically the
- correct format to use in the Acorn file system protocols and clicking on
- the icon in RISC-OS 3 opens a window with that title. For backwards
- compatibility, *Filer_OpenDir RAM:$ still works; jolly good. However, if
- your software issues the command and you have already opened a window,
- RAM::RamDisc0.$, from the iconbar, you get a second window identical in
- all save the title, RAM:$! (Mick Day.)
- 6.4
- Operating system version
- 6.4
- The PRM tells us that SYS“XOS_Byte”,0,0 prints the version string: so it
- does. However, SYS“OS_Byte”,0,1 TO ,A is supposed to return the OS
- version number in A but it does not seem to do so. RISC-OS 2 and RISC-OS
- 3 on my machines both return 6 (the SYS number for OS_Byte)! However,
- SYS“XOS_Byte”,0,0 TO A does return, in (A+4), the address of the version
- string, so it can be extracted in the time-honoured manner. (Mick Day.)
- 6.4
- MS-DOS: file extensions and formatting
- 6.4
- The MultiFS utility is not required in RISC-OS 3; DOS discs and DOS
- partitions on hard discs may be read directly with the new operating
- system. I think that what Acorn have done is to integrate MultiFS into
- the machine’s filers as an Image filing system. However, I cannot obtain
- all the old facilities of MultiFS. In particular, it is not clear
- whether the hierarchical method of dealing with file extensions can be
- used; this was particularly useful. Also, I see that you can copy the
- boot sectors from one DOS disc to another from the command line using
- *CopyBoot, but I don’t know if this can be done from the desktop as an
- option while formatting. Does anyone know? (Brian Cowan.)
- 6.4
- Compression
- 6.4
- CC have told me that there is a bug in version 1.10 of Compression which
- can cause a corruption if a file is dragged between a CFS window and the
- corresponding uncompressed filer window. If this is not done, Compres
- sion should work OK. (Brian Cowan.) (See also the comment by Jochen
- Konietzko in last month’s column.)
- 6.4
- Wish list for RISC-OS 4 (R. W. Darlington)
- 6.4
- • When I use Name Disc from desktop, I want to see it display the
- present disc name in the writable icon. (With my setup it does display
- the name of the hard disc but not that of a floppy! HE)
- 6.4
- • When I copy across a group of files from one directory to another, I
- want to see the Filer check that there is sufficient disc space for the
- copied files to fit before it starts to copy them. (Also, in the case of
- D format discs, that the disc won’t need compacting.)
- 6.4
- • I want to see it copy a group of files from one disc to another a
- little more intelligently than it does at the moment. I wish to see it
- write all the directory information in one go, then write all the files,
- instead of continually moving the heads across the surface of the disc
- for each little file it writes to disc, which takes it an age!
- 6.4
- • When I Set Type from Desktop, I want to see a list of possible
- options, along with their icons, like !SetType by Emmet Spier.
- 6.4
- • In !Edit, I want to see an option to ‘Select All’.
- 6.4
- • In !SciCalc, which uses BASIC64, I want to see it display figures to
- the full precision of the Basic, 18 significant figures or so and not
- the 10 displayed at present. Also, I want to see it display exponents
- like this “×1018” and NOT “E18”. I also want to see an option to select
- engineering or scientific notation.
- 6.4
- • When deleting columns at the far right hand edge of a sprite, it
- deletes too many columns.
- 6.4
- • If I save a sprite (using !Paint) of just one pixel in height (any
- length?) and colour it a different colour than desktop grey, then when I
- use this sprite to create a backdrop using the !Pinboard, not only does
- it take an incredible amount of time to draw the backdrop, it also uses
- the wrong colour. It comes out in desktop grey! Is this a problem with
- !Paint or !Pinboard? (Or is the user making unreasonable demands? HE)
- 6.4
- • In the Set Copy Options, I want to see an option whereby it can be
- made to ask for confirmation only if a deletion is being made, rather
- than just an access request or a copy command.
- 6.4
- • Now that some fonts are inside RISC-OS 3 itself, I want to see a
- configure option to set the desktop default font to other than the
- system font.
- 6.4
- • I also want to see a new MODE equivalent to MODE 31 in every way
- except that the pixel units are set such that all icons and everything
- on screen appears half the size. Or, do the same for MODEs 18, 19, 20,
- and 21.
- 6.4
- • When I insert a disc with a foreign format, e.g. an IBM formatted
- disc, into the drives, I want to see a little more obviously that it is
- a foreign format. Why not have the window header in a different colour,
- e.g. red! Or do it some other way if you must, but make it immediately
- obvious that it is not a native format disc.
- 6.4
- • When a window now goes off screen and the bottom right-hand ‘size’
- control is grabbed, the window increases in size upwards when it should
- not. (Isn’t this one of the intended improvements in RISC-OS 3? HE)
- 6.4
- Pinboard backdrop sprites
- 6.4
- R. W. Darlington has also sent in a collection of 74 sprites suitable
- for tiling the backdrop, a voice module (which sounds to me as if it
- might have been generated not a billion light years from the Sirius
- Cybernetics Corporation) and some suggested modifications to the !Boot
- file which will sound the voice module and display a different backdrop
- each time the computer is re-booted.
- 6.4
- The modifications to the !Boot file read as follows:
- 6.4
- RMEnsure PinVoice 0 RMLoad PinVoice
- 6.4
- CHANNELVOICE 1 10
- 6.4
- SOUND 1 &FFF1 60 160
- 6.4
- WimpMode 31 :REM to suite my sprites
- 6.4
- Run ADFS::HD4.$.PinSp.RenSprites
- 6.4
- Pinboard
- 6.4
- Backdrop -T ADFS::HD4.$.PinSp .Sprit01
- 6.4
- This assumes that the PinSp directory contains the backdrop sprites and
- an Obey file called RenSprites which simply cycles the sprite names and
- reads as follows:
- 6.4
- Rename ADFS::HD4.$.PinSp.Sprit01 ADFS::HD4.$.PinSp.Sprit00
- 6.4
- Rename ADFS::HD4.$.PinSp.Sprit02 ADFS::HD4.$.PinSp.Sprit01
- 6.4
- ......
- 6.4
- Rename ADFS::HD4.$.PinSp.Sprit00 ADFS::HD4.$.PinSp.Sprit74
- 6.4
- Screen blanker configuration
- 6.4
- Does anyone know which *configuration command sets the blank out time,
- or where this appears in the *Status data. I can set it using Acorns
- !Configure program in the Apps directory, but cannot find it elsewhere
- for use by a star command. (Roger Darlington.)
- 6.4
- *Filer_Run syntax
- 6.4
- My tip last month about using *Filer_Run with a variable application
- name was unnecessarily convoluted. Although *Filer_Run <App$Dir> doesn’t
- work, *Filer_Run <App$Dir>.!Run does.
- 6.4
- Fitting RISC-OS 3.1 to Computerware/Avie/Atomwide RAM upgrades
- 6.4
- The new RISC-OS ROMs are easily fitted into the four sockets provided on
- the main RAM board. The ROMs should be fitted as described in the
- instructions supplied with the RISC-OS upgrade.
- 6.4
- Locate the two links on the RAM board and swap the jumper to position B
- for both.
- 6.4
- Locate LK12 on the main PCB, this is just under the RAM PCB where the
- cable enters from the left. There should be two links placed in the
- east-west postion. Remove these links and replace them in the north-
- south position.
- 6.4
- LK12 is not always fitted and exists as a pair of PCB tracks on the
- topside of the main PCB. These can be cut using a small sharp knife. The
- new links can then be made on the underside of the PCB using tinned
- copper wire and a soldering iron − as shown below.
- 6.4
- A310 Issue 1 PCB’s do not have LK12 fitted at all and require more
- difficult modification. Please contact Avie for assistance.
- 6.4
- The fitting of RISC-OS 3 will be performed by Avie for £6.50 + VAT −
- this charge is simply to cover return carriage. A
- 6.4
- • ABC Compiler − I’ve followed the discussions in Archive about the
- relative merits of the RiscBasic and ABC compilers with interest
- (Archive 6.1 p49). I don’t feel that there is much weight to the
- argument that ABC is compiling a language different from Basic V. The
- differences are quite small. The evening I received the ABC package, I
- got a program of over a thousand lines running with the compiler in
- about an hour which included writing some code to initialise several
- arrays and removing some redundant code. When I write programs under the
- Basic V interpreter, I just take the differences into account.
- 6.4
- My major grumble is that even when I bought the ABC package a year ago,
- it had a minor bug which shows itself sometimes when the object code
- icon is dragged to a directory − it requires the machine to be reini
- tialised. An upgrade to the latest version, which presumably will have
- corrected this bug, will cost me £40, which I think is a bit steep if
- it’s only the bug fix that is any help to me. Les May, Rochdale
- 6.4
- • EasiWord 2 up(?)grade − I did have version 1.07 of Minerva’s EasiWord
- and, after seeing the adverts for the WYSIWYG version, EasiWord2, I
- decided to go for the upgrade.
- 6.4
- Now, I do not know anything about 1st Word Plus, so the fact that
- EasiWord2 was similar conveyed nothing to me. However, when I tried this
- new version, I was niggled to find that I couldn’t print without a RISC-
- OS printer driver being installed.
- 6.4
- What was much worse was the fact that I could no longer send control
- codes to my printer! Horror of horrors − I had lost the ability to print
- in double height and in a choice of seven colours on my old Epson
- LQ2500+. Let readers be warned!
- 6.4
- I wrote to Minerva and expressed my dismay about their new package. They
- very kindly invited me to return version 2 for a refund or part
- exchange. I took up their offer and they even gave me a new package of
- their old EasiWord 1.07. Well done, Minerva!
- 6.4
- So, before you upgrade, be sure that it actually is an UPgrade for your
- purposes. Keith Lowe, Pickering
- 6.4
- • Scheme − If Sue Lawley asks me which book I want to take to a desert
- island, without hesitation I will have to say ‘Structure and Interpreta
- tion of Computer Programs’ by Abelson and Sussman. I reckon that after a
- few years of studying it without any distractions, I would know how to
- set about programming a computer. The language used by these authors is
- Scheme, a stripped down, elegant and refined version of Lisp.
- 6.4
- If you think Lisp is just an acronym for ‘Lots of Irritating Single
- Parentheses’, think again. With even a simple parentheses-matching text
- editor as supplied with EdScheme, that bogey disappears and you quickly
- come to realise that the apparently strange syntax of Lisp-like
- languages such as Scheme is in fact a very consistent and clear way of
- expressing a computer program. Indeed, just as we in Britain are used to
- seeing a Pascal-like pseudo-code used to express a fragment of code, US
- books aimed at the academic community often use Lisp for the same
- purpose.
- 6.4
- I had read about the first third of the Abelson book before taking the
- plunge and buying EdScheme. What arrived was the Scheme optimising
- incremental compiler and associated editor on a single disc, a thinnish,
- 100 pages plus, User Guide and Reference Manual, and a thick, 300 pages
- plus, Schemer’s Guide. This package is, in fact, a complete programming
- course at a total cost of £60 plus p&p.
- 6.4
- The guide is aimed rather firmly at the late secondary school market and
- starts with a deceptively simple approach to programming by asking the
- programmer to construct pencil and paper machines capable of performing
- given tasks. Even when programming has been introduced, the guide
- continues to use the ‘machine’ diagrams alongside the Scheme code.
- 6.4
- This approach has much to commend it. We are familiar with the idea of a
- machine which carries out some operation on the raw materials fed into
- it. Cans of beans are constructed from a supply of beans and empty cans.
- The filled cans are transported as a package but, to make use of them,
- we need another machine, a can opener, to open the package and get at
- the contents. Much of Scheme programming is concerned with building the
- machines to construct packages of data, machines to check their contents
- and machines to open up the packages and make use of the contents.
- 6.4
- One quickly comes to realise that within those intimidating parentheses
- is the name of a machine which carries out some operation and the names
- of items upon which it operates. That applies to arithmetic operations
- too, so the label for the operation comes before the operands, so called
- Polish or pre-fix notation.
- 6.4
- By chapter 3, you are being asked to write an interpreter to add
- fractions (try that in Basic!) and have been introduced to the concepts
- of data abstraction and recursion. On the way, you have visited some
- slightly eccentric ways of representing numbers in Lisp which, though
- really of historical interest only, do force you to sharpen up your
- programming skills. Gradually, a mental tool box is built up containing
- procedures for selecting, removing, counting, substituting and reversing
- elements in lists. The inner workings of the interpreter, ‘The Scheme
- Machine’, are explained in chapter 5.
- 6.4
- The machine analogy is explored further in chapter 6 and the problems of
- handling infinitely large objects in chapter 7. As a finale, a game is
- developed in the last chapter which embraces topics like artificial
- intelligence and object-oriented programming.
- 6.4
- Scheme seems to me to be one of the best kept secrets of the computing
- world. This implementation is inexpensive and, though not multitasking,
- can be entered from the desktop and cleanly exits back to it. It is
- hoped that a RISC-OS compliant version will be released during 1993
- though the cost will be slightly higher. This will enable Scheme to run
- at the same time as other applications and allow code to be dragged into
- a Scheme window and compiled. At present, there do not seem to be any
- plans for a version which enables the user to create, close or resize
- windows from Scheme, though the Macintosh version allows this to be
- done.
- 6.4
- I have learned a lot from my experiences with Scheme. Even when
- programming in Basic, it has forced me to ask questions like, ‘If I
- store data in this way, how much of the code which accesses this data
- will I have to rewrite if I decide I want to store my data in a
- different way?’ My appreciation of the virtues of a highly consistent
- syntax, with few exceptions, has made me more critical of other
- languages to which I have access. It has also made me realise just how
- much code I have to write which has nothing to do with expressing how I
- want the data to be operated on (my model) but is necessary just to tell
- the machine how to do it. I think I’m a better programmer for having
- taken the time to study Scheme.
- 6.4
- It has also left me with a profound sense of despair. When I was
- involved in education, I consoled myself with the notion that, for all
- its faults, the A level system produced students who were much better
- educated than a High School student in the USA, where the EdScheme
- package has its origins. Yet Scheme seems to have made a negligible
- impact in this country, probably because those who control education
- believe that so long as we can produce GKOs (pronounced Geckos) −
- Glorified Keyboard Operators − everything will be all right. With that
- in mind, the decision has been taken to ignore the discipline of
- programming and concentrate on IT − whatever that is. I think we are
- making a big mistake.
- 6.4
- EDScheme is available from Lambda Publications at a cost of £60 plus
- £2.50 p&p. A 300 page copyable Resources Pack and a Teacher’s Guide is
- also available at additional cost.
- 6.4
- Les May, Rochdale. A
- 6.4
- Comment Column
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- Spacetech
- 6.4
- From 6.3 page 32
- 6.4
- ICS
- 6.4
- From 6.3 page 39
- 6.4
- Creating Signs and Printing Posters
- 6.4
- Tord Eriksson
- 6.4
- There are many ways of printing a drawing bigger than the paper your
- printer can handle − at least three offerings from 4Mation, two from Oak
- Solutions and one from Ian Copestake.
- 6.4
- Three in 4Mation
- 6.4
- All the 4Mation printer routines are fairly similar whether it is
- Poster, Vector or DrawPrint you are using (DrawPrint is part of the
- Chameleon 2.00 package, the version with fountain fills − upgrades are
- £12.50 from 4Mation.)
- 6.4
- If using DrawPrint, you simply drop the drawfile on the DrawPrint icon,
- in Vector you use the printer setup menu and in Poster you just select
- print − after a couple of seconds’ hesitation, you get a miniview of the
- file in question with the paper size plotted on top of the drawing. You
- simply click over the parts of the drawing you are not interested in and
- off you go. To access the menu you press <menu> over the iconbar icon or
- by dragging a drawfile on to it (See Oak below!).
- 6.4
- Overlap and butt marks are optionally available in Poster and DrawPrint
- and printout speed is very similar. Both prints 4Mation’s compressed
- drawfiles, Poster files and, of course, normal drawfiles.
- 6.4
- Vector’s printer routines naturally handle the effects unique to it
- (such as Radiate) excellently. Most of the time it works as well as the
- others but at times it seems hesitant to start printing. (I have no
- explanation for this!)
- 6.4
- DrawPrint, again!
- 6.4
- Unfortunately, one of the products from Oak is also called DrawPrint.
- (This led to some misunderstanding between Paul and me!) It uses exactly
- the same icon and behaves in a similar manner. The Oak offering does not
- have the option of overlap marks, nor can you cross out those parts you
- are not interested in, something I missed because it is a waste of time
- and paper to print blank pages!
- 6.4
- Page size is either selected from a short list of A sizes (A0 to A3),
- printer page size or custom. The menu is accessed by either clicking
- <select> on the iconbar icon or by dropping a drawfile onto it.
- 6.4
- There are two more utilities on this disc, called DrawPrint&Plot, a
- plotting program and a font manipulator similar to FontFX (more about
- these later!).
- 6.4
- Placard from Ian Copestake
- 6.4
- Placard comes with a typically flimsy Copestake manual, (like an English
- newspaper which lacks staples or glue to hold it together) but it is
- well laid out and contains all the necessary information.
- 6.4
- In contrast to those above, you cannot click to choose what areas to
- print or not to print, you activate “Numbers” and each paper, that makes
- up the full poster, will get a little number. These numbers are then
- included in a list, so if you want to print out papers 1, 2, 3 and 6,
- you just fill those numbers in: “1, 2, 3, 6” of you could write “1-3, 6”
- or “1-3 6” − it doesn’t matter.
- 6.4
- Mr J. McCartney of Shifnal has written to me, via Archive, and said that
- Placard does not like DrawPlus files. I haven’t used Draw for a couple
- of years, but I have had no trouble with DrawPlus files (my version of
- DrawPlus is 2.10). Even Vector files work flawlessly (Vector is 1.00
- presently), if saved in Draw format. Has anyone else had problems? If
- so, check that you have the latest versions of DrawPlus and Placard.
- 6.4
- The information Placard writes on the overlap areas (the name of the
- drawing, page number and other useful information like “Attach to page
- 12”) is not available on the 4Mation offerings. It is quite useful at
- times but it takes some time to do it. This information can be reduced
- to a minimum by changing the settings.
- 6.4
- First round
- 6.4
- The DrawPrint utility from 4Mation wins − it has few thrills and is easy
- to use, even without a manual. The advantage with Oak’s DrawPrint is
- that it can handle just about any size of page and that you can choose
- the size of the final print at printing time. Nice!
- 6.4
- Placard seems to be designed with schools in mind and the program is a
- bit of an overkill for normal use. It also crashed Impression when
- started up together with both DrawPrints. (Stupid of me, I know, but I
- prefer well-behaved software that doesn’t ruin my reviews!)
- 6.4
- 4Mation’s ‘clicking’ method for choosing which pages to skip is much
- easier than the Placard method − it took me ten tries to realise that I
- had to click on the Numbers icon before I could enter any numbers!
- 6.4
- DrawPlot and ArcSign
- 6.4
- These two utilities from Oak Solutions, that comes free with DrawPrint
- (confusing isn’t it?) are gems in their own right.
- 6.4
- Does not plot dotted lines
- 6.4
- First the plotter driver: This will work with almost any plotter that
- understands HPGL commands, no matter if it is serial, parallel or on
- your network. Again, you can set the size of the finished work and you
- can set a number of options as you wish: Filled text, outline text,
- filled areas, page orientation, pen speed, origin, which pen to use and
- its width and colour and so on.
- 6.4
- In short, it is a very competent program that can reproduce almost
- everything in a drawfile, except dotted lines and text in columns.
- 6.4
- Create signs
- 6.4
- ArcSign, according to the iconbar info box, “creates signs”. Well, so
- does Poster and this is certainly not as powerful a program as that.
- FontFX is the program that comes to my mind, and this little utility
- manhandles text in a similar fashion, setting it in circles or in
- straight lines, etc.
- 6.4
- However, there is one improvement over FontFX that I first came across
- in ArtWorks and that I immediately took to heart. Computer Concepts call
- it the perspective tool. This is an instant moulding tool that works by
- making the four corners of the selected area individually movable, the
- draw object being distorted in the process. An example explains it
- better − let’s start with a leaning and rotated text:
- 6.4
- By just moving the four corners of the selected area you can get this:
- 6.4
- It couldn’t be much easier. There are two restrictions to this program:
- It only accepts around fifty fonts (each variation, such as bold or
- italic, counts as one font) and it gets stuck when you clear the drawing
- window with “Delete All” − it always leave one object on the board!
- Otherwise, you have to reboot the utility to continue. Hopefully, this
- will be corrected in later versions (1.00 tested).
- 6.4
- Final round
- 6.4
- There is no clear winner, as usual. For schools, Poster is the natural
- choice, as it is very helpful in telling you in which order you should
- assemble your poster from your printed pages. Vector produces equally
- good results, except for gigantic prints, as there is no custom size
- option.
- 6.4
- 4Mation’s Chameleon with DrawPrint, and Oak’s DrawPrint&Plot with
- ArcSign, both cost less than £40 and the printer drivers are fairly
- similar. For the user of plotters there have been few available plotter
- drivers (GammaPlot and Super-Plot come to mind) and they all cost around
- £40, so you could say you get DrawPrint and the excellent ArcSign
- absolutely free when you buy Oak’s DrawPlot.
- 6.4
- For those without plotters, I would recommend either of the DrawPrint
- utilities, ArcSign and Chameleon are both very good programs.
- 6.4
- P.S.
- 6.4
- In my last review, I promised to answer any letters but said that SAEs
- (Self-Addressed Envelopes) would help. I didn’t mean they should have
- Swedish stamps on them! (I always assumed that SAE stood for Stamped
- Addressed Envelope − but perhaps I’m wrong. Ed.)
- 6.4
- Yours, from overseas: Tord Eriksson, Övralidsg. 25:5, S-422 47 Hisings
- Backa, Sweden. A
- 6.4
- Angled and rotated text is as easy as it is with FontFX − if not easier!
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- By manipulating the selected area box, many unusual effects can be
- obtained very quickly! This one took less than a minute!
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- This gives some idea of ArcSign in action. The primary menu looks quite
- like FontFX’s, the additional Options menu is, like the program, simple
- but does a very competent job. The selected area with its unusual
- operation is visible immediately below.
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- ArcSimp − Simulation Software
- 6.4
- Jochen Konietzko
- 6.4
- What it’s not ...
- 6.4
- As a physics teacher, I still use my old BBC Model B just for one
- purpose: To run the classic simulation package Dynamic Modelling System.
- So, when I heard about ArcSimp, I hoped that it would turn out to be
- something like a desktop version of DMS. I couldn’t have been more
- wrong.
- 6.4
- ... and what it is
- 6.4
- ArcSimp can do the same things as DMS − and lots more − but its approach
- is radically different. What it does is simulate an analogue computer.
- 6.4
- The program needs 480 Kb of RAM and, when you run it (from floppy or
- hard disk) by double clicking and then clicking again on the iconbar,
- you will see two windows, the main and the tool window. The latter gives
- you a choice (in version 1.52) of 33 modules which can be combined in
- the main window through ‘drag and drop’.
- 6.4
- The modules range from elementary ones like Sine and Integrator to very
- complex and wholly mysterious ones which were, I am told, written to the
- specifications of ArcSimp users and then included in the general
- library.
- 6.4
- Here the manual should spring into action but, unfortunately, it doesn’t
- even hop!
- 6.4
- It starts by addressing readers who have never heard of control systems
- and simulations (there is an example of someone who tries to keep the
- light at his desk just right for reading throughout the day and night).
- The physical handling of the various elements of the program is then
- described quite clearly but the rest of the manual simply consists of a
- list of modules (called function blocks), with descriptions such as:
- 6.4
- Sample −
- 6.4
- Input I1 & I2
- 6.4
- Output −
- 6.4
- I1 when I2 was last + ve, ELSE zero.
- 6.4
- ArcSimp is obviously aimed more at university people who deal with
- differential equations, analogue computers and the like all the time,
- rather than at school teachers. Small simulations (like the motion of a
- pendulum) are very easy to achieve but, for anything else, a thorough
- knowledge of such things as Laplace transformations and Bessel equations
- is indispensable.
- 6.4
- A very basic example will show how ArcSimp operates − see the window
- below.
- 6.4
- In the main window (upper left) are the actors − two ‘sine’ function
- blocks. The properties of each function block (here amplitude, frequency
- and phase) are defined, and then one decides how to link them and which
- blocks to display.
- 6.4
- In this example, the sine and cosine functions draw their graphs and
- give their values in the lower half of the picture. I have squared both
- functions and added up the results. This gives the straight line in the
- lower left (sin2x + cos2x = 1).
- 6.4
- In addition, there is the graphics window on the right, where a small
- ‘wheel’ has been told to take its horizontal movement from the sine, its
- vertical movement from the cosine. This causes the wheel to move in a
- circle around the point which I have placed at the center of the
- movement and then linked to the wheel with a ‘rubber band’.
- 6.4
- Limitations
- 6.4
- Models can be as complex as the programmer can make them; the only
- limits are available RAM and time. (Each function block needs about 640
- bytes and takes 0.4 milliseconds to run on an ARM3 which means that, on
- an 8 Mb computer, roughly 1000 blocks could be connected but, a single
- result would then take about half a second to compute (yawn!). Typical
- simulations are said to contain about 100 blocks.
- 6.4
- Price
- 6.4
- ArcSimp is produced by Mijas Software and costs £50. There is also a
- demo version − restricted to 10 blocks − for £5, refundable when you buy
- the full version.
- 6.4
- Conclusion
- 6.4
- ArcSimp is extremely powerful, yet (as far as the handling of the
- software is concerned) very easy to use. If you have the necessary
- mathematical knowledge, I can highly recommend it. If you don’t, but are
- still interested, it might pay to have a look first at some relevant
- literature, such as ‘Modern Control Theory and Application’ by
- S.Shinners. A
- 6.4
- Mijas say that the manual will be improved, in later releases, by adding
- more pictorial explanation. They have also done some tidying up of the
- Wimp interface to make it more user-friendly. Ed.
- 6.4
- Display Technology
- 6.4
- Roger Spooner
- 6.4
- The Archimedes is generally a good computer system. Unfortunately, it
- has been condemned by an old-fashioned video display system. This
- article discusses what is wrong with the current system, what other
- people use and what could be done instead.
- 6.4
- There are a few graphics enhancers available for the Archimedes. These
- fill various market niches but it would require a major effort from
- Acorn to bring the graphics quality up to something ‘good’.
- 6.4
- The Good Old Days
- 6.4
- On the BBC micro, the screen memory was the same as the main computer
- memory. This meant that the higher resolution graphics that were used,
- the less memory was available for programs and data. In fact, up to 20Kb
- of its 32Kb was used for the screen display. For each of the 163,840
- pixels, there was one binary bit of memory which indicated whether it
- was to be colour 0 or colour 1. A video chip, the 6845, in combination
- with a palette chip, converted the 1’s and 0’s into the colours on the
- screen, like black and white, or blue and cyan. The image was not
- compressed because it was accessed so fast. The memory was also faster
- than the processor, so the video chip took the image from memory on the
- ‘off beat’ of the clock, and the processor only accessed it on the ‘on
- beat’. Thus they could both run at full speed and the only problem was
- the lack of total memory.
- 6.4
- 1987
- 6.4
- With the release of the Archimedes in 1987, there was plenty of memory
- (between 512Kb and 4Mb) and the same resolutions were used. Thus, 20Kb
- was an insignificant amount but could be used to store an adequate image
- in the same way. More modes were also designed which used up to 320Kb of
- memory in the same way. These, and those which we can’t have, are the
- ones causing the problems.
- 6.4
- Unfortunately, with the Archimedes, the processor is as fast as the
- memory, so whenever the video system wants access to it, it has to hold
- up the processor and perform DMA; Direct Memory Access. This means that
- the more bytes used for the screen, the less time is available for the
- processor. This can, sadly, get quite serious.
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- The processor shares memory with the video system on the Archimedes.
- 6.4
- Eating up bandwidth
- 6.4
- It seems that in mode 21, the all-singing all-dancing mode with
- 640×512×256 (X×Y×Cols), you end up consuming 77% of the processor time
- just displaying the screen. In other words, the processor is denied
- access to the memory for 77% of the time, and it just has to wait. This,
- combined with the increased number of bytes which have to be altered to
- display something of a certain size on the screen (e.g. clearing the
- screen which uses 320Kb) means that things go much slower. (This applies
- to the ARM2, but with the ARM3’s onboard cache, there is a lot less
- speed loss. Ed.)
- 6.4
- Dual port memory
- 6.4
- To avoid holding up the processor with video memory accessing, it is
- possible to use ‘dual-port’ memory. This has the advantage that the
- processor can still write to the screen memory using all of its power
- and might, and the video system can read as much as it likes without
- affecting the processor bandwidth. The second port of the memory is
- read-only and it must be read in sequential order (not random access).
- This causes no problem for display systems.
- 6.4
- The remaining problem is that the main processor is still having to
- write to the entire memory array, so to clear the screen, it may consume
- large fractions of a second (1/10th perhaps) and thus delay other
- operations which may be going on (like thrashing the hard disc).
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- Dual port memory allows access to some of the memory by two devices.
- 6.4
- Even further away
- 6.4
- The solution to this is to keep the video image in a different memory
- bank, accessed through a video processor. Thus, to draw a line on the
- screen (regardless of the resolution), the central processor (CPU) says,
- ‘Draw a line from here to here’, by sending a message. The CPU then
- proceeds immediately with its work and the video system works out which
- bytes of its own memory have to be altered to perform the operation. Its
- memory will also be dual port because there is no point in slowing it
- down unnecessarily. Thus, the CPU simply issues a request for a graphic
- operation and is otherwise completely unbothered by the screen.
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- A video processor takes almost all the weight off the CPU.
- 6.4
- There is a slight problem with displaying sprites; these involve large
- chunks of memory and are therefore somewhat unwieldy to send. This can
- be solved by leaving it in the main memory and telling the video system
- ‘There is a graphic command for you at this address in main memory’. The
- video processor then looks there, finds the coordinates of the line, the
- whole sprite, or whatever, and plots it at its own speed. It gets it
- from memory using DMA so as not to trouble the CPU as much.
- 6.4
- Colour
- 6.4
- The other problem hitting us, other than the ever-falling amount of
- processor time, is the lack of colours. This is easily solved by using a
- better video chip; one which can take three bytes (well, more often
- four) and can turn this into a signal for each of the red, green and
- blue monitor guns to provide a precise 24 bit colour. The fourth byte is
- either ignored or used as a transparency mask for genlocking. This
- method allows for any of the 16 million colours to be used as there is
- no palette to restrict it. The technique does, of course, use more
- memory than we have available now but that is easily solved.
- 6.4
- Alternatively, a palette can be maintained for 256 entries. This would
- use the same amount of memory as is currently available, but you (or the
- software) would be able to choose which colours you had. This does exist
- now in the PCATS Graphics Enhancer, amongst others, (which I reviewed in
- Archive 6.2 p68) but it is not popularly supported and it still can’t do
- lots of pixels.
- 6.4
- What else is available?
- 6.4
- At the top of the heap is Silicon Graphics, selling workstations whose
- processors are in boxes bigger than the one your whole computer came in,
- and which sell for about £60,000. These have 1280×1024×16M screens which
- can (with an unknown amount of extra software), do full anti-aliasing of
- the whole screen. This means not just the text but everything visible. I
- saw it doing a wireframe model at about 2 frames per second in this
- anti-aliased mode and the pixels were totally invisible. It could also
- do normal images at about 100 frames per second.
- 6.4
- Typical good X-window workstations have 1024×768 screens with a full
- palette of 256 from 16M colours. Some cost as much as £5,000. (Mind you,
- I gather that there are now PCs available that now offer 1024×768 with a
- full palette at around £1,000. Ed)
- 6.4
- What’s the problem?
- 6.4
- Of course, all this costs money and circuit board area. The computer
- companies are not keen on using equipment which may cost literally
- dozens of pounds to attain this quality.
- 6.4
- Well, it would be a major effort to include this sort of technology but
- it is commonly available in the Unix workstation market. We are
- currently stuck with a real problem; Archimedes users can have neither
- colour nor resolution which are up to modern standards.
- 6.4
- G8Plus Graphics Card
- 6.4
- Mike Hobart
- 6.4
- When I bought an A310 for my laboratory about five years ago, it was the
- fastest machine around for any sensible price (and had next-to-no useful
- software). I believed that it was pretty clear that such a powerful
- platform would attract good software writers but there was a strong
- feeling among the lemmings (sorry, my colleagues) that maybe we should
- have bought a PC instead, so we paid extra for a Mk I NEC Multisync
- monitor because that, at least, would be useful for any alternative
- computer. The PC never happened, but Impression, Artworks, Pipedream,
- DrawPlus and Vector all did. So did a SCSI drive, extra memory and RISC-
- OS 2 and the programs multitasked. And the wonderful, fast machine got
- slower − so we bought an ARM3. Then we bought a VIDC enhancer and the
- screens were big and beautiful − and the machine got slower again. If
- this sounds familiar, help is at hand in the form of two (at least)
- competing graphics enhancer cards.
- 6.4
- What they do and roughly how
- 6.4
- Both the G8 series of cards from State Machine and the ColourCard from
- Computer Concepts make a copy into their own RAM of the screen memory
- which, on the Archimedes itself, is used to feed the VIDC. The chips on
- the cards then process the contents of their RAM into analogue signals
- for the monitor. Both cards have the ability to use a wide variety of
- palettes, produce 256 grey levels on screen, to refresh the screen at a
- high rate which eliminates flicker and to do so without making extra
- demands on the main memory bus. I have the G8Plus, not the Colour Card
- so I won’t try to compare them but just give you my views of the G8Plus.
- 6.4
- The benefits
- 6.4
- As you will have gathered, the benefits are high screen resolution
- modes, a wider range of palettes than VIDC can support, high refresh
- rates and a reduced demand on the data bus. The VIDC is clocked to only
- 25 frames per second and this completely rejuvenates the computer’s
- performance. The display really is superb and rock-steady, and the new
- palettes are a bonus. The effects on sound production of reclocking VIDC
- with an enhancer are eliminated.
- 6.4
- The package
- 6.4
- The G8Plus card seems well-made, densely packed with modern-looking
- surface-mount ICs. Even the ROM bearing the software has a couple of
- tiny ICs lurking beneath − so take care with your software upgrades! I
- have had one, so I can vouch for the efficacy of registering your
- ownership. State Machine obviously mean to provide continuing support.
- The G8Plus card sports two external connectors: 9-pin (standard
- Archimedes) and 15-pin D. Also supplied is a ring-bound manual,
- registration card and the genlock lead. It was all heroically well-
- packed!
- 6.4
- Installation
- 6.4
- You require RISC-OS 3.1 and a slot on a backplane. It is hard to imagine
- that owners of standard resolution monitors will benefit from these
- cards unless they want the palettes. If you own a very old machine, the
- genlock connector on the motherboard will need to be completed with an
- IDC header, so serious soldering skills will be required. Thereafter,
- installation is simple enough, just involving attaching a flying lead to
- the genlock, and some rune typing at the command line. It helps if you
- have a copy of your monitor’s instruction book so that you can choose
- the right parameters without too much experimentation.
- 6.4
- The software (version 1.3) installs itself in the Resources filing
- system, popping up when you click on the Apps icon of RISC-OS 3. It
- offers choosers for resolution (see screenshot) and for palettes.
- 6.4
- The manual is very clear, if obviously not written by English scholars.
- It has a very informative introductory section on the principles of the
- device.
- 6.4
- In my case, there were some hassles with installation, and I can commend
- State Machine’s helpful telephone advice. The problem was a poor
- connection on the genlock (“my” end), leading to some dramatically
- repulsive palettes.
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- Limitations
- 6.4
- RISC-OS 3 supports 24 bit colour descriptions but also only allows a
- maximum of 480Kb for screen memory. Consequently, there is the inevit
- able trade-off between number of pixels to be displayed and the
- precision of the colour information for each. Then there is a whole
- science of actually rendering the colours on screen and, even worse, on
- paper. Make no mistake, true 24 bit colour on screen is expensive and
- the G8Plus card is a compromise tailored to reality. Games enthusiasts
- will probably be worse-off with a card, as many use standard TV modes,
- and some may do “naughty” things.
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- Conclusion
- 6.4
- If you have a similar history to mine of paying for presentation
- performance with diminished speed performance, or if you need good sound
- as well as vision, or better palettes including 256 greys or to say
- “goodbye” to screen flicker, then you have a choice: purchase a graphics
- card (two or three to choose from) or await the hypothetical “new
- machine” whose (?) VIDC20 was covered in last month’s Archive. Either
- G8Plus or ColourCard will cost £249+VAT (or £280 through Archive) and
- are now available. The new machine will cost ???? and be available ????
- (I heard a rumour that it would have a 60MHz Inmos RISC processor in it
- to drive the graphics controller as well as, obviously, an ARM-
- something-or-other as the main processor.) I suspect that most of us
- will covet but not afford. A
- 6.4
- CC’s ColourCard
- 6.4
- Charles Moir
- 6.4
- Charles Moir of Computer Concepts has very kindly written a rather more
- technical explanation of how the CC graphics card works...
- 6.4
- The ColourCard graphics enhancer works by indirectly mapping the VIDC
- video memory into another off-board 512Kb video frame store. The
- important point about this is that the video memory still appears to be
- memory-mapped into the ARM address space so that existing software will
- work unchanged.
- 6.4
- (In my view, graphics boards that do not offer memory-mapped solutions
- are not going to be practical since a large amount of the OS and
- application code has been written assuming direct access to video
- memory. If a graphics board has its own memory, not addressable by the
- ARM, all the OS graphics code and a number of existing applications
- would have to be re-written to run on another processor. Even if this
- other processor were an ARM, it would still be impractical since so much
- code, i.e. the font manager, sprite module, draw module and kernel
- graphics, expect to use other OS facilities such as memory management.)
- 6.4
- The main limitations of the current VIDC are that (a) it does not offer
- high enough resolutions − it is not clocked fast enough for that, (b) it
- does not offer a fully programmable palette (in the days of VIDC design
- it was too expensive to implement the 768 byte look-up tables on chip)
- and (c) it does not support dual-ported video memory. This last point
- means that, at the higher resolution modes, the VIDC needs to read so
- much memory, so quickly, that it has to hold up the main processor
- memory accesses. This is more important with an ARM2, but even with an
- ARM3, you can’t help but notice that, for example, mode 28 runs rather
- slower than mode 27. Lastly, it does not offer true colour screen modes
- such as 15 or 24 bits-per-pixel.
- 6.4
- The ColourCard overcomes all these restrictions. It uses an Inmos video
- controller that can be clocked close to 100MHz (compared with 36MHz for
- newer VIDCs). This chip also offers a fully programmable palette for the
- 256 colour modes so that each of the 256 colours can be selected from
- 16.8 million, and it offers support for 15bpp true colour screen modes
- where each pixel can be one of 32,000 possible colours.
- 6.4
- By clocking the video controller at such high rates, it is possible to
- offer very high resolution video modes such as 1152×848 or, more
- conventionally, 1024×768 with 16 colours, and it can do so at flicker-
- free refresh rates of 65Hz or more. Since RISC-OS works just as well in
- 2:1 aspect ratio screen modes, such as mode 12, we can offer a resolu
- tion of 1600×600 pixels in 16 colours for an absolutely huge desktop −
- this has to be seen and experienced to know what a difference this makes
- to the Archimedes). (Amen to that! I’m using 1600×600 to edit this
- article and lay out the magazine and it’s wonderful! Ed.) The maximum
- 256 colour resolutions possible with this amount of video memory are
- 800×600 pixels or 1152×424 pixels. Since the palette of colours is fully
- programmable, all 256 colours can be set, for example, to levels of grey
- which is perfect for working with greyscale scanned images.
- 6.4
- Lastly, and visually most impressive, are the true colour screen modes.
- Two of the true colour modes offer resolutions of 576×424 or 800×304
- pixels. They are called true colour modes since there is no palette
- involved, the values stored in each pixel directly control the colour −
- five bits for each primary R, G and B − making a total of 32,768
- different shades. True photographic quality colour images are possible.
- 6.4
- Unfortunately, the desktop doesn’t yet work in 15bpp screen modes.
- However, Acorn and Computer Concepts are working on this. In the
- meantime, it’s easy to access the modes from Basic or your own programs
- and software can be written to take advantage of the modes. For example,
- we supply a simple preview utility called !Clearly for use with Clear-
- file 24-bit images. A new version of ArtWorks is soon to appear that
- offers full-screen true-colour preview in the 15bpp modes. (I have seen
- some of these images displayed on my T560iT and they are absolutely
- stunning. Ed.)
- 6.4
- While some high end graphics systems offer 24 bits per pixel displays,
- it is my belief that the advantages of the extra colours are easily
- outweighed by the disadvantages. It may seem strange but 24 bpp modes
- usually require twice the memory of 15bpp modes. 24 bpp modes nearly
- always use one word (4 bytes) per pixel instead of two for 15 bpp. They
- just use three bytes and throw one byte away. This means that, for a
- given amount of video memory, 24bpp modes would be half the resolution
- of 15bpp modes, or twice as much memory would be needed for the same
- resolution, which costs twice as much and takes longer to update.
- Lastly, by dithering 15bpp modes, it is possible to produce images that
- are visually indistinguishable from 24 bpp ones. If you’ve seen some of
- the example PhotoCD images we supply with the ColourCard, you’ll agree
- it’s difficult to imagine better quality.
- 6.4
- The ColourCard dramatically reduces the load put on the Archimedes
- memory and so increases the speed of the computer. (To be more accurate
- it doesn’t decrease the computer speed at the higher resolutions but the
- net effect is the same.) Using a little-known feature of the Genlock
- connector on the computer pcb, it is possible to copy the VIDC memory
- across to the ColourCard video memory. By copying the data across far
- more slowly than the normal VIDC requirements, the bandwidth loss is
- reduced. In fact, the ColourCard updates only around 12 times a second.
- In normal use, this is hardly noticeable, since updating the screen a
- dozen times a second is still plenty fast enough to give all the
- necessary visual feedback when, say, typing text into a word processor.
- (Don’t confuse the screen update speed with the screen refresh rate. The
- ColourCard refreshes the screen at 60Hz or more, so you don’t get any
- flicker.)
- 6.4
- The only drawback of updating the screen contents 12 times a second is
- that it is not really sensible to run animation software (e.g. Replay)
- in ColourCard modes. There is a straight trade-off between update speed
- and computer speed. The faster you update the screen the slower the
- computer runs.
- 6.4
- Lastly, the ColourCard offers a video pass-through. This means that,
- when not in one of the ColourCard modes, it passes the video signal
- straight through from the standard Acorn video output to the monitor.
- This guarantees compatibility with all software − even naughty software
- that controls VIDC directly. Without video pass-through, it would be
- either necessary to emulate all Acorn screen modes (not easy) or
- disconnect the monitor every time you changed modes. A
- 6.4
- ColourCard versus G8Plus
- 6.4
- Paul Beverley
- 6.4
- Finally, here are Paul Beverley’s first impressions of CC’s ColourCard
- and the State Machine G8Plus for general DTP work. (We have asked Neil
- Whiteley-Bolton to look at the cards from the point of view of someone
- doing colour printing work.)
- 6.4
- Most of the advantages of the ColourCard that Charles has described
- apply to the State Machine G8Plus so I will just concentrate on the
- differences between the two rather than raving on about the advantages
- of both. Are they worth £249 +VAT or £280 through Archive? (Both are the
- same price and both are available through Archive.) Let me put it this
- way, if they were twice the price, I would still have bought one for my
- own use. (I am not saying at this stage which one I have chosen to use.)
- 6.4
- Video switching
- 6.4
- As Charles has said, the ColourCard switches automatically between the
- Archimedes’ own video output and that from the new controller. This is
- done by taking the video output via a short cable into the back of the
- ColourCard. The other socket on the card is the output signal that goes
- to the monitor.
- 6.4
- The G8Plus card ignores the Acorn output and generates its own output
- for all the modes − the Acorn ones as well as the new ones. This,
- according to State Machine, provides a potential improvement in quality
- because the signal does not have to go through an electronic video
- switch. I have no way of assessing whether this is at all significant −
- to my eye, the signal looked pretty good on both cards. One practical
- difference, though, is that with the CC card, the final output going to
- the monitor is provided on a 15-pin socket. Users of the older machines
- (A300/400/540) will therefore have to get a 9-15 pin adaptor but CC
- offer one free of charge if you send off the voucher that comes with the
- card. The G8Plus has two sockets on the back, 9-pin and 15-pin, so you
- just use whichever is appropriate.
- 6.4
- Another difference relating to the video-switching is that, as Charles
- said, without switching, you have to simulate all the Acorn modes as
- well as the new modes. On some monitors, this can actually be an
- advantage. On my T560iT, modes 12 and 15 come out as a ‘letter-box’
- modes − the maximum attainable height is less than half the full height
- of the screen. With the G8Plus, this has been re-programmed so that I
- get an almost full-screen display. However, it does mean that ‘naughty’
- software that accesses the VIDC directly will not work on the G8 card.
- Unfortunately, this doesn’t only apply to games even some ‘professional’
- packages such as Cable News use direct VIDC access.
- 6.4
- 15 bpp colour
- 6.4
- Another difference is that the ColourCard offers 15 bpp colour modes but
- these do not work in the desktop − you have to use special software.
- When I started talking to CC and State Machine about the relative merits
- and de-merits of this, I rapidly got out of my depth and decided I would
- leave it to Neil Whiteley-Bolton. All I will say is that both companies
- were able to produce some absolutely stunning demonstrations of colour
- pictures on their respective cards. Very impressive, but not relevant
- for the kind of DTP work that I do.
- 6.4
- Speed
- 6.4
- The G8Plus updates the screen about 25 times a second instead of 12½ as
- with the ColourCard. This means that, on an ARM3 machine, the processing
- speed will be reduced by about 2−3% (State Machine’s figures) compared
- to the ColourCard. With an ARM2, the reduction is about 10%. Funnily
- enough, in actual use, I prefer the G8Plus. The reason is that, with the
- ColourCard, I am rather more aware of the screen update, e.g. moving a
- window across the screen gives more visible ‘tearing’ of the image, so
- it feels slower even though it is actually slightly faster. This is
- obviously a subjective view.
- 6.4
- (CC say that they can re-program their card to update at 25 times a
- second and will offer that as an option if people prefer it.)
- 6.4
- Setting up
- 6.4
- When setting up the two systems, I had a few problems with the Colour
- Card − though this should now be documented so that those who try it
- later will find it easier. My T560iT, needs a VIDCmode module (now on
- Careware 18, thanks to Atomwide) to make it work properly with any of
- the Archimedes computers. Also, both State Machine and CC have had
- problems (now solved) with these newer Eizo monitors. CC have provided a
- special modes module on disc that will make it work properly. Unfor
- tunately, it took me quite a lot of messing about before I discovered
- that, because it uses the normal Acorn modes, (a) you have to continue
- to use your existing VIDCmodes software, (b) the VIDCmodes module has to
- be fired up by your boot file before the ColourCard modes software and
- (c) you have to configure ‘mode’ to a standard Acorn mode, say 27, even
- if you want to configure ‘wimpmode’ to one of the new modes. Otherwise,
- it starts in a new mode using the ROM module but then refuses to load
- the new CC module from disc because it is already in a CC mode.
- 6.4
- The relevant section of my boot file looks like:
- 6.4
- Run <Obey$Dir>.VIDC.T550iT
- 6.4
- Run <Obey$Dir>.CC.Eizo560
- 6.4
- Configure WimpMode 117
- 6.4
- Configure Mode 27
- 6.4
- Mode selection
- 6.4
- Both cards come with an application that provides a way of selecting
- modes from a table showing the resolution and number of colours. They
- are very similar in the way that they operate except that the G8 one is
- in ROM so it is always available via the Apps directory. Although it is
- an advantage to have it in ROM, it does mean that updates, should they
- be needed, would involve a ROM upgrade.
- 6.4
- One thing to watch with the G8 application is that it mentions, for
- example, a 1600×1200 mode. However, if you look, it says on the window
- that it is the “Logical Resolution”. This means that 2:1 pixel modes
- (marked by an oblong in the selection window of both manufacturer’s
- applications) have a physical resolution of half what it says in the
- vertical direction. CC have chosen, instead, to quote actual resolution
- on their selection table rather than logical resolution.
- 6.4
- One neat trick that CC have done with their mode selection program is
- that by clicking the icon on the iconbar in different ways, you can
- switch between different numbers of colours at the same resolution. This
- is very helpful in applications like Artworks where, for speed, you
- might work in a lower colour mode, switching to more colours for the
- occasional preview or colour check.
- 6.4
- As you may have guessed, I have chosen to use the G8 Plus rather than
- the ColourCard though it was a close-run thing. Whichever one you
- choose, I don’t think you will be disappointed. If you are interested
- mainly in the colour side of these new cards, it may be worth waiting
- for Neil Whiteley-Bolton’s comments. A
- 6.4
- (I’m not basically disagreeing with what Roger says, but don’t you think
- that the VIDC20 mentioned last month (pp 35−38) bodes well for the
- future? Ed.) A
- 6.4
- Aliped
- 6.4
- Alan Highet
- 6.4
- Aliped, £14.95 from Dabs Press or £14 through Archive, is a graphics
- adventure played on a sideways scrolling screen where you play the part
- of wing-footed Aliped roaming the castle to find the antidote to the
- spell which prevents you marrying princess Natasha.
- 6.4
- The scrolling area takes up a quarter-screen area in the centre of the
- screen and is surrounded by the control area consisting of thirteen
- icons. Clicking on these with the <menu> button allows you to load or
- save a game or leave the game entirely. The other ten icons control the
- actual play.
- 6.4
- To progress through the game, you have to collect various keys and
- objects which will all help you. To pick these items up you can use your
- <select> or <adjust> mouse buttons which mimic Aliped’s left or right
- hands, each of which can be chosen to throw, drop, pick up or activate
- an item. Obviously, there are more than two items to use so you also
- have a backpack which enables you to store items when they are not in
- use and also enables you to swap hands.
- 6.4
- The mouse is used exclusively to move around the board although control
- is also possible with the keyboard. The controls take some getting used
- to but enable a quick passage around the board. When using the keyboard,
- changing the use of the hands can be achieved using the function keys, a
- point not mentioned in the instructions.
- 6.4
- Good mapping is of the essence as there is a lots of backtracking
- required to negotiate your way around the castle and the screens all
- look the same although the room name is displayed at the top of the
- screen.
- 6.4
- You have five days to accomplish your task (in fact, you can save and
- load a game five times) and after that you have to start again.
- 6.4
- I have to say that although the graphics are good, and clever use is
- made of stereo sound to guide you around, I didn’t find the game had
- what it takes to hold my interest and even with the solution in front of
- me, I found it difficult to reach the end. A
- 6.4
- Saloon Cars Deluxe and Extra Courses
- 6.4
- Martin Thorpe
- 6.4
- This article is a review of the deluxe version of Saloon Cars, and the
- associated Extra Courses Volume 1. Both of the programs were written by
- Andy Swain for the Fourth Dimension.
- 6.4
- The programs are supplied in a video case-style box containing various
- pictures of the game in action. The box claims compatibility with all
- Acorn RISC-OS computers and the ability to use a hard disk, ARM3 and 2Mb
- of memory. Two features carried over from the old program, to quote the
- box, are an inability to provide a realistic simulation of a full time
- office job and the lack of a coffee-making facility. Fortunately,
- neither of these prove to be disastrous failings.
- 6.4
- I ran Saloon Cars Deluxe and the extra courses on an Archimedes A540
- (running a pre-release version of RISC-OS 3) and an Archimedes A440 (old
- model) with ARM3. Both of the computers have Eizo multiscan monitors
- with scanning ranges similar to the Taxan 795, and SCSI hard disks. The
- hard disk installation program coped perfectly with both hard disks.
- 6.4
- Having installed the game on the hard disk, I double-clicked on the
- !Saloon icon. The copy-protection system asked me for the original Disk
- 1, which I found to be a slight annoyance. Remember to save any work you
- have on the desktop, as the only way I could find of quitting Saloon
- Cars Deluxe was to press <ctrl-break>.
- 6.4
- The game introduces itself by showing a view from the inside of a lorry
- similar to those used by the Formula 1 teams, as the rear door/ramp
- opens. If enough memory is available for the 2Mb version, the car
- proceeds to drive out of the lorry and away down the race track. The
- loading screen appears to have been pre-generated and, unfortunately,
- the loading screen car graphics are not as good as those in the actual
- game.
- 6.4
- (The manual states that the 2Mb version will be loaded automatically if
- there is enough memory. I found that I had to drag the Task Manager
- ‘Next’ slot up to at least 1536Kb to use the 2Mb version.)
- 6.4
- Pressing any key loads the game. The player file which was last in use
- is loaded, or the !Automatic file is loaded if there are no player
- files. The race track picture is shown briefly and then the main menu is
- displayed. It would be nice to be able to study the track picture at
- length at this point, as you can when loading a new track from the
- course menu.
- 6.4
- The first option is ‘Demo Mode’. The first time I selected this option,
- I was rewarded with a corrupted display. This was due to my using VGA-
- compatible display modes on the monitors, and Saloon Cars suspension
- system, which bounces the display about! I was able to produce a
- replacement mode 13 module which will make Saloon Cars work on any
- multiscan monitor (including the Taxan 795). This module is on this
- month’s magazine disk, with instructions for use.
- 6.4
- Having loaded the replacement mode 13 and Saloon Cars, I selected the
- Demo Mode again. This produced a demonstration of Saloon Cars. Unlike
- some demonstration options, the demo driver in Saloon Cars is quite
- good. You can return to the main menu from the track at any time by
- pressing <Q> and <F12>.
- 6.4
- The next option is ‘Race Menu’. Selecting this option provides four
- options and a return to the Main Menu. ‘Solo Practice’ puts you on the
- start grid of your selected track, as the only car. This gives you an
- opportunity to struggle around the track, free from any other cars
- intent on running you off the road.
- 6.4
- ‘Normal Practice’ lets you practice on the track with other cars. In
- Normal Practice, you start in the pits and must drive out onto the
- track.
- 6.4
- ‘Race’ puts you in for the qualifying sessions of the race. This is
- achieved by selecting ‘Enter Race’. ‘Hot Tweaks’ allows you to modify
- the car’s brakes, clutch, engine, gearbox and tyres.
- 6.4
- ‘Tune Gears’ has the same effect as ‘Hot Tweaking’ the gearbox. It
- allows you to change the gear ratios, as described in the manual.
- 6.4
- The third option on the Main Menu is ‘Player Menu’. This allows you to
- create new player files, and to change the various names and nicknames.
- 6.4
- The fourth option, ‘Course Menu’, lets you select a new course, load a
- course disk and see the best four lap times for the selected course.
- 6.4
- The ‘Money’ option lets you hire a new mechanic, perform the ‘Hot
- Tweaks’ described above or buy a new car, customising it as you go. Be
- warned − buying a new car is an expensive business.
- 6.4
- The ‘Control Menu’ lets you select how the car is controlled − mouse,
- keyboard, joystick or a steering wheel and three pedals described in the
- manual. The DIY wheel and pedals should provide the most realistic
- control, especially with the throttle control. I did all my testing
- using the mouse.
- 6.4
- Driving
- 6.4
- As in any car, the first thing to do is start the engine. This is
- accomplished by holding down <S> for several seconds. The car starts in
- neutral, so select Drive (the default car is an automatic) by pressing
- <D>. Release the handbrake with <H> and apply the throttle. The best
- advice I can give is to use the practice track and potter around the
- track for several laps getting the hang of the controls. I would suggest
- you then proceed to Silverstone and enjoy some of the long straights and
- tight bends. If you have a violent impact, your head moves forwards,
- hits the steering wheel and blood goes everywhere − if that happens, you
- know you’re dead!
- 6.4
- When (if) you feel confident enough to race, select the Normal Practice
- option and get used to driving with other cars. Then you can enter a
- race and qualify in as high a position as possible.
- 6.4
- When driving, you can use as much throttle as you like on straight
- sections but do as the Formula 1 drivers do and enter the bends on the
- outside, aim at the inside point of the track and continue to the
- outside.
- 6.4
- This line reduces skidding to a minimum. If you want to overtake, try to
- place the other driver on the inside of the track, then accelerate past
- him on the ideal line, forcing him to slow down.
- 6.4
- Saloon Cars takes a great deal of practice but I wasn’t able to get very
- far in the time available for the review. Despite this, I was extremely
- impressed with both the gameplay and the finish of the product. The
- graphics in the game are excellent and the sound adds atmosphere to the
- game. It is a great improvement over the original program.
- 6.4
- I would like to see Saloon Cars modified to be compatible with multiscan
- monitors. This could be achieved by doubling the VIDC clock rate and
- updating the screen every 2 frames (i.e. having two WAIT commands
- instead of one.)
- 6.4
- The Fourth Dimension is promising a Formula 1 simulation which will
- integrate with Saloon Cars. This should be available later this year and
- if it is anything like Saloon Cars Deluxe, it should be extremely good.
- 6.4
- Extra Courses Volume 1
- 6.4
- The Extra Courses Volume 1 disk provides simulations of Donnington Park,
- Oulton Park and a Seaside track, to add to the simulations of Silver
- stone and Brands Hatch. These add greatly to the enjoyment of Saloon
- Cars Deluxe and provide for a more varied racing season.
- 6.4
- I would like to see simulations of some of the continental racing
- circuits such as Monaco and Indianapolis. Perhaps some of the more
- popular circuits will be supplied with the Formula 1 upgrade. How about
- it, Fourth Dimension?
- 6.4
- Saloon Cars Deluxe costs £34.95 (an upgrade is available from 4th
- Dimension for the original version), and the Extra Courses are £19.95.
- Both of these are well worth the money! (Archive prices are £32 and £18
- respectively.) A
- 6.4
- 2067 BC
- 6.4
- Alan Highet
- 6.4
- After a couple of average opening screens and a nice piece of music, the
- start of the game has you controlling a cute pterodactyl called Terrance
- who flies around the prehistoric landscape carrying out various
- missions.
- 6.4
- There are eight levels and the first has three missions, as does the
- second, and in between are bonus levels helping you to amass points.
- 6.4
- Terrance starts with a certain amount of energy and a finite amount of
- time to complete each mission but these aren’t his only enemies as there
- are a host of flying insects and birds all intent on seeing his demise.
- Along with that there are volcanoes shooting lava, caves dripping lava,
- spear throwing cavemen and even flying fish! However, Terrance isn’t
- completely helpless as he can pick up various items such as rocks and
- drop them on his assailants. This takes some practice as all the objects
- follow gravitational law and so, if you are moving when you release the
- object, it will continue in flight for a short time before heading
- earthwards. If the aim is true, the insect or bird will fall to the
- ground leaving something behind. In most cases this will be a treasure
- which, if swallowed, increases your score and elicits a ‘Lovely!’ vocal
- response from Terrance but beware − occasionally, a bottle of poison is
- left which is obviously fatal.
- 6.4
- The controls are easy and simple, letting you travel left and right and
- flap your wings which makes you rise. The only way to go down is to stop
- flapping (what else!) and, again, gravity is mimicked so a delay occurs
- before Terrance heads down. The only other keys are to let you pick up
- and drop objects and to enter the passages between levels.
- 6.4
- Make sure you try picking up other things as they are all useful at some
- point. The graphics are good with parallax scrolling adding realism and
- smooth sprite movement. The sound effects are minimal but are right for
- the game, adding to its playability without becoming annoying. All the
- puzzles are quite logical and the sense of humour is good throughout the
- game. I won’t reveal too much but after solving the pulley problem, take
- a look at the bushes at the start of level 1, mission three. It’s also
- worth playing the game every day as the graphics aren’t always the same
- especially around the end of December. The later levels do not have any
- special missions but there a lot of problems to get past, if you want to
- finish the game.
- 6.4
- Overall, I liked the game which starts off at a fairly simple level and
- the difficulty increases steadily making it very playable. There are
- password facilities for all levels and my only real criticism is that
- the game reloads after you have been killed and it does take some time
- although the copy I used would run from a hard disc, or a ram disc,
- which speeds it up.
- 6.4
- As to its longevity, some friends came to stay for the weekend and their
- son, Dominic, spent almost the whole weekend playing the game and when
- he was called, the reply was always ‘Just one more go!’ so I think that
- says it all.
- 6.4
- 2067 BC costs £16.95 (no VAT) from Oregan Developments. A
- 6.4
- Artworks Column
- 6.4
- Michael Carter
- 6.4
- Welcome to the start of what is hoped will be a regular new Archive
- column, devoted to Computer Concepts’ Artworks, the new ‘graphics
- illustrator program for the Archimedes’.
- 6.4
- I don’t know whether there will be a need for a column, but as with all
- regular columns within Archive, it depends on your contributions to make
- it successful.
- 6.4
- Ideally, the column will (1) provide a forum for the exchange of ‘hints
- and tips’ to enable all users to obtain the maximum productivity from
- Artworks, (2) maintain a ‘help line’ to enable users to overcome
- problems, (3) describe drawing styles and techniques using the variety
- of tools and (4) discuss the pitfalls and joys of colour printing.
- 6.4
- (To save magazine space, in future I’ll use AW for Artworks and CC for
- Computer Concepts.)
- 6.4
- Getting started
- 6.4
- One of the initial hurdles, for many people, is to justify purchasing
- what must be one of the more expensive software packages for the Acorn
- machines. For at £180 (from N.C.S.) one has to dig deep. Commercial
- organisations, on the other hand, will wonder why it’s so cheap,
- considering the veritable cornucopia of tools which the AW package
- contains. Wherever you fit in, if you need to produce illustrations, AW
- will be more than powerful enough, yet it is easy enough to ‘get
- started’ − although I say that with some reservations which I will
- mention later.
- 6.4
- Hardware
- 6.4
- The hardware platform used will have serious repercussions on your
- budget. 2Mb of RAM is CC’s quoted minimum. I have found that even 4 Mb
- is a squeeze especially when using other programs, such as Impression.
- Floppy disc systems can work, but with major reservations (see below). A
- multisync monitor is essential, not just for clarity of the drawing, but
- to read the text CC use in the info bar alone. I did use a standard
- monitor to test AW, but my eyes suffered horribly as a result. Anyway
- the EC’s January 1993 directives make standard monitors obsolete!
- 6.4
- Artwork’s program suite
- 6.4
- Upon opening the AW box, you are confronted with two program discs, five
- discs of artwork, eight discs of RISC-OS 2 fonts, three manuals, a
- dongle and a dangle. All the fonts and AW itself are compressed. The
- programs and utilities supplied are:
- 6.4
- • !Artworks − the drawing program
- 6.4
- • !ConvPrint − PostScript to AW text importer
- 6.4
- • !FlipTop − screen mode change utility
- 6.4
- • !NewModes − larger screen modes
- 6.4
- • !System − new system modules
- 6.4
- • !FontInst − Font decompressor & installer
- 6.4
- • ProcessPal − screen palette
- 6.4
- • Five discs of example artwork
- 6.4
- Most are self-explanatory, others will be discussed another time, but
- three items need some thought. The AW package is a huge suite of
- programs and data. Some thought is also necessary on how it can be set
- up on your system, what fonts you should use and the learning curve
- involved.
- 6.4
- Where to put it?
- 6.4
- The easiest part was using AW decompressor program which, once given the
- details of where AW files and modules were to end up, just got on with
- it. On a hard disc, it is very slick!
- 6.4
- The AW program itself is 704Kb in size. As CC state, you may remove some
- modules from the program to save disc space. Even so,where does one put
- all the fonts?!?
- 6.4
- Fonts
- 6.4
- The fonts are a huge problem area. AW comes with 220 fonts. Many are
- headline fonts, as one would expect. In total, uncompressed, we are
- talking of 6Mb of disc space, just for these. With all the other fonts
- available, the sheer number of fonts is beginning to get difficult to
- organise. Added to this there is a severe problem with the Font Manager.
- It cannot cache more than 250 font variants at any one time. Some
- programs set an upper limit of 255 fonts, some behave themselves and
- ignore any extras but others do unspeakable things − even crashing the
- computer!
- 6.4
- CC do say that it is undesirable to have all these fonts on your hard
- disc. Having said that, I loath the thought of hunting through floppies
- just to find a particular font and, on a network, this would be very
- tiresome.
- 6.4
- !FontInst
- 6.4
- In a valiant effort to find a solution, CC have supplied !FontInst. The
- idea in theory is that, for any given document, you transfer the
- compressed fonts to a new font directory and use it as normal. Another
- document may require a different set. You modify the font directory to
- suit, deleting those not required. Simple? I’m afraid not.
- 6.4
- Most programs, if they load a document and cannot find the font
- required, change it to some base default (Trinity or Corpus). To return
- the document fonts, it may be necessary to reload the complete program
- and data file.
- 6.4
- So how does one avoid this? One method is to have the Drawing data and
- required Fonts together on a floppy or removable hard disc. (I can see
- removable hard discs becoming even more popular.)
- 6.4
- Another method is to have a separate note of a document’s fonts and
- fiddle with the font directory, making sure other programs do not crash
- through doing so. A far from elegant solution. (Where is Roger Spooner?
- I’m sure he would have a solution! Ed.)
- 6.4
- Where to put the fonts?
- 6.4
- My solution ignores CC’s advice − I’ve put the AW fonts onto a hard
- disc, along with others, grouped in styles. They are compressed using
- ArcFS as this normally resides on my iconbar. I re-compressed the fonts,
- placed the font archive inside the Font directory and then altered the
- Font !Run file to open the archive and then add the fonts to the
- FontList as required. With each document, I save a text ReadMe file
- listing the fonts used. I can then read this before loading any new
- document and add any necessary fonts to the FontList.
- 6.4
- Unfortunately, floppy-disc-based users are going to find it less and
- less practical to use modern software like AW and multiple fonts without
- much disc swapping. Hard discs are no longer a luxury but more of a
- necessity − just witness the huge size of programs in the PC world, e.g.
- 2.6Mb for Deluxe Animation alone − and Acorn software and data is
- beginning to follow this trend. I would suggest that it is well nigh
- impossible to run AW from floppy disc.
- 6.4
- The learning curve
- 6.4
- Other articles have described AW but little has been offered about how
- quickly one may start drawing. I read with interest reviewer Neil
- Whiteley-Bolton (Archive 6.1 p35) stating that within half an hour he
- was doing productive work. I would like to suggest that for many,
- including employees of commercial organisations, that is rather an over-
- simplification.
- 6.4
- The day after I received my AW package, I sat down with the computer on,
- manuals in my lap (sorry EC but it’s too heavy for my copyholder) and
- plenty of tea. It took me one working day to set up AW on the hard disc
- and to go through the manual. Yes I know, I could have started drawing
- sooner, but with a package as comprehensive as AW, I reckon it’s time
- well spent in the long run.
- 6.4
- In a commercial environment, the time I took would be quite acceptable
- and realistic. A large time factor was reorganising the hard disc to
- hold the fonts. Students will, of course, not have organisation problems
- and it should take supple minds only a short while to understand AW’s
- fundamentals.
- 6.4
- Finally, it’s over to you
- 6.4
- To make the Artworks Column work, we need items from readers with
- experience of various aspects of AW. Let us know how you manage your
- fonts. Someone, somewhere must have the answer. (How about it Acorn, why
- only 250?!)
- 6.4
- Have you discovered something which we could all benefit from, then let
- us know, so that your pearls of wisdom can be passed on. A one line
- comment or a page full, it makes no difference − please share it with
- others. Remember it may be obvious to you, but not others. Just look
- back through past issues of Archive to see what I mean.
- 6.4
- My opinion!
- 6.4
- AW is just the tool Acorn graphic illustrators have been patiently
- waiting for. Am I happy with it? Yes! From an artist’s point of view CC
- have created a highly intuitive program which makes the creation of
- artwork for publishing and others areas, a pleasure. What’s your
- opinion? A
- 6.4
- (Since Michael started work on this column, he has had an accident and
- injured his back. Hope you are soon back on your feet again, Michael.
- The result of this is that he is not able to continue doing the column.
- Is there anyone who would be able to take up the mantle? It would
- involve collating ideas and suggestions and producing a column,
- hopefully monthly, to pass on the information gained. Give me a ring if
- you are interested. Ed.)
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- PipeLine
- 6.4
- Gerald Fitton
- 6.4
- This month, we have a couple of requests for help, some home spun
- philosophy and printing PipeDream (and other) files with the new RISC-
- OS 3.10 printer drivers. There’s plenty here for you even if you don’t
- have PipeDream so, this month at least, you won’t be disappointed.
- 6.4
- The future
- 6.4
- Paul Beverley has asked me “Wither PipeLine? Is it going to become Pipe-
- Wordz?” The quick answer is “Yes!” but I’m not sure I want to change the
- name of my column from PipeLine to Pipe-Wordz yet. The reason is that I
- don’t know the names of the other members of the Wordz family and, when
- I do, Pipe-Wordz might be inappropriate!
- 6.4
- Regular readers of this column will be used to seeing a little home-spun
- philosophy tucked away here and there. From your letters, I see that
- several of you empathise with the sentiment I expressed in last month’s
- Archive, “my favourite package begins to look dated just as soon as I
- begin to feel that I’ve mastered it.” Although I was referring to
- exporting my data files from Impression to Wordz, my correspondents seem
- more interested to know how they will benefit if they export their files
- from PipeDream to Wordz! I suppose I ought to have thought of that − but
- I’ve just got used to PipeDream, so the idea that I might want to use
- something better instead (the Wordz family) came as a shock!
- 6.4
- I suppose that, when I work it out, although I have invested time in
- getting to know PipeDream, and many of you will have invested money, the
- truth is that nothing, not even PipeDream 4, is forever. My consolation
- is, as I’ve said before in this column, that the data contained within
- my Wordwise files have been useful to me long after I stopped using a
- BBC B (or Master) and long after I stopped using Wordwise. Why? Because
- I was able to export the data to PipeDream on the Archimedes. I need the
- information in those data files whatever new package I decide to use in
- future.
- 6.4
- When I work it out, I discover that, when costed in any reasonable way,
- the time and effort which I put into the creation of those data files −
- say handouts for students − that notional cost far exceeds the value of
- the package and even the hardware. I remember saying to a company I was
- advising about ten years ago that the hardware and software they had
- just bought became obsolescent the day it was installed − but that what
- they will still be using in ten years time (on a new machine with new
- software) is the data which they were about to start entering into that
- obsolescent system. What would be important to them was to be able get
- the data out and into the next system! (Actually, their system was so
- non-standard that, five years later, it was going to cost more to get
- the data out than to install a new system!) Your comments about
- exporting data files from PipeDream to the Wordz family (together with
- Paul Beverley’s “Whither PipeLine?”) have brought home to me my own
- prejudice towards using PipeDream for ever!
- 6.4
- So, whither PipeLine? I hope that, in this PipeLine column we can help
- each other to export files from Impression, from 1stWordPlus, from
- Graphics Writer, from EasiWriter and even from PipeDream into the family
- of Wordz packages and then learn how to get the best out of your
- investment in such an ‘upgrade’. Nevertheless, I have a sentimental
- attachment to PipeDream and I don’t want to abandon it!
- 6.4
- Compression
- 6.4
- In answer to many letters, let me assure you that PipeDream files can be
- put through Compression; however, it’s hardly worth it. PipeDream files
- are compressed by PipeDream and trying to compress them further won’t
- have a lot of effect. I think that Compression is fairly intelligent and
- doesn’t attempt to compress files which might finish up longer than they
- started.
- 6.4
- Draw to Paint
- 6.4
- Why have I been asked how to convert drawfiles to sprites so many times
- this last month? My reply has been “Load the drawfile and then use the
- Snapshot utility from Paint (or use ScreenGrab)”. You can always trim a
- Paint file by using the Paint tool called Copy (it looks like a camera)
- with the Export option enabled. Save the portion of the sprite you want
- to keep to a directory window.
- 6.4
- Football
- 6.4
- Philip Tolhurst’s daughter is a keen supporter of Tottenham Hotspur. He
- has created a database of the matches played in the Premier League and
- now wants to use the results from the individual matches to create a
- ‘hot linked’ league table. For example, one of his records reads across
- five columns of a row:
- 6.4
- Date Home Team Away Team
- 6.4
- 15 Aug 1992 Arsenal 2
- Norwich City 2
- 6.4
- What Philip wants is to use these rows of results to create a standard
- league table (as shown in many newspapers) with matches played, won,
- drawn and lost as well as goals for and against with a final column for
- points. He wants the league table ‘hot linked’ so that, as extra match
- results are typed in, the league table is updated automatically.
- 6.4
- If you are interested (even if unable to help) then Philip is most
- willing to let you have a disc copy of his version of the database.
- Please contact him at 29 High Street, Lode, Cambridge, CB5 9EW.
- 6.4
- DataBase
- 6.4
- Roger King has written to me with a problem which involves changing the
- format of a database. He has a number of records in a format similar to
- the one below (four columns) with one record per row:
- 6.4
- Col A Col B Col C Col D
- 6.4
- What he wants to do is to change it to a format which uses two rows per
- record but with only three columns:
- 6.4
- Col A Col B Col D
- 6.4
- Col C
- 6.4
- Roger does not want to type all the records again but wants way of
- transferring the data from his ‘old’ database to the new one. I have a
- very messy solution which uses a lot of memory using the index(,,)
- function. We would welcome a simpler solution. Please write to me if you
- have any ideas.
- 6.4
- PipeDream and RISC-OS 3.10
- 6.4
- All versions of PipeDream 4 and all but the earliest versions of
- PipeDream 3 are totally compatible with RISC-OS 3.10. In fact,
- PipeDream 4 works ‘better’ (faster, more smoothly, etc) with RISC-
- OS 3.10 than with RISC-OS 2. I strongly recommend anyone who has not
- upgraded to RISC-OS 3.10 to send £50.00 to NCS at the Archive address
- and get one as soon as possible. (They are now actually in stock. Ed.)
- 6.4
- Date function − @D@
- 6.4
- Have you just fitted RISC-OS 3.10 and found that the date function, @D@,
- of PipeDream now returns a date in April or May 1994? We’ve received a
- lot of correspondence about this, as have Colton Software. One corre
- spondent writes, “I’ve changed the date using !Alarm, from Basic, from
- the command line and directly into the CMOS RAM but I can’t get @D@ to
- give the correct date!”.
- 6.4
- There is a simple answer. When you install RISC-OS 3.10 you must execute
- a ‘Power on <delete>’ to clean up the CMOS RAM. If you do this, the @D@
- problem will be solved. (To execute a ‘Power on <delete>’, hold down the
- <delete> key whilst switching on the computer. Make sure that you
- continue to hold down the <delete> key until all activity has ceased −
- don’t be tempted to release the <delete> key too soon.)
- 6.4
- It’s no good trying to use the !Configure utility to save your con
- figuration settings because when you reload them after a ‘Power on
- <delete>’ exactly the same (inappropriate) CMOS settings are restored.
- To obtain a permanent solution you have to execute the ‘Power on
- <delete>’ and then use *Configure from the command line or the
- !Configure utility, section by section, to restore your desired *Status.
- 6.4
- Printing problems
- 6.4
- Many correspondents are having problems printing PipeDream files using
- the new RISC-OS 3.10 drivers. A common one is the ejection of a blank
- page after every correctly printed page. The usual advice is to shorten
- the page using Edit paper size. Although this does cure the problems of
- some there are still those for whom it does not. I have received a
- letter from someone who had tried everything (so he said!) without
- success. Then, since all else had failed, he decided to read the
- installation notes! He had not executed a ‘Power on <delete>’; he did so
- and his blank page problem went away! (If only people would read the
- manuals, it really would save a lot of grief for us too − the Technical
- Help Service would be far less well used! Ed.)
- 6.4
- Others are not so lucky. However, I have sent to some of you who have a
- laser printer which emulates the HP LaserJet, copies of my LasJet-II
- PrntDefn file and my !Printers file (containing my Paper size defini
- tions). For some, using my files has solved their printing problems.
- 6.4
- One more hint. Try printing a PipeDream file without the Impression
- dongle. If removing the dongle solves your problem (after a ‘Power on
- <delete>, etc) then get in touch with Computer Concepts. It did help one
- of my correspondents − he received a replacement dongle by return!
- 6.4
- On the Archive monthly disc, you will find my files in the PipeLine
- directory. You can also obtain them by writing to me at the Abacus
- Training address enclosing a blank formatted disc, an address label and
- return postage.
- 6.4
- The KX-P1124 printer
- 6.4
- My laser printer PrntDefn files will not work with a dot matrix printer
- but I can send you a disc copy of Ian Williamson’s files (send me a
- disc, etc). He recounts his story in the following paragraphs which I
- include here as an example of problems arising from trying to set up the
- RISC-OS 3.10 !Printers package to print PipeDream (and other) files. I
- include my own comments in square brackets.
- 6.4
- Introduction
- 6.4
- I have recently fitted RISC-OS 3.10 to my A410 and had considerable
- difficulty setting up the printer driver so that my Panasonic KX-P1124
- printer would print and advance correctly to the top of form, with 12
- inch fanfold paper. The printer was either stopping short or ejecting
- nearly a whole extra page.
- 6.4
- This article describes my experience and how correct printing was
- eventually achieved. To the expert, I may be exposing my ignorance and I
- am shamefaced about the time I wasted and the number of trees I have
- destroyed trying to sort out the problem. My only consolation is that I
- heard that others have had similar problems, including Gerald. Hope
- fully, this article may help those who are still struggling.
- Incidentally, I had also heard that there may be bug(s) in the printer
- driver code; whilst that may or may not be true, I cannot use that as an
- excuse for my problems because I eventually got my printer to print
- correctly and I have resolved to read the User Guide very carefully in
- future.
- 6.4
- PrintEdit
- 6.4
- Despite the large number of printer drivers in the Printers directory on
- the App 2 disc, would you believe there was nothing for Panasonic
- printers! The Panasonic KX-P1124 is compatible with the Epson LQ-2500,
- which was not in the App2.$.Printers.Epson directory but apparently is a
- sub-set of Epson LQ-860 colour. I did not know that when I started, and
- I was at first confused by the colour modes, but I chose to produce my
- own printer driver based on Epson LQ-860 colour.
- 6.4
- Having double clicked on the file icon, I was pleased at the ease with
- which I could find my way around the editing windows. The instructions
- on PrintEdit in the Acorn Applications Guide were easy to follow. First,
- I changed the printer description, class, type etc, and then went
- through each of the graphics modes in turn and switched off the colour
- options.
- 6.4
- Out of interest, I had a look at the printer escape sequence (Acorn
- calls them Dump strings) for both text and graphics modes. Apart from
- the fact that I could not understand some of the graphics mode dump
- strings or, to be more accurate, reconcile some with the printer manual,
- I was puzzled that I could not find escape sequences for either Set or
- Release skip perforation, in either text or graphics mode. I thought
- this would be important because I use 12 inch fanfold paper and have my
- KX-P1124 set up so that it skips perforation. As it happens, this is
- crucial − but more of this later.
- 6.4
- I saved the printer definition, file name KX-P1124, with the original
- paper X and Y offsets.
- 6.4
- !Printers
- 6.4
- Having loaded !Printers, I dragged the printer definition into the
- Printer control window and the printer icon changed from grey to
- glorious technicolor with the name KX-P1124. I clicked <menu> on the
- icon and selected Edit paper sizes. At this point I repeated what I had
- successfully done with PrinterDM. Thus I set up paper name User with the
- following dimensions:
- 6.4
- Paper size: Width 210mm, Height 279.4mm
- 6.4
- Graphics margin: Top 2mm, Bottom 0mm
- 6.4
- Text margin: Height 66 lines, Top 2 lines, Bottom 2 lines
- 6.4
- (I have not quoted the left and right margins here because they are not
- pertinent to the problems I had been experiencing or to this article.) I
- am using 12 inch fanfold paper which is 210.0 × 304.8 mm, (8.27 × 12
- inch), and have set my KX-P1124 to skip perforation (1 inch), which is
- why I had set up the paper height to 279.4 mm (11 inch). Likewise, I had
- set the text height to be 66 lines.
- 6.4
- I selected OK on paper sizes. Next I clicked <menu> on the printer icon,
- selected Configure and selected Paper User, 180 by 180 dpi resolution,
- and Mono, small halftone quality, and then clicked on OK. Finally, I
- saved my choices via the printers icon menu.
- 6.4
- The next time I double clicked on !Printers, I was pleased to see an
- icon with the name KX-P1124 and the paper size I had saved. That was the
- easy part, my troubles started when I tried printing.
- 6.4
- Printing from within PipeDream
- 6.4
- I had done all the obvious things, loaded my RISC-OS printer driver onto
- the iconbar, and from within PipeDream set the Printer config Printer
- type to RISC-OS, and clicked on OK. When I printed a page of text in
- 14 pt Trinity, part of the page was missing and the printer stopped
- about an inch short of the top of form position. I increased the paper
- size and was then horrified when text was printed over the perforation
- and the printer ejected an extra page. I was startled because I had
- successfully printed it several times before with !PrinterDM (on RISC-
- OS 2).
- 6.4
- Incidentally, I was also rather distressed that it now took far longer
- to print than before, despite the fact that I had fitted ARM3 and
- increased the memory to 4 Mb RAM at the same time as fitting RISC-
- OS 3.10. I had also upgraded to PipeDream 4. Thus it seemed as though I
- had spent a lot of money to get grossly degraded performance and was not
- best pleased.
- 6.4
- (I eventually sorted this out and have achieved quicker printing than
- before the upgrade, but not dramatically! The other thing I resolved was
- that in future I would fit only one new item at a time, otherwise there
- is too much to learn at once and too many chances of getting something
- wrong.)
- 6.4
- Draw
- 6.4
- In desperation, I phoned Colton Software and Robert Macmillan suggested
- I use Draw to sort out the setting of the printer, since it would show
- the limits of the paper chosen. He suggested I draw a rectangle and
- start with a paper size much smaller than used, then change the paper
- size, margins and offsets to see what happens. As it happens I chose to
- use DrawPlus because it can show the X and Y coordinates.
- 6.4
- Initially, I tried printing a square from within DrawPlus but found it
- took such a long time to print that I decided just to draw a line at the
- top and bottom of the page. That certainly speeded things up, but I
- still wasted hours and piles of paper! [I use a file I have called
- Rectangle which is included on the Archive monthly disc. Also I used 75
- dpi for speed. GLF]
- 6.4
- I experimented with Y offset, paper size and graphic margins: I kept a
- note of all the values, including the positions of the lines at the top
- and bottom of the page in DrawPlus. After printing each page, I measured
- the positions of the lines at the top and bottom of the page, and the
- position of the paper relative to cutting edge. The printer either
- stopped short by between 8 mm and 25 mm, or ejected the paper by
- approximately 250 mm. I could detect no correlation between any of the
- settings and the distance that the paper stopped short or overshot. 8 mm
- was workable but not good enough, so I tried to gradually reduce the
- shortfall and then suddenly it would overshoot; what was most dis
- concerting was that I could not get it to repeat the previous 8 mm
- shortfall, despite resetting the computer.
- 6.4
- Problems printing text files
- 6.4
- At this point, I decided to look at the ReadMe file in the
- Printers.Epson directory on the App 2 disc and loaded it into Edit and
- pressed <print> to get a hard copy. Although I had come to expect
- problems with graphics printouts I was startled to find that there
- appeared to be a problem with page lengths and offsets in the text mode
- as well.
- 6.4
- After experimenting with different paper sizes, I concluded that
- !Printers disables the skip perforation command of the printer, although
- I could find no reference to that in either the User Guide or, as I
- explained above, by examining the list of escape sequences in the
- Printer definition editor. I found that the physical paper length had to
- correspond exactly with Height in the Paper size box, and the Height in
- number of lines in the text margins box.
- 6.4
- Y offset
- 6.4
- I had measured the Y offset using Top_Left in accordance with Acorn’s
- instructions and found it to be between 9.5 − 9.8 mm. I had previously
- set this value in the Paper Y offset box in the Printer definition
- editor. Incidentally, I had found that the Y offset value that was
- actually saved was of the order of 0.07 mm less than I had put into the
- box: there seemed to be some rounding (to number of points?) but I never
- worked out what was happening.
- 6.4
- On the Panasonic KX-P1124, there is the facility to advance the paper
- exactly to the perforation to enable it to be torn perfectly; this means
- that printer head is at the top of form position. The consequence of
- this is that the Y offset value measured by Top_Left gives misleading
- (irrelevant?) information. Setting this value in the Paper Y offset box
- shifted all the printing down the page by that amount. This is what I
- would have expected, but I understand Gerald Fitton has the opposite
- effect with his LasJet-II. [Yes, I confirm that with my laser printer
- the effect is in the opposite direction. GLF]
- 6.4
- That is not necessary with the KX-P1124, so I decided to reduce the
- value drastically: but because of a comment from Gerald Fitton that
- unpredictable things happen with a zero offset, I chose to set the Y
- offset to be equal to one dot pitch, 0.14 mm vertical. Again, after
- saving this value, on reloading the Printer definition file into the
- editor I found that the Y offset had actually been saved as 0.07 mm.
- 6.4
- My printer definition file, KX-P1124, is included on the Archive monthly
- disc. Instructions for loading it into the Printer control window are
- given in the ReadMe file.
- 6.4
- With this printer definition, I set up the following values for 12 inch
- (fanfold): Paper height to 304.8 mm, Text height to 72 lines and the Top
- and Bottom text margins 0 and 6 lines respectively. This gave a full
- page printout with a skip over the perforation in the right place.
- 6.4
- Correct graphics printing
- 6.4
- At this point, I noticed that the RISC-OS User Guide p.73 states that
- the Text height is used to tell the printer how long the paper is for
- both text and graphics printing. This point was hidden in the section
- headed Text margins and there is no mention of it in the section headed
- Graphics margins: I had originally skipped this section because I was
- not interested in printing text with the RISC-OS printer driver.
- 6.4
- As mentioned above, I had already set the Paper height to 304.8 mm and
- Text height to 72 lines for 12 inch (fanfold) paper, and I set up the
- graphics margins and the DrawPlus file as follows:
- 6.4
- Paper Y offset: 0.07mm, Paper Height: 304.80mm
- 6.4
- Graphics margin: Top 0.40mm, Bottom: 25.00mm
- 6.4
- Draw file Top: 304.00mm, Bottom: 28.00mm
- 6.4
- After printing, the paper advanced correctly to top of form! The Top
- Graphics margin was set to 0.4 mm, again to have a small value, but also
- to enable the Bottom Graphics margin to be set to 25 mm to approximate
- the 1 inch skip perforation. It worked perfectly!
- 6.4
- My paper settings for 12 inch (fanfold) paper are given in the Paper
- definition file, PaperRW, included on the monthly disc. It should be
- copied into the !Printers application directory viewer before loading
- Printers; instructions are given in the ReadMe file on the disc.
- 6.4
- Printing from within PipeDream
- 6.4
- After all this, I was delighted and relieved that printing a Text_font
- file from PipeDream with the RISC-OS printer driver worked perfectly. I
- was also delighted to find that, with the margins I had chosen,
- PipeDream works out the page length at 66 lines with 10 pt font size and
- a 12 pt line height. I wanted to have the ability to print documents
- with this font size and get the same page layout as when using PipeDream
- printer drivers and the KX-P1124 resident fonts; that way I could save
- time by draft printing.
- 6.4
- I have found that PipeDream does make use of the paper size graphics
- margin settings when printing with the RISC-OS printer type, and not
- only the paper offset values: this is at variance with what I believe
- Gerald Fitton has found with LasJet-II. [Correct. I find that the X and
- Y offsets are used by PipeDream. GLF]
- 6.4
- Conclusions
- 6.4
- You must set the paper height to the exact paper paper height. Also the
- text height in number of lines must correspond exactly with the paper
- height.
- 6.4
- !Printers cancels skip perforation if you have it set on your printer.
- Thus, to achieve the same effect as skip perforation, you must allow a
- large bottom margin for both text and graphics.
- 6.4
- Ignore the information given by Top_Left. This is because you are likely
- to have your printer set up with the top of form in line with the paper
- cutter (with fanfold paper in the KX-P1124 at least), and the printer
- starts printing immediately. Thus, set Y offset to a very small value
- e.g. 0.14 mm (this will save to 0.07 mm).
- 6.4
- Lessons I’ve learned the hard way
- 6.4
- Don’t try to do too much at once, i.e. only make one change to the
- hardware or software at any time.
- 6.4
- Read the User Guide very carefully and look for information in unlikely
- places. Don’t assume you know it all!
- 6.4
- Thanks Ian for sharing your experiences − I hope they will prove useful
- to others.
- 6.4
- Contacting PipeLine
- 6.4
- Although my telephone number is getting known to you (it is not
- published in Archive at my request), I would prefer you to write to me
- rather than telephone. The address is on the inside back cover of
- Archive. If you have something substantial then I would like a disc file
- with an example so that I can see exactly what it is you mean.
- 6.4
- You will generally get a reply within a day or two unless I am com
- pletely stuck. In those cases, I often send a copy of your disc to
- Colton Software for comment and advice. Please be patient. A
- 6.4
- The DTP Column
- 6.4
- Richard Else
- 6.4
- Following my review of hand-held scanners in Archive 5.12, I had hoped
- to be able to review two of Irlam’s colour scanners for this month’s DTP
- column. The company have offered to loan me the equipment in question,
- but despite a number of phone calls and letters, they have still not
- materialised. I will keep my fingers crossed that they will still
- appear, because interest in colour printing is certainly a developing
- area.
- 6.4
- Poster Review
- 6.4
- Back in Archive 3.11, there was a review of an early version of Poster
- (v1.02), and in the intervening two years, 4Mation have undertaken
- further development, so I thought it would be useful to look again at
- this innovative program. It seemed most beneficial to undertake a full
- review for those not familiar with it but have noted the main points of
- the recent upgrade (see insert) for existing users. This review is based
- on an A440, ARM3 and RISC-OS 3.
- 6.4
- I, and no doubt others, might have overlooked Poster under the misappre
- hension that it was a program allowing the printing of posters comprised
- of a series of smaller sheets. Indeed, I seem to recall the original
- advertising fostering this view but, in fact, this is just one of the
- many facilities provided by Poster.
- 6.4
- As with other 4Mation applications, the program needs to be initialised
- by typing your name or other identification and this is then embedded
- into the master disc, after which it can be freely copied onto hard
- discs, etc. Reflecting their educational background, all 4Mation
- products are priced to include a site licence.
- 6.4
- What do you get?
- 6.4
- The package comes on three discs with disc 1 containing the main
- program; two fonts; a set of moulds and paths (of which more later); a
- useful utility entitled NoFonts (which removes any fonts previously
- resident in the program) and for RISC-OS 2 users, there are System and
- System merge folders. Disc 2 contains an additional 18 fonts and over 20
- examples of borders in drawfile format, whilst disc 3 has additional
- examples of moulds and an extensive range of clipart ranging from
- symbols to animals. This wealth of pre-existing material, together with
- an excellent manual and a series of worksheets (which may be photocopied
- − presumably for school use) mean you can get Poster up and running with
- the minimum of fuss. You may wish to take 4Mation’s advice and not try
- everything at once!
- 6.4
- For new users, some familiarisation is necessary because whilst some of
- the menu dialogues look familiar from Draw (options of line colour,
- width, pattern, type of join etc), other choices are more usually found
- in text-based programs. What is fascinating is the way Poster (working
- in some instances alongside Draw) can handle text, sprites and bit-
- mapped images in a powerful way and also offer an unparalleled number of
- printing options. Much of Poster is based around paths and moulds: the
- former is a single line along which text can be made to flow; the latter
- is either two or four lines between which either text or objects are
- shaped. The mould option is a powerful one requiring some care in use
- (particularly in the way lines are created to form the mould), but the
- manual explains this very clearly with copious illustrations.
- 6.4
- What does Poster offer?
- 6.4
- Text may be created and edited within the program and there are a number
- of ways of doing this. For example, larger passages are best inserted
- with the text area option, where options exist to justify, set line
- spacing and, very usefully, define the number of columns. Text can also
- be made to follow any path or moulded into a variety of shapes;
- facilities are offered to justify, slant or add shadows. This so-called
- ‘plastic text’ has an alterable x:y ratio and may have its size or width
- adjusted to fit the full length of a path. You can, if necessary, hang
- the text below a line, print it back to front and/or upside down!
- 6.4
- Objects can also be made to follow paths or shaped by moulds. This
- sounds simple but can be used to produce some stylish effects. It is not
- easy to describe this in print but placing, say, a flower within an arc
- not only produces an exciting result, but this resultant image can be
- resized, rotated and moved with ease.
- 6.4
- Style is a concept used by Poster − it is an easy method of defining a
- number of parameters that include line width, colour, pattern and how
- those lines start and end. There are two particularly interesting
- features: any changes are shown instantly in a preview window and
- previous styles, even from other documents, can be retrieved and used
- again.
- 6.4
- Borders will be familiar to users of other DTP packages. These are
- stored in Draw format and 77 borders come with the package, covering
- almost all needs. It is possible to design your own and the manual
- provides detailed instructions. However, with commendable honesty, it
- does warn that this is a job requiring some patience and determination.
- 6.4
- Put it all together...
- 6.4
- That brief overview describes Poster’s main points but, as with other
- packages, it is the combination of facilities that often really
- impresses. How does Poster rate in this respect? Personally, I found
- that I needed to adjust to a program that handled both text and graphics
- with such ease. Once I had fully understood its scope in this respect,
- it became possible to produce a wide variety of interesting graphics.
- Initially, I was also worried that the program was only able design a
- single page, although it does have the enormous advantage of allowing
- the page to be virtually any size. Also, in fairness, the usual
- facilities of multiple views and document scaling are implemented. The
- most important factor, as far as I was concerned, was the ease of layout
- which makes it especially appropriate for newsletters and similar
- publications.
- 6.4
- First the bad news
- 6.4
- However, as might be expected, there also some niggles. For example, the
- width of text columns appeared to be defined not by a menu option, but
- by the amount text in the frame. (I was also worried about spelling when
- creating large blocks of text, but discovered that David Pilling’s Spell
- will work when entering all types of text.) Similarly, you can only
- check the positioning of boxes by counting up the grid squares − some
- form of measurement would have been helpful. With the mould facility,
- inexperienced users need to be careful about the order in which lines
- are drawn. The first time I tried a simple example, I drew the top line
- first with the following result:
- 6.4
- I then tried again drawing the bottom line first and achieved success:
- 6.4
- However, the package comes with over sixty existing moulds, so this will
- not trouble many users. Finally, and possibly most importantly for some
- prospective purchasers, Poster offers a number of facilities also
- present in other programs, so does it offer enough extra to justify its
- price tag of £104.58 (£95 through Archive)?
- 6.4
- And the good news...
- 6.4
- The answer, I think, is a virtually unqualified ‘yes’. It is an easy
- package to use, particularly in terms of its layout facilities. I found
- the visible line grid is an especially valuable feature. Moving objects
- around to make the desired page layout could not have been easier. In
- fact, it is this user-friendliness that has converted me to the package.
- Moreover, resizing the Poster window automatically does the same to the
- document, so the whole page is always kept in view. I think Poster
- offers more facilities within one package than any of its rivals and I
- found the ability to combine both text and graphics was what really set
- it apart. If you need the elaborate printing options, then the price
- becomes even more competitive.
- 6.4
- And finally...
- 6.4
- Two final points − firstly, by their very nature, Acorn-based products
- tend to be used by both youngsters and adults alike, and Poster offers a
- range of facilities that would be equally applicable to school-based
- project work as to professional DTP. Secondly, a number of companies
- supplying products for the Acorn range offer a personal service that is
- virtually unheard of on other platforms. I often check companies out
- before buying their products to see how they compare in this respect.
- From my telephone calls to 4Mation (in the first two calls, I remained
- anonymous!) I have no doubts about the quality of their after-sales
- backup and advice − which makes Poster a real winner. A
- 6.4
- Help!!!!
- 6.4
- • Amstrad Notepad − Does anyone know how to link up to the Amstrad NC100
- Notepad? Is the IBM link supplied usable on Archimedes? Barry Wilson,
- Lewes and S Hasselton, Abbots Langley.
- 6.4
- • Copyright issues − Is there anyone who could give us some sort of
- explanation about the copyright and intellectual property rights
- situation in relation to fonts? It would be good to put something in the
- magazine about it. Thanks. Ed.
- 6.4
- • IDE drives − Would anyone be bold enough to say which makes of IDE
- drive work as a second drive on the A5000? We decided we didn’t want to
- pronounce on the issue but people do ask us which drives they can use,
- so is anyone prepared to tell us which drives they have used success
- fully and/or which ones have caused problems? Thanks. Ed.
- 6.4
- • Music typesetting − I am trying to develop an application (to be
- released as Public Domain) which will take Rhapsody files (and possibly
- Maestro files) as input and will output the music in drawfile format. I
- have a working prototype of the program and if anyone would be inter
- ested in helping me to test it, find the bugs and improve it, I should
- be very grateful for the help. Hugh Eagle, Horsham
- 6.4
- • Packet radio − Has anyone written/used/know of the existence of any
- software for driving a packet radio modem (preferably a PK232) other
- than through a PC emulator? Nick Perrott, 23 Wynnstay Road, Mt. Eliza,
- Victoria 3930, Australia.
- 6.4
- • Technical articles − We have said before that we’d like some more
- technical articles. Well, Dr Chris Johnson has offered to write
- something but he wants to know what you would be most helpful. Why not
- drop us a line with the sorts of things you would like to read about?
- Ed. A
- 6.4
- New features of v1.6 onwards
- 6.4
- • Text areas can be created & edited within Poster − originally this had
- to be done within Edit
- 6.4
- • DrawPrint is a new utility enabling Poster and drawfiles to be printed
- over any number of pages. This should be of particular interest to
- educational users.
- 6.4
- • Compressed files may be saved and loaded into Poster. These files are
- compatible with Vector and Chameleon. Whilst on compatibility, Fountain
- Filled objects from Chameleon can be moved, scaled and rotated in
- Poster.
- 6.4
- • Extra features for RISC-OS 3: text and sprites can be rotated and
- flipped, and RISC-OS 3 fonts can be used for putting text on paths or in
- moulds.
- 6.4
- • Line, fill and text colour selectors have been expanded from 16 to 256
- colours, with 256 shades of grey.
- 6.4
- • The program is said to be faster in many respects, although I could
- not check this.
- 6.4
- • Text objects can be converted to path objects.
- 6.4
- • The limit of ten posters with eight views on each has been removed.
- 6.4
- • Other smaller modifications affecting menu options; full view; saving
- choices, zooming, etc have been made.
- 6.4
- Registered owners should return disks 1 and 3 directly to 4Mation. The
- upgrade costs £15 + VAT. If you’ve bought the package fairly recently,
- please contact 4Mation − your upgrade may be free!
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- Fonts Workshop − Using Fonts from Basic
- 6.4
- Roger Spooner
- 6.4
- The Archimedes font manager is a beautiful piece of programming which
- allows you to use all sorts of fonts in your work. Normally, people only
- use them inside applications like Draw or Impression, but (as I will
- show) it is easy to use them in your own software. With just a few SWI
- commands, you can set up and start displaying text in any font at any
- size on screen, or even on the printer if you want.
- 6.4
- A program outline
- 6.4
- We will need a program to work on. I’ll use a clock which displays the
- time somewhere on a black screen. (To get into Basic, press <f12>, type
- BASIC and press <return>.) To enter the program, type AUTO, and to quit
- from that press <escape>. Many other commands like LIST and SAVE are
- beyond the scope of this article.
- 6.4
- Using fonts
- 6.4
- There are a number of functions which a program using fonts will have to
- use, and a few that it may want. As this is a completely original
- Archimedes facility (the BBC Micro did not have a Font Manager), it has
- been written with the future in mind. It is free of restrictions on the
- colours (at the program level), as you can define the colour of the text
- appears as a 24 bit colour number. You can also let it use whatever
- screen or printer resolution you have, so you are not restricted to
- 640×256 or whatever.
- 6.4
- The first thing to do is to find out what fonts are available. If you
- know which you want, you can ask for it immediately but you should
- beware of it not being available, perhaps using ‘X’ SWI calls (which I
- won’t go into here). SYS “Font_ ListFonts” is the command for finding
- the names of all available fonts. In RISC-OS 2, it insists that you look
- at the list starting at the top and going down to the bottom. Thus you
- should beware that there may be more fonts available than you can store.
- The demonstration program continues to call the SWI, but does not store
- more than the maximum number of fonts.
- 6.4
- Parameters to Font_ListFonts are:
- 6.4
- R1=pointer to buffer for name
- 6.4
- R2=count (0 for first call)
- 6.4
- R3=pointer to path string or -1 for default
- 6.4
- On Exit:
- 6.4
- R2 = updated counter
- 6.4
- The next thing required is to pick a font. That is up to you or the
- user. The clock program picks one at random from those whose names it
- remembers. This must then be selected with SYS “Font_FindFont”. This
- call tells the computer which fonts you are going to be using and at
- what size. It returns numbers, like file handles, to refer to them. It
- does not actually allow you to write immediately.
- 6.4
- Parameters for Font_FindFont are:
- 6.4
- R1 = pointer to font name
- 6.4
- R2 = X point size × 16
- 6.4
- R3 = Y point size × 16
- 6.4
- R4 = X resolution (or 0 for default)
- 6.4
- R5 = Y resolution (or 0 for default)
- 6.4
- On Exit:
- 6.4
- R0 = font handle number
- 6.4
- From the parameters, you will see that you can easily make the width
- different from the height but it’s best not to do so.
- 6.4
- You can Find as many fonts as you like, so long as you remember what
- their handles are. The computer will keep them in memory for as long as
- they are ‘found’.
- 6.4
- Next, choose one and select it as the current font. Only one can be
- current at any time but there is no problem in swapping them round
- quickly or frequently. This is done by using SYS “Font_ SetFont”
- 6.4
- Parameter for Font_SetFont
- 6.4
- R0 = handle of font to select
- 6.4
- With a font selected, it is still necessary to choose the colours. This
- can be slightly difficult because the current palette is not necessarily
- good for anti-aliasing. Because of this, you can ask the ColourTrans
- module to do it for you. This (which must be loaded for the clock
- program) is able to read the palette and decide which colours should be
- used. It has a call specially for choosing font colours when you know
- the 24 bit colour you want: SYS “ColourTrans_SetFontColours” is the one.
- A note about colours: The 24 bit palette entries are given in hexadeci
- mal as &BBGGRR00 so there are 2 digits each of red, green and blue. In
- hexadecimal, this gives the full range. Do note the 00 on the end. This
- is reserved for future use (transparency, probably). Full strength in
- any colour is FF, half is 80 and none is 00 so white is &FFFFFF00,
- strong blue is &FF000000 and black is &00000000.
- 6.4
- Parameters for ColourTrans_SetFontColours
- 6.4
- R0 = font handle or 0 for current
- 6.4
- R1 = background palette entry
- 6.4
- R2 = foreground palette entry
- 6.4
- R3 = maximum anti-aliasing (0-14)
- 6.4
- On Exit:
- 6.4
- irrelevant
- 6.4
- Finally, we are ready to draw the text on the screen. This is done with
- SYS“Font_Paint” which simply draws your text on the screen (or printer
- if that’s where it’s going). This takes the text, the coordinates and
- some option flags. It will draw the text using all the features already
- defined such as colour and size.
- 6.4
- Parameters for Font_Paint:
- 6.4
- R1 = pointer to string to write
- 6.4
- R2 = flags, 1<<4 for OS coordinates
- 6.4
- R3 = X coordinate
- 6.4
- R4 = Y coordinate
- 6.4
- There is also a complicated series of control codes which can be
- included in the text to change effects as you go but that is beyond the
- scope of this article.
- 6.4
- You can call Font_Paint as often as you like, so if you initialise all
- the previous commands, you can use this one alone from there on until
- you stop.
- 6.4
- To finish using a font, you must declare it no longer needed with SYS
- “Font_LoseFont”. This means it can be released from the font cache
- memory and the file containing it is closed.
- 6.4
- Parameter for Font_LoseFont
- 6.4
- R0 = Font handle.
- 6.4
- There are also a number of other commands you can issue to help with
- more complicated operations. Only a couple can be covered here but they
- include the ability to find the width of a string of text, and even tell
- you how much you can print inside a certain width. This is done with SYS
- “Font_StringWidth”.
- 6.4
- Parameters for Font_StringWidth:
- 6.4
- R1 = pointer to string
- 6.4
- R2 = maximum X offset in millipoints
- 6.4
- R3 = maximum Y offset in millipoints
- 6.4
- R4 = ‘Split’ character (e.g. Space) or -1
- 6.4
- R5 = Index of character to terminate by
- 6.4
- On Exit:
- 6.4
- R1 = pointer to last examined character
- 6.4
- R2 = X offset after painting string
- 6.4
- R3 = Y offset (of cursor) after painting
- 6.4
- R4 = number of ‘split’ characters painted
- 6.4
- R5 = index in string to last OK character
- 6.4
- Another SWI that is of interest is SYS“Font_ ConverttoOS” which
- translates millipoints into theoretical pixels. This allows much easier
- calculations for most of us:
- 6.4
- Parameters for Font_ConverttoOS
- 6.4
- R1 = X value (millipoints)
- 6.4
- R2 = Y value (millipoints)
- 6.4
- On Exit:
- 6.4
- R1 = X value (OS units)
- 6.4
- R2 = Y value (OS units)
- 6.4
- Well, after all that heavy load of information, here’s the program.
- Improvements like multisync monitors are up to you!
- 6.4
- REM > FontClock
- 6.4
- REM by Roger Spooner © 25/7/92
- 6.4
- REM to demonstrate use of the font manager
- 6.4
- PROCinitialise
- 6.4
- PROClistfonts
- 6.4
- ON ERROR PROCerror
- 6.4
- REPEAT
- 6.4
- newfonttime%=TIME
- 6.4
- handle%=FNrandomfont
- 6.4
- REPEAT
- 6.4
- PROCshowclock(handle%)
- 6.4
- PROCwait
- 6.4
- PROCunshowclock(handle%)
- 6.4
- UNTIL TIME>newfonttime%+1000
- 6.4
- handle%=FNlosefont(handle%)
- 6.4
- CLS
- 6.4
- UNTIL FALSE
- 6.4
- END
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- DEFPROCinitialise
- 6.4
- REM Sets up variables that matter
- 6.4
- maxfonts%=100
- 6.4
- MODE 12
- 6.4
- *RMensure ColourTrans 0.51 RMload System:Modules.Colours
- 6.4
- OFF
- 6.4
- DIM fontname$(maxfonts%)
- 6.4
- DIM buffer% 256
- 6.4
- FOR i%=0 TO 15
- 6.4
- VDU19,i%,16,i%*16,i%*16,i%*16
- 6.4
- NEXT i%
- 6.4
- textx%=300:texty%=500
- 6.4
- ENDPROC
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- DEFPROClistfonts
- 6.4
- REM This procedure prepares an array and lists all the
- 6.4
- REM font names into it.
- 6.4
- index%=0
- 6.4
- fonts%=0
- 6.4
- WHILE index%<>-1
- 6.4
- SYS“Font_ListFonts”,0,buffer%, index%,-1 TO ,,index%
- 6.4
- IF index%=-1 AND fonts%=0 THEN PRINT“No fonts available!”:END
- 6.4
- fonts%+=1
- 6.4
- REM Increment total font count
- 6.4
- IF fonts%<=maxfonts% THEN fontname$(fonts%)=$buffer%
- 6.4
- PRINT $buffer%
- 6.4
- ENDIF
- 6.4
- ENDWHILE
- 6.4
- CLS
- 6.4
- PRINT“You have ”;fonts%;“ fonts.”
- 6.4
- IF fonts%>maxfonts% THEN fonts%=maxfonts%
- 6.4
- ENDPROC
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- DEFPROCerror
- 6.4
- IF handle%<>0 THEN handle%= FNlosefont(handle%)
- 6.4
- PRINT REPORT$;“ (error ”;ERR;“)”
- 6.4
- END
- 6.4
- ENDPROC
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- DEFFNrandomfont
- 6.4
- index%=RND(fonts%)
- 6.4
- size%=RND(10)+10 :REM from 11 to 20
- 6.4
- size%=size%*16 :REM 1/16th point
- 6.4
- SYS“Font_FindFont”,0,fontname$ (index%), size%,size%,0,0
- 6.4
- TO handle%
- 6.4
- SYS“Font_SetFont”,handle%
- 6.4
- textx%=RND(1000)
- 6.4
- texty%=RND(900)
- 6.4
- =handle%
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- DEFPROCshowclock(handle%)
- 6.4
- SYS“ColourTrans_SetFontColours”,
- 6.4
- handle%,&00000000,&FFFFFF00,14
- 6.4
- text$=TIME$
- 6.4
- SYS“Font_StringWidth”,,text$,1E8, 1E8,-1,1E8 TO ,,xoff%
- 6.4
- yoff%=size%*1000/16
- 6.4
- SYS“Font_ConverttoOS”,,xoff%,yoff% TO ,xoff%,yoff%
- 6.4
- IF textx%+xoff%>=1240 THEN textx%=1200-xoff%
- 6.4
- SYS“Font_Paint”,0,text$,1<<4, textx%,texty%
- 6.4
- SYS“ColourTrans_SetGCOL”,&80808000
- 6.4
- RECTANGLE textx%-20,texty%-20,xoff% +40,yoff%+40
- 6.4
- ENDPROC
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- DEFPROCunshowclock(handle%)
- 6.4
- SYS“ColourTrans_SetGCOL”,&00000000
- 6.4
- RECTANGLE FILL textx%-20,texty%-20, xoff%+40,yoff%+40
- 6.4
- ENDPROC
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- DEFFNlosefont(handle%)
- 6.4
- SYS“Font_LoseFont”,handle%
- 6.4
- =0
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- DEFPROCwait
- 6.4
- LOCAL t%
- 6.4
- t%=TIME
- 6.4
- REPEAT UNTIL TIME>t%+100
- 6.4
- ENDPROC A
- 6.4
- Rhythm-Bed
- 6.4
- Stewart Watson
- 6.4
- The latest music package from Clares is Rhythm-Bed, a stand-alone drum
- sequencer. It enables the user to create percussion backing tracks using
- either internal voices or a MIDI instrument which can then be run from
- Rhythm-Bed or from Rhapsody or Serenade (the forth-coming sequencer
- program from Clares).
- 6.4
- The package
- 6.4
- Rhythm-Bed comes in the usual Clares’ package which contains a single
- disc and a 52 page A5 manual.
- 6.4
- The manual
- 6.4
- The manual is, on the whole, clear and concise − the instructions on
- getting started are particularly good. There is a tutorial section which
- goes through the various functions of the program in a systematic and
- methodical fashion. A strange omission is that of a keystrip, as the
- function keys are quite extensively used. There are also a good number
- of hot keys which make life easier for the operator. I’ve included a key
- strip drawfile on the monthly program disc. The sequencer mode, in which
- bars are chained together to form songs, is one feature which I do feel
- needs more explanation in the manual.
- 6.4
- The disc
- 6.4
- On the disc, you will find a read_me file, the main application folder,
- a system folder and the system merge application, a directory of drum-
- kits, a directory called Voxbeat which contains five relocatable module
- drum-kits, and a directory of short, but impressive, demos.
- 6.4
- Using Rhythm-Bed
- 6.4
- The program uses a grid system for entering and editing scores. Entering
- sounds is done simply by clicking on the required boxes with <select>
- and deleting is done with <adjust>. There are fifteen volume levels,
- which are shown in shades of grey, so a reasonably high resolution mode
- is required − a 256 colour mode is recommended.
- 6.4
- As well as step-time editing, there is a facility to record from a MIDI
- keyboard in real-time. This is very similar to that found in Rhapsody,
- so anyone familiar with Rhapsody should find Rhythm-Bed simplicity
- itself to use.
- 6.4
- Within minutes of loading the program for the first time, I had
- constructed a rhythm track, saved it as a MIDI file, loaded it into
- Rhapsody and was able to record into Rhapsody over the Rhythm-Bed
- backing track.
- 6.4
- There are basically two modes of operation − an 8-voice mode, for use
- with internal voices, and a 64-voice mode for use with external Midi
- equipment. However, the window in 8-voice mode is still 64 boxes deep
- and I do feel that this is something which could have been tidied up.
- 6.4
- Demos
- 6.4
- The Midi compatible drum-kits provided are for a Casio CT660, Roland
- E35, Roland E70, Roland U20 and Yamaha QY10. These are easily editable
- to whatever other keyboard or sound module is available. The Rhythm-Bed
- demonstration files are all very short and don’t really do the program
- justice. They can either be played in pattern or sequencer mode −
- something I don’t think is mentioned in the manual. As many people make
- a snap judgment about a program on the strength of its demos, I do feel
- that a couple of hours work to add a stunning demo track would not have
- been wasted. I’ve included an alternative demo for inclusion on the
- monthly program disc.
- 6.4
- Summary
- 6.4
- As a rhythm sequencer, Rhythm-Bed does about all you could wish for.
- However, I’m not sure who this product is actually aimed at because a
- full blown sequencer should surely have its own facilities to set up
- rhythm sequences. Then again, there are probably quite a number of users
- of Rhapsody who might want the facilities of Rhythm-Bed but not of a
- real time sequencer. If you use Rhapsody and want to improve your
- rhythmic accompaniments, Rhythm-Bed is for you.
- 6.4
- Rhythm-Bed is available from Clares Micro Supplies at £49.95 inc VAT
- (£46 through Archive). A
- 6.4
- The Draw Module
- 6.4
- Roger Spooner
- 6.4
- The Draw module may sound like the application !Draw, which we all know
- and love, but it is actually a deeper part of the computer; one which
- allows programmers to plot complicated shapes on the screen or printer.
- It is used by !Draw to render (plot) the paths and by the Font Manager
- to create sprites of characters defined as curves.
- 6.4
- What can it do?
- 6.4
- The Draw module takes a description of a path: a sequence of instruc
- tions to move, draw straight or curve to new coordinates, and plots it
- on screen, or in memory. It can either draw the lines themselves or fill
- the area inside. It uses the currently selected colours and does not
- consider things like text or sprites at all. It will send the output
- either to a buffer in memory, for some commands, or more likely to the
- screen. This is often redirected to places like a sprite, especially for
- font cacheing, or to a printer to print.
- 6.4
- Some commands
- 6.4
- The Draw module really only has one command: Draw_ProcessPath which can
- do any of the Draw functions. It is easier, though, to split this up
- into a few others:
- 6.4
- Draw_Fill will draw on screen the filled interior of the given path.
- 6.4
- Draw_Stroke will draw the line round the edge of a path.
- 6.4
- Draw_StrokePath produce a path which it saves in memory, having
- partially processed things like line width and scaling.
- 6.4
- Draw_FlattenPath will turn each curve into a series of straight lines,
- and save it in memory as a path.
- 6.4
- Draw_TransformPath will move or scale the path according to a transfor
- mation matrix and will then put it in memory.
- 6.4
- These commands are in decreasing order of complexity; Draw_ProcessPath
- will do anything and the remaining ones will do just some of the
- operations, saving time later. Most of the commands have a similar
- structure, so I’ll describe only Draw_Stroke.
- 6.4
- A path buffer
- 6.4
- A path is stored in an area of memory, a buffer. Each piece of informa
- tion is stored in a 4 byte word and the coordinates are Draw Units,
- where 256 draw units equal one OS pixel.
- 6.4
- A typical path might be:
- 6.4
- 2 Move command
- 6.4
- 1000 X coordinate of move
- 6.4
- 1000 Y coordinate of move
- 6.4
- 8 Draw straight command
- 6.4
- 10000 X coord to draw to
- 6.4
- 1000 Y (from move position)
- 6.4
- 6 Curve (3 points follow)
- 6.4
- 10000 X of control pt 1
- 6.4
- 10000 Y of control pt 1
- 6.4
- 1000 X of control pt 2
- 6.4
- 10000 Y of control pt 2
- 6.4
- 1000 X of end pt
- 6.4
- 1000 Y of end pt
- 6.4
- 0 End of path
- 6.4
- 0 Dummy parameter
- 6.4
- So the Draw module goes through each command, collecting the right
- number of coordinates after each.
- 6.4
- A command in detail
- 6.4
- Draw_Stroke is a SWI command. It can be used from Basic as SYS
- “Draw_Stroke” followed by these parameters,
- 6.4
- R0 contains a pointer to the buffer in memory containing the path.
- 6.4
- R1 is the fill style. This decides whether an area with two parts of the
- path round it is filled or not. I will use 0, the default.
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- A non-filled interior: your choice!
- 6.4
- R2 points to a Transformation Matrix in memory. It can move the output
- round the screen, for example to accommodate the Zoom setting and scroll
- bar position of a window. I use 0, to plot it straight out (no matrix).
- 6.4
- R3 is the Flatness. This controls how curved the curves are and hence
- how slowly they get drawn. This is in Draw units; the resultant line
- must always be closer to the exact curve than the given number, so the
- larger this is, the more jagged the curve. 0 means default. The
- recommended value is about 1 real pixel.
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- A flatness of 15000 gives rough curves
- 6.4
- R4 is the line thickness, in Draw Units. 0 means ‘thinnest’. Something
- like 100 would come up as a dotted line as it is thinner than one screen
- pixel, and 2000 is a nice thick line, about 4 pixels wide.
- 6.4
- R5 contains a pointer to the line cap and join specification. This,
- sadly, has to be defined, so you need a buffer of 16 bytes which can
- contain, at its simplest, 2 in the lowest byte. In summary, this is Join
- Type (Mitre, Round, Bevel) in byte 0, Leading Cap in byte 1, Trailing
- Cap in byte 2, Mitre Limit in bytes 4−7, Cap Size in bytes 8−15.
- 6.4
- R6 is a pointer to the dash pattern buffer, or 0. Briefly, it is: 0
- (word), numbers of elements until repeat, then the length of each
- section (black then white) of each piece.
- 6.4
- What?
- 6.4
- All that sounds rather complicated, but it isn’t. The difficult ones can
- be ignored and the important ones are easy. Most SWIs use some or all of
- the same parameters, e.g. Draw_Fill does not require a line thickness.
- 6.4
- The transform matrix, although interesting, is too complicated for us.
- 6.4
- The program below, when run, allows you to define a path and then shows
- it to you. You should click once, then press <L>, then click a few times
- round the screen. You will see a yellow line appear − this is your path.
- Pressing <C> makes the next part a curve (involving 3 clicks) and <M> is
- a move. When you click <adjust>, it will redraw and thicken the path
- then quit. It’s not much fun on its own but it has potential for
- development!
- 6.4
- REM > DrawDemo1
- 6.4
- REM To show use of Draw Module
- 6.4
- REM LEN 1992 Roger Spooner
- 6.4
- MODE 12 :REM change to 20 for multisync
- 6.4
- OFF :REM disables cursor
- 6.4
- PROCinit :REM sets up variables
- 6.4
- PROCdraw :REM designs line
- 6.4
- thickness%=2000 :REM thicker line
- 6.4
- PROCfill :REM draws thick
- 6.4
- END
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- DEFPROCinit
- 6.4
- REM initialises variables
- 6.4
- maxpts%=100
- 6.4
- DIM dx%(maxpts%),dy%(maxpts%), dt%(maxpts%)
- 6.4
- DIM pathbuff% 1024
- 6.4
- DIM joinbuff% 16
- 6.4
- joinbuff%!0=2
- 6.4
- joinbuff%!4=0
- 6.4
- joinbuff%!8=0
- 6.4
- joinbuff%!12=0
- 6.4
- points%=0
- 6.4
- pathtype%=2:REM move
- 6.4
- flatness%=250:REM for curves
- 6.4
- thickness%=0
- 6.4
- MOUSE ON
- 6.4
- PROCinfo(“Click at point or (L)ine, (C)urve, (M)ove”)
- 6.4
- changed%=TRUE
- 6.4
- nowpt%=1
- 6.4
- ENDPROC
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- DEFPROCdraw
- 6.4
- REM defines nature of shape
- 6.4
- REPEAT
- 6.4
- REPEAT
- 6.4
- k%=INKEY(0) AND &DF
- 6.4
- CASE k% OF
- 6.4
- WHEN ASC“L”
- 6.4
- pathtype%=8:PROCinfo(“Line selected”)
- 6.4
- WHEN ASC“C”
- 6.4
- pathtype%=6:PROCinfo(“Curve selected”)
- 6.4
- WHEN ASC“M”
- 6.4
- pathtype%=2:PROCinfo(“Move selected”)
- 6.4
- ENDCASE
- 6.4
- MOUSE msx%,msy%,msb%
- 6.4
- PRINTTAB(0,1);“x=”;msx%;“ y=”;msy%
- 6.4
- ;“ ”
- 6.4
- UNTIL msb%<>0
- 6.4
- IF msb%=4 THEN
- 6.4
- nowpt%=points%
- 6.4
- CASE pathtype% OF
- 6.4
- WHEN 2
- 6.4
- PROCinfo(“Moved to ”+STR$(msx%)+“,” +STR$(msy%))
- 6.4
- dx%(nowpt%)=msx%*256
- 6.4
- dy%(nowpt%)=msy%*256
- 6.4
- dt%(nowpt%)=pathtype%
- 6.4
- nowpt%+=1
- 6.4
- PROCreleasemouse
- 6.4
- WHEN 6
- 6.4
- PROCinfo(“Curving to ”+STR$(msx%)+ “,”+STR$(msy%)+“. Click on
- 6.4
- Control 2”)
- 6.4
- dx%(nowpt%)=msx%*256
- 6.4
- dy%(nowpt%)=msy%*256
- 6.4
- dt%(nowpt%)=pathtype%
- 6.4
- PROCreleasemouse
- 6.4
- PROCgetmouse
- 6.4
- PROCinfo(“Curving to ”+STR$(msx%)+ “,”+STR$(msy%)+
- 6.4
- “. Click on end.”)
- 6.4
- dx%(nowpt%+1)=msx%*256
- 6.4
- dy%(nowpt%+1)=msy%*256
- 6.4
- dt%(nowpt%+1)=-1:REM ‘this is not new path element’
- 6.4
- PROCreleasemouse
- 6.4
- PROCgetmouse
- 6.4
- PROCinfo(“Curved to ”+STR$(msx%)+“,” +STR$(msy%))
- 6.4
- dx%(nowpt%+2)=msx%*256
- 6.4
- dy%(nowpt%+2)=msy%*256
- 6.4
- dt%(nowpt%+2)=-1
- 6.4
- nowpt%+=3
- 6.4
- PROCreleasemouse
- 6.4
- WHEN 8
- 6.4
- PROCinfo(“Drawn to ”+STR$(msx%)+“,” +STR$(msy%))
- 6.4
- dx%(nowpt%)=msx%*256
- 6.4
- dy%(nowpt%)=msy%*256
- 6.4
- dt%(nowpt%)=pathtype%
- 6.4
- nowpt%+=1
- 6.4
- PROCreleasemouse
- 6.4
- OTHERWISE
- 6.4
- ERROR 99,“Unknown path element
- 6.4
- type ” +STR$(pathtype%)
- 6.4
- ENDCASE
- 6.4
- points%=nowpt%
- 6.4
- CLS
- 6.4
- PROCbuildpath
- 6.4
- PROCfill
- 6.4
- IF pathtype%=2 THEN PROCinfo(“Now please use (L)ine or (C)urve”)
- 6.4
- ENDIF
- 6.4
- UNTIL msb%=1
- 6.4
- IF points%=0 THEN ERROR 99,“No points entered!”
- 6.4
- REM adjust pressed
- 6.4
- ENDPROC
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- DEFPROCinfo(m$)
- 6.4
- PRINTTAB(0,0);m$;TAB(79);“ ”
- 6.4
- ENDPROC
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- DEFPROCgetmouse
- 6.4
- REPEAT
- 6.4
- MOUSE msx%,msy%,msb%
- 6.4
- PRINTTAB(0,1);“x=”;msx%; “ y=”; msy% ;“ ”
- 6.4
- UNTIL msb%<>0
- 6.4
- ENDPROC
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- DEFPROCreleasemouse
- 6.4
- REPEAT
- 6.4
- MOUSE msx%,msy%,msb%
- 6.4
- UNTIL msb%=0
- 6.4
- ENDPROC
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- DEFPROCbuildpath
- 6.4
- LOCAL nowpt%,ptr%
- 6.4
- ptr%=0 :REM memory location
- 6.4
- nowpt%=0 :REM current point no.
- 6.4
- GCOL 0,1
- 6.4
- WHILE nowpt%<(points%)
- 6.4
- CASE dt%(nowpt%) OF
- 6.4
- WHEN 2
- 6.4
- pathbuff%!ptr%=dt%(nowpt%)
- 6.4
- pathbuff%!(ptr%+4)=dx%(nowpt%)
- 6.4
- pathbuff%!(ptr%+8)=dy%(nowpt%)
- 6.4
- ptr%+=12
- 6.4
- nowpt%+=1
- 6.4
- WHEN 6
- 6.4
- pathbuff%!ptr%=dt%(nowpt%)
- 6.4
- pathbuff%!(ptr%+4)=dx%(nowpt%)
- 6.4
- pathbuff%!(ptr%+8)=dy%(nowpt%)
- 6.4
- ptr%+=12
- 6.4
- nowpt%+=1
- 6.4
- pathbuff%!(ptr%+0)=dx%(nowpt%)
- 6.4
- pathbuff%!(ptr%+4)=dy%(nowpt%)
- 6.4
- ptr%+=8
- 6.4
- nowpt%+=1
- 6.4
- pathbuff%!(ptr%+0)=dx%(nowpt%)
- 6.4
- pathbuff%!(ptr%+4)=dy%(nowpt%)
- 6.4
- ptr%+=8
- 6.4
- nowpt%+=1
- 6.4
- WHEN 8
- 6.4
- pathbuff%!ptr%=dt%(nowpt%)
- 6.4
- pathbuff%!(ptr%+4)=dx%(nowpt%)
- 6.4
- pathbuff%!(ptr%+8)=dy%(nowpt%)
- 6.4
- ptr%+=12
- 6.4
- nowpt%+=1
- 6.4
- OTHERWISE
- 6.4
- PRINT“Unknown path element ”+ STR$(dt%(nowpt%))+“ at
- 6.4
- entry ”+STR$(nowpt%)
- 6.4
- PROCshowarray
- 6.4
- ENDCASE
- 6.4
- ENDWHILE
- 6.4
- pathbuff%!ptr%=0
- 6.4
- ptr%+=4
- 6.4
- ENDPROC
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- DEFPROCshowpath
- 6.4
- i%=pathbuff%
- 6.4
- end%=FALSE
- 6.4
- REPEAT
- 6.4
- PRINT !i%
- 6.4
- i%+=4
- 6.4
- UNTIL i%>(pathbuff%+100)
- 6.4
- ENDPROC
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- DEFPROCshowarray
- 6.4
- FOR i%=0 TO points%+1
- 6.4
- PRINT dt%(i%),dx%(i%),dy%(i%)
- 6.4
- NEXT
- 6.4
- ENDPROC
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- DEFPROCfill
- 6.4
- GCOL 0,4
- 6.4
- SYS“Draw_Fill”,pathbuff%,0,0, flatness%
- 6.4
- GCOL 0,3
- 6.4
- SYS“Draw_Stroke”,pathbuff%,0,0, flatness%,thickness%,joinbuff%,0,0
- 6.4
- ENDPROC A
- 6.4
- Ovation Column
- 6.4
- Maurice Edmundson
- 6.4
- The line drawing tool
- 6.4
- The line drawing tool, together with the object manipulation techniques
- described in last month’s column, make form design and printing a
- relatively simple task. I am secretary of a small group which meets once
- a month, and I find that a members’ grid for such things as register of
- attendance, subscriptions, library loans and so forth, is a useful
- document to have. The grid is printed on an A4 sheet. There is a main
- heading at the top of the sheet and, a little further down, a space for
- the title of the sheet, e.g. subscription list, register, etc. An
- alphabetical list of names is listed down the left hand side, and the
- grid fills the rest of the page. A (fictitious) example is shown here:
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- Bring up the default document page. Give the main frame a 0.25mm border
- (Object Menu). From the View option in the main menu select Show Rulers.
- These are helpful to have on screen for form design. I drew a text frame
- along the top to take the name of the group and a heading for the
- current sheet − in this example the register of attendance for 1992-3.
- Then the grid was drawn using the line drawing tool.
- 6.4
- Most of the operations for frames also apply to lines. The tool box
- always returns to the text insertion tool after using any of the other
- tools. To activate a previously drawn line whilst the text insertion
- caret (the large black one as opposed to the small red one) is in the
- window under mouse control, move it slowly across the line until it
- suddenly changes to the standard mouse arrow. At this point click
- <select>, and the red handles will be seen at each end of the line
- showing that it is active. Moving the pointer to either handle will give
- the re-size tool for lengthening or rotating the line and using <adjust>
- will allow the line to be slid about the page into other positions.
- 6.4
- Click on the line tool in the Ovation tool box. As with frames, keeping
- <shift> pressed restricts the line being drawn to the horizontal or
- vertical. Holding down <shift>, draw a line across the full width of the
- page just below the text frame. Press <return> as often as necessary to
- bring the caret to the line where you wish to print the first name in
- the list of members. Typing a 10pt character may help. Now use the line
- drawing tool with <shift> depressed to draw a line across the page just
- a little above this letter, i.e. you are ensuring that the type will be
- at or very near the centre of the grid spaces. (In practice, I find this
- precaution is rarely necessary. The type nearly always lines up
- accurately anyway!) Make this line 0.5mm thick so that it will stand
- out. This choice is made from the Modify Line option in the Object menu.
- Here is the dialogue box:
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- The default thickness is 0.25mm. Note that you can choose various line
- styles, with or without endcaps, by using the radio buttons and you can
- define the position and length of the line accurately just as is
- possible with frames. Since the start and endpoints of the line can be
- chosen, the slope too is under the user’s control.
- 6.4
- We have to duplicate this line once again but with carefully chosen
- parameters. As the names will be typed in the left column, the spacing
- of the lines must match the point size of the type, otherwise they will
- rapidly get out of step with each other as we move down the page. Also
- if we printed all the horizontal lines 0.5mm thick the effect would be
- too dark. We need thinner lines for the rest of the page.
- 6.4
- (With some printers, for example a dot matrix printer, the thickness of
- the lines cannot be varied as subtly as when using inkjet or laser
- printers. To some extent therefore the fine tuning of line thickness
- which I am describing is more appropriate for the second group of
- printers.)
- 6.4
- Correct line spacing, however, is necessary whatever the printer type.
- Ovation, with its intelligent use of dimensions, makes this task
- straightforward. If the printed names are to be typed in with 10pt type,
- and allowing 20% leading, this gives a spacing from one line of print to
- the next of 12 points. However, in a grid of the kind we are construct
- ing, it will be more appropriate to have double line spacing. Therefore
- we require the lines to be 24 points apart. There is no need to change
- the global Units setting to points; it is left at the default setting of
- mm.
- 6.4
- From the Object menu, choose Duplicate Line and fill in the dialogue box
- (shown last month) to duplicate once with a vertical offset of 24pt and
- zero horizontal offset. After duplication, the new line remains high-
- lighted so choose Modify Line and select a width of 0.2mm. Now choose
- Duplicate Line again and write in 20 times (or whatever), zero horizon
- tal offset, and a vertical offset of 24pt. All the horizontal lines will
- be filled in correctly spaced. A word of caution − there is no global
- “undo” function so make sure your values are correct before duplication
- takes place.
- 6.4
- We use similar techniques to complete the grid with the vertical lines.
- Holding down <shift>, draw the first upright as a full line leaving
- enough space for the longest name. Duplicate it once, and modify this
- line to a dotted line 0.2mm thick. Now duplicate this across the page as
- many times as necessary to fill to the right margin, with a spacing of
- say 10mm. The form is now complete.
- 6.4
- Check that the text you are using is 10pt. Bring the text caret to the
- first line and type in the first name. Pressing <return> twice will move
- the caret to the correct position on each line for subsequent names.
- From the View option in the main menu select Hide Guidelines, and check
- on screen that the form is correctly drawn with no missing borders or
- lines. Save it, and it is ready for printing.
- 6.4
- The examples given here and in last month’s column should have indicated
- how versatile and useful are the frame and line drawing tools for
- producing all kinds of tickets, lists, bill-heads, class-lists, mark-
- lists and so on. However, I must conclude with an apology. In spite of
- taking (as I thought) every precaution to prevent a mistake occurring,
- the first column (in the November issue) gave flawed details of how to
- set the font parameters for Local Styles and for Paragraph Styles. In my
- description concerning Local Styles, I said that Format had to be set
- separately from the other parameters. There is a way of avoiding this,
- enabling all four functions to be set without losing the window. The
- secret is to use <adjust> on Format first of all. So click <adjust> on
- Format and then move upwards to the other three in turn, (in any order)
- using <select> for the final one. When <select> is pressed, the fonts
- are cached and applied immediately at the highlighted text. When
- choosing the same four functions in the Paragraph Style window, the
- order of choice is immaterial. The commands are stored but no cacheing
- takes place at that time.
- 6.4
- One or two queries have arrived on my desk and I shall do my best to
- answer them next month. A Happy New Year to all Ovation fans! A
- 6.4
- Molecular Modelling
- 6.4
- David Kent
- 6.4
- I have been a dedicated supporter of Acorn computers since I bought a
- BBC B about twelve years ago. In all the years of defending the BBC B
- and then the Archimedes against PC pests (“...well, just how many
- wordprocessors and spreadsheets do you actually need then?”), there was
- only one bit of software I coveted from the PC world. That was a tool
- for modelling and manipulating molecules.
- 6.4
- At last, not one but two molecular modellers have been released for the
- Archimedes. One is being marketed by Scottish Schools Equipment Research
- Centre (SSERC) and the other is a release by Arachne Software (whose
- logo, not surprisingly, is a spider).
- 6.4
- The packages
- 6.4
- SSERC: Chemical Modeller V2.0 contains:
- 6.4
- • a mini jewel case containing a single disc with the application and
- example directories of molecules (38) and ring fragments (20)
- 6.4
- • photocopied joint teacher guide and pupil guide on A4 paper stapled in
- one corner obviously intended for producing worksheets, plus a 37-page
- photocopied instruction manual on A4 paper, stapled in one corner
- 6.4
- • green and red coloured gels for use with stereo view option
- 6.4
- Cost: £50 +VAT with a site licence at £80 + VAT
- 6.4
- Arachne: Molecular Modeller V3.04 contains:
- 6.4
- • single disc containing the application, plus !Scrap, !System,
- !Sysmerge and two directories containing fragments (6) and molecules
- (16) respectively.
- 6.4
- • 24 page A5 tutorial booklet plus a high quality 33-page A5 manual.
- 6.4
- • green and red coloured gels for use with stereo view option
- 6.4
- • keystrip
- 6.4
- Cost: £5 for a demo disc and manual, deducted from the cost of the full
- version: £39.50 + VAT.
- 6.4
- Upgrades and extras
- 6.4
- Arachne says that it intends to follow the same philosophy as Computer
- Concepts, offering upgrades at nominal or no cost. SSERC will contact
- users when a new release is available and will offer upgrades at a
- ‘nominal cost’.
- 6.4
- The authors of both modellers promise discs of molecules in the near
- future, priced at about £10 each. SSERC is about to release three discs
- each containing 200 compressed sprites of molecules in a variety of
- display types. They are also developing extra discs of fragment and
- molecule data files including biochemicals. Biochemicals in particular
- will be welcome given that they usually contain several hundred atoms.
- 6.4
- What is a molecular modeller?
- 6.4
- A molecular modeller has two basic functions. One is to construct
- computer models of molecules and the other is to manipulate the
- resultant models. Each modeller will be described in terms of how
- molecules are built and how the view can be manipulated in terms of
- rotation, translation and zooming and how it can be saved and printed.
- This covers the minimum basics for building the molecule and setting up
- the desired view. Some of the more advanced options will then be
- examined.
- 6.4
- The SSERC Chemical Modeller is being developed by Advanced Processor
- Research. It was written in Fortran and with PCs in mind. It has been
- compiled for use on the Archimedes in native mode and therefore does not
- need the PC emulator. Its PC origins are very apparent since it doesn’t
- use the desktop, taking over the whole machine. It runs in mode 15 and
- requires at least 900Kb of memory and therefore needs a 2Mb machine. An
- ARM3 machine is recommended. The program has a very definite PC look and
- feel. Chemical Modeller is targeted more at the university user as is
- apparent from the great array of more advanced options it offers. It
- should prove to be very useful at A-level for a variety of jobs ranging
- from diagram creation through to the exploration of a number of more
- advanced molecular characteristics. I suspect that most students would
- find it hard to use interactively to explore structures, stereochemistry
- and so on because of its comprehensive range of options and because of
- the unhelpful manual.
- 6.4
- Unfortunately, the author does not seem to have heard of SI units. The
- program expects energy to be in kcals and length in angstroms. Although
- it is not particularly difficult to convert to the SI units, kJoules and
- nanometres, it does complicate things when trying to use the modeller as
- a teaching tool with A-Level pupils.
- 6.4
- Arachne’s Molecular Modeller is multi-tasking and conforms to all RISC-
- OS conventions. The program occupies 640Kb and again an ARM3 machine is
- recommended. It uses SI units. Molecule creation is very simple but,
- having created them, the modeller offers only a limited range of further
- options. It allows animations and the measurement of bond lengths and
- angles. Pupils would find the modeller friendly and easy to use to
- explore the basic shapes of simple molecules.
- 6.4
- Building a molecule
- 6.4
- SSERC − Chemical Modeller − After a basic introductory screen, you are
- presented with a menu screen offering a number of options. The cursor is
- a small flickery cross. All the program menus are presented as permanent
- lists down the left-hand edge of the screen. Clicking on the Create
- option opens a blank screen and another menu. From this screen you
- create your molecule. Options available allow you to build a molecule,
- atom by atom, or to use a very extensive selection of pre-prepared
- aromatic rings. Atoms are chosen from a reasonably comprehensive list
- but you have to know which version of the atom you want. For example,
- single, double and triple bonded and aromatic carbon atoms are included,
- as are five varieties of nitrogen atom. However, only diagonal and
- tetrahedral sulphur and tetrahedral phosphorus are offered. The list is
- less comprehensive than that available in Arachne’s Molecular Modeller.
- 6.4
- After an atom is chosen, you click on the atom to which it is to be
- bonded and it is added to the molecule. You cannot add more atoms than
- the normal valency number of the target atom but the program doesn’t
- stop you adding fewer. A useful, quick option for finishing alkanes is
- ADD H’s which fills any unused bonds with hydrogen atoms.
- 6.4
- When the molecule is complete, a scaled, colour-coded stick bond version
- is displayed. The molecule can now be manipulated in a variety of ways.
- The view can be rotated about the three orthogonal axes. It is possible
- to zoom in or out and move the molecule around the screen. All manipula
- tions are done on the stick version of the molecule.
- 6.4
- The display options offered (in increasing ‘realism’ of view) are: bond
- only, bonds with atom numbers or with element symbols, ball and stick
- (using solid, open or hatched circles), dot surface, space-fill and van
- der Waal’s surface. A final option produces a stereo view using a red
- and a green stick bond or space-fill display. By wearing green and red
- filters in front of your eyes, your brain is tricked into ‘seeing’ a 3D
- view of the molecule. This view can be rotated and the effect is
- convincingly 3D. The simple space-fill uses solid-colour spheres of
- covalent radius, whilst the van der Waal’s view gives a full-blown
- space-filled view of the molecule but more slowly. This is a very
- comprehensive set of display options. Chemical Modeller has the option
- to switch hydrogens off in a view so that the main backbone is clearer.
- It is possible to give an illusion of perspective to the molecule.
- 6.4
- Arachne Molecular Modeller − In comparison, the Molecular Modeller is
- very easy and intuitive to use (or is it that the WIMP is just more
- familiar?). Double click on the application icon to load the program or
- onto a molecule file to load the program displaying that molecule. There
- are draggable rotation bars along the bottom and right hand edges of the
- work area which can be used to rotate the molecule at any time.
- 6.4
- Creation of a molecule is simple. A Tool Window (as in Draw) is
- available. All manipulation and building is done on the one screen and
- the toolkit remains displayed at the side of the work area. Word-
- processor-style cut, copy and paste facilities speed up the creation of
- larger molecules
- 6.4
- Elements are chosen from a display of the Periodic Table. The table
- includes the bulk of the elements in the first four periods and includes
- a wider range of atoms than Chemical Modeller. Atoms are positioned on
- the screen in roughly the right positions by clicking. Bonds are created
- by clicking on the two atoms to be joined. Single, double, triple and
- aromatic bonds are available. Unused bonds (e.g. when only using three
- bonds on a nitrogen atom) are treated as lone pairs when the molecular
- shape is being calculated. Even when alkanes are being produced it is a
- rapid process to add the hydrogens. At this point, the molecule will
- look far from correct. Unfortunately, many molecules will still not look
- right even after the program has altered their shape.
- 6.4
- Wrong angles = wrong shape!
- 6.4
- There is no limit to the number of bonds an atom can have, but adding
- too many produces molecules which never settle down in the shape
- optimisation part of the Molecular Modeller. The program iteratively
- calculates the correct bond lengths and bond angles for the molecule. If
- a particularly strained molecule is made, it can wander about the screen
- at this stage because each attempt to improve the angle makes the length
- worse and vice versa. In fact, I couldn’t make molecules with more than
- four bonds to the central atom settle down. SF6 and PCl5 were close to
- the ideal shape but never quite got there as they wandered slowly round
- the screen. In fairness, these two structures cannot be built in
- Chemical Modeller without using the keyboard to enter crystallographic
- data directly − which is definitely not a job to be undertaken lightly.
- The program really only managed to predict the correct bond angles for
- small molecules like water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, etc. Chain alkanes
- were also OK but cycloalkanes and aromatics were wrong. This inability
- to get the molecular shape right is obviously a fatal flaw for a program
- whose job it is to predict the shape of molecules!
- 6.4
- Displaying the molecule
- 6.4
- The display options offered are very similar to Chemical Modeller. There
- are bonds only, bonds with element symbols, ball and stick (using solid
- or open circles), simple space-fill (called quick-fill) and van der
- Waal’s surface (called space-fill). A final option produces a stereo
- view using a red and a green display. There are a number of options to
- give some perspective to the molecule.
- 6.4
- Saving and printing
- 6.4
- In the Chemical Modeller, all images are printed using the program’s own
- printer drivers. RISC-OS printer drivers are not supported and the
- quality of the printouts does not do justice to the displays − not on my
- 24-pin dot matrix printer. However, the displays can be saved as
- sprites, and so they can be edited if necessary and then printed from
- Paint or a DTP package. All sprite displays take up 160Kb regardless of
- how big or small the molecule is or which display style is used. Sprites
- are saved as Sprite-A, Sprite-B, etc. It is a great pity that the
- program cannot save drawfiles. SSERC is vigorously encouraging the
- author to add this feature and to make the front end of the Chemical
- Modeller more Archimedes-like!
- 6.4
- The Molecular Modeller can save molecules either as sprites or as
- drawfiles. Printing utilises RISC-OS printer drivers. Four print options
- are offered: crude (but fairly quick), and dark, light and white
- backgrounds. Drawfiles of space-filled molecules are created by
- overlapping a large number of filled circles. The molecule is built up
- from the back to the front so that the merged ‘spheres’ really look
- merged. The drawfiles are very much smaller than the equivalent sprites
- for small molecules. For a molecule containing 14 atoms, the drawfile of
- a space-filled view was 24Kb compared with the spritefile at 117Kb. When
- saved as a stick model the drawfile was only 348 bytes long! With larger
- molecules, savings are less or even negative! For comparison, a space-
- filled view of buckminsterfullerene containing 60 odd atoms was 153Kb
- for the drawfile and 114Kb for the spritefile.
- 6.4
- I will ask Paul to see if he can fit two examples (caffeine and a fat)
- on the monthly program disc.
- 6.4
- Other Options
- 6.4
- The SSERC Chemical Modeller offers a comprehensive selection of very
- useful options which more than compensate for the less flexible front
- end it presents. It will calculate and display the electronic charges on
- each atom. This can be viewed with colour coding or with numerical
- values. This option could very useful when teaching about bond polaris
- ation, electronegativity or when looking at the effect of substituent
- groups on the reactivity of the benzine ring. Two or more molecules (for
- example, methane and chloromethane) may be built and their charge
- distribution compared.
- 6.4
- Bond lengths and bond angles can be measured easily. In each case, the
- appropriate atoms are chosen by clicking with the mouse. The program can
- superimpose two molecules so that differences between them can be seen.
- A least mean squares method is used to calculate the best fit. This view
- can be made to flick from one molecule to the other so that the
- differences can be seen even more clearly. Chemical Modeller can also
- calculate the ‘best’ shape of the molecule by minimising its energy.
- Like many of the advanced features of this modeller, it is not very
- friendly in use, but is very powerful.
- 6.4
- The Chemical Modeller can calculate torsional angles within the
- molecule. This is the angle between two planes or axes and can be used
- to measure twisting within a molecule. This could be useful to demon
- strate stearic crowding. This option can also be used to show internal
- rotations within the molecule, though it is a bit of an awkward to set
- up.
- 6.4
- It can handle ionic structures like sodium chloride. It is necessary to
- type in crystallography data from the keyboard. It would also be
- possible to create molecules like SF6 and PCl5 by this method if you
- have access to the appropriate data. (I could not get Arachne’s
- Molecular Modeller to create ionic structures because of its assumption
- that any ‘unused’ bonds within an atom are to be treated as lone pairs
- of electrons. This obviously changes the actual bond angles and
- therefore Molecular Modeller insisted on making the linear Na-Cl-Na
- ionic bonds in sodium chloride bend to about 109°. Still, it does call
- itself a molecular modeller.)
- 6.4
- Chemical Modeller also has a number of options which are really too
- advanced for A-Level use. If you do not know what they are, then it is
- unlikely you would want to use them anyway! They include two dimensional
- energy contour maps (Ramachandran Maps), stearic congestion calculations
- and dihedral angle calculations between two arbitrary planes in the
- molecule.
- 6.4
- Arachne Molecular Modeller − Arachne can produce a variety of simple
- animations of the molecule by rotating it around one of the three
- orthogonal axes or an arbitrary axis specified by the user. Small
- molecules can be rotated in real time but larger ones require a ‘film’
- to be made to animate smoothly. Unfortunately, these animations films
- cannot be saved and so have to be calculated each time. This can be
- quite slow for a large space-filled molecule. The animations are very
- smooth. The real time animations are particularly useful because the
- angle step and axes can be altered as the molecule rotates.
- 6.4
- Conclusion
- 6.4
- Both programs have their strong points and their drawbacks. Buying the
- two together would still be cheaper than an equivalent PC program, and
- with the cheap upgrade policy offered, when the glitches are smoothed
- out, you would be left owning a very powerful set of tools.
- 6.4
- Arachne have made modelling very easy indeed. However, before the
- program can be used for A-Level work, the problem of getting the correct
- shape for all molecules will have to be sorted out. There is an energy
- minimisation option in the shape calculation menu but it is ‘greyed out’
- and is not mentioned in the manual nor the tutorial. Presumably this
- aspect of optimising a molecule’s shape will be added as an upgrade in
- the future. Perhaps this option will solve the ‘wandering molecule’ and
- bond angle problem. It would be very nice to see the ability to handle
- ionic structures added as well.
- 6.4
- The SSERC Chemical Modeller is not as friendly to use but does have a
- very wide range of very useful features. Its drawbacks are its non-SI
- handling of units, its inability to save drawfiles and a restricted
- range of atom types in the quick build section. Perhaps the biggest
- problem is the manual which is positively user-hostile! It is vital that
- it is rewritten with lots of step by step examples and clear, simple
- explanations of some of the more advanced ideas. After several attempts,
- I still could not add extra atoms to a completed structure at a later
- time. I also found it almost impossible to predict which internal
- rotation I was choosing in the energy contour section. If the author is
- willing to sort these points out and perhaps make the program look a bit
- more RISC-OS like, then he is onto a real winner. The price is a
- fraction of the equivalent PC modellers. A
- 6.4
- Castle Life
- 6.4
- Charles Hill
- 6.4
- The contents of the Castle Life pack are: manual, 12 worksheets, startup
- disk with !System, !GenLib and !Browser and the Castle Life disc with
- the !Castle application.
- 6.4
- Introduction
- 6.4
- The package is designed to allow exploration of a medieval castle and it
- is based on Barnard Castle in County Durham. It contains pages on castle
- architecture and plans as well as pages on various aspects of life in
- the castle. Oak Solutions claim that it addresses Key Stage 3 Medieval
- realms, Britain 1066−1500 and especially Castles and Cathedrals 1066 −
- 1500. Oak also claim Technology Attainment Target 5 − IT capability −
- this is rather obvious! It also helps to meet the requirements for
- database and simulation use detailed in the programme of study for the
- History National Curriculum.
- 6.4
- Although I am not a historian, I have reviewed the package with the
- involvement of my children aged 5, 7 and 9 who enjoyed it, particularly
- the eldest who has a keen interest in history and found his way to the
- more obscure pages long before I did!
- 6.4
- Setting up
- 6.4
- The start up disc is used to load the !Browser application. When
- !Browser is installed on the iconbar the !Castle application is dragged
- onto it. I ran the software both from floppy disks and from hard disk on
- an A5000 without any problems. Installation and startup procedure are
- clearly detailed in the manual. The !System. modules directory had
- nothing newer than available elsewhere for some time − the inclusion of
- !SysMerge would have made the checking easier.
- 6.4
- The manual also refers to a !Palette icon on which to double click −
- this was not on either disk. I found that mode 27 was not suitable as
- the page windows were never full size making scrolling necessary, modes
- 12, 15 and 20 worked OK although the flicker is a little irritating
- after being used to mode 27.
- 6.4
- The pages
- 6.4
- These are clearly listed with brief notes in the manual. The pages
- include plans of the castle (some labelled), views of the castle at
- different dates and from different directions, construction of towers
- and walls and methods of siege (including animations), the interior of
- buildings within the castle and a number of pages detailing various
- activities such as music, archery, falconry, knights and armour,
- cooking, spinning, forging, etc. Some of these are attractively animated
- − although medieval music played by a computer sounds a little strange!
- Perhaps a sound sample would have been better here. One or two frames
- were a little difficult to get to at first (e.g. the dovecote) but it
- was OK once you knew which tower to click on.
- 6.4
- The worksheets
- 6.4
- These are designed to be used both on and off the computer. Some, such
- as the plans, are specific to Barnard Castle, although one sheet showing
- views at different dates did not correspond with all the dates on the
- screen; some are loosely related to the castle life including working in
- the castle, coats of arms, illuminated writing, medieval games and there
- is a castle design kit − probably better copied onto card − and a map
- showing the distribution of castles in England. The worksheets are
- clearly set out and my 9 year old son had no difficulty with the ones
- that he attempted. I am pleased to see activity sheets which can follow
- on without the need for a computer.
- 6.4
- Using Castle Life
- 6.4
- As with other Genesis applications, my children and I found the package
- easy to use and attractively presented. The text on the introductory
- pages should not prove difficult for a junior school pupil but large
- amounts of text on some pages might cause difficulty for poor readers at
- secondary level, especially as reading from a screen is probably more
- difficult than from a textbook. Initially, I found the lack of labelling
- on the first plan diagram annoying. However, having used the package
- more and having seen children using it, I can see that the package is
- designed so that pupils can explore on their own and find their own way
- through the castle. There are labelled plans further into the package
- which could be used to fill in a worksheet which could then be used for
- a more structured exploration. This would also encourage the transfer of
- ideas from screen to paper. On pages with animation, it was generally
- appropriate and added to the interest of the pages. (I have commented on
- the music above!) The date discrepancy between the worksheet “How the
- Castle Changed” and the page on screen did cause some confusion. Most of
- the worksheet activities are probably relevant to Year 7 and 8 pupils
- and perhaps also younger, rather than older, pupils and they do seem to
- cover a range of ability.
- 6.4
- A page printed out well using a HP Deskjet 500C printer. The colour
- rendition was accurate but the choice of colour for text and its
- background on screen in some cases might cause legibility problems and
- anyone wishing to print out many pages might need to edit pages in
- Genesis to improve the colour contrast between print and background.
- 6.4
- Oak claims that pages can be edited in Genesis II or Genesis Plus, so
- keeping backup copies of the software would be highly desirable if
- pupils have access to such editing facilities!
- 6.4
- The Find option available from the iconbar menu might be useful in some
- cases and seemed to work well. However, with floppy disks, it took a
- considerable time to find and load an appropriate page.
- 6.4
- Conclusion
- 6.4
- At £50 plus VAT for what is effectively a site licence and copiable
- documentation, this seems a worthwhile package and good value for money.
- As an IT coordinator, I shall certainly encourage my History colleagues
- to use it! A
- 6.4
- Southern Printers’ Buildings Drawfiles
- 6.4
- Dave Wilcox
- 6.4
- A new name has entered the world of drawfile clipart − Southern Printers
- which is run by Steve and Karen Southern. Their new disc is one covering
- the topic of buildings. The cost is £9 inclusive.
- 6.4
- What you get
- 6.4
- For £9, you get a disc containing 46 drawings of buildings ranging from
- terraced houses to elaborate castles. These files are compressed using
- Spark from David Pilling. The PD decompression program, Sparkplug is
- also included on the disc. In another directory, called ‘Bits’, are some
- useful component parts that were used in the construction of the
- drawings. Altogether, the files amount to approximately 1.5 Mb of
- drawings.
- 6.4
- Drawings
- 6.4
- The main drawings have been created using Vector from 4Mation. Appar
- ently, you gain extra space with this program if you use the path merge
- facility. This has been done to the main drawings, so if you don’t have
- Vector, editing these drawings can be a complicated process. This is
- another reason for the inclusion of the Bits directory on the disc.
- Personally, I still use DrawPlus and this lends itself nicely to using
- the Bits directory because it is a simple matter to make a library from
- it. It then becomes a quick and easy matter to design a building for
- yourself.
- 6.4
- What else is available?
- 6.4
- There are, currently, three discs available from Southern Printers, all
- of which are available only by mail order. They are SP1 and SP2 which
- contain general drawings which fall into no specific categories and SP3
- which is the buildings disc under review here. The prices are SP1 −
- £5.50, SP2 − £9 and SP3 − £9. (SP1/SP2 ordered together are £12.50.)
- 6.4
- Conclusion
- 6.4
- If you require a drawing of a building and are not artistically minded
- or simply don’t have enough hours in the day, this is the disc for you.
- The drawings are precise, tidy and pleasing to the eye. If you wish to
- see for yourself, before you buy, you can obtain printed samples from
- Southern Printers − simply send them a stamped address envelope
- requesting sample sheets. A
- 6.4
- Screen Turtle
- 6.4
- Hilary Ferns
- 6.4
- The thought of using turtle graphics in the primary classroom fills many
- teachers with anxiety and children with confusion. It is encouraging to
- see programs coming onto the scene to make this a ‘friendly’ area of the
- curriculum. You may have come across Topologika’s ‘Teddy’s Playground’
- for younger children and Sherston Software’s ‘The Crystal Rain Forest’
- for the older juniors, both of which are good introductions to turtle
- graphics. I consider ‘Screen Turtle’ from Topologika to be an excellent
- follow up to these. Its main aim is not to present adventures or puzzles
- as Crystal Rain Forest does but simply to provide the environment for
- the children to explore turtle graphics on the screen.
- 6.4
- Getting started
- 6.4
- The program comes on a single disc, accompanied by an A5 instruction
- booklet, a thinner booklet of classroom ideas and a few worksheets. The
- latter are also provided as drawfiles on the disc so that they can be
- edited to your own requirements. A separate card is provided with
- details concerning registering and loading the program. Once the disc
- has been registered by typing in a name in response to a prompt, a
- backup copy can be made to use as the working copy. The program can be
- run from floppy or hard disc.
- 6.4
- Screens are saved in a compressed form to save disc space, but even so,
- there is very limited space on the disc if you want to keep all the
- example files as well but you can, of course, move the drawfiles off the
- disc. A further way to free more disc space is suggested by eliminating
- the title screen from the startup sequence.
- 6.4
- The program loads in the usual way but takes the user out of the Desktop
- environment. During the loading process, you are prompted to load a
- printer driver if you wish. I was pleased to see that the program makes
- use of the usual RISC-OS printer drivers, and I got good results on both
- a Star LC10 colour and an HP Deskjet. The screen display is simple but
- enhanced by the use of ‘plinth’ effects. Two ‘modes’ are provided:
- ‘Command mode’, in which the typed commands take immediate effect, and
- ‘Define’ mode which is used to build procedures. In ‘Command’ mode, you
- can choose a screen layout with a large graphics area with only two
- lines of text at the bottom, or a slightly reduced graphics area with a
- six line text window. In ‘Define’ mode, where you can build your own
- procedures, the text window is down the lefthand side of the screen.
- 6.4
- Communicating with Screen Turtle
- 6.4
- All the commands and their permissible abbreviations are listed and
- explained in the booklet. However, I felt that a few step by step
- tutorials would have been useful for the absolute beginner. Several
- versions of each command are accepted. For example, ‘FORWARD’ can be
- written as ‘FD’, ‘FOR’, ‘FORWARDS’ or ‘AHEAD’. I should imagine that you
- would need to agree on a version for use in the classroom and stick to
- it. Several of the common commands are available through the function
- keys − for which a keystrip is provided. The program will accept any
- mixture of upper and lower case input. (It actually converts any lower
- case commands to upper case.)
- 6.4
- If Screen Turtle doesn’t understand your input, it will either tell you
- so by a printed message or make an intelligent guess by looking at the
- beginning of your command. In ‘Command’ mode, the program will take each
- command as you type, putting a tick beside each when it has been
- accepted. I found this most helpful, particularly at times when I was
- moving around the screen with ‘pen up’.
- 6.4
- Commands
- 6.4
- All the usual turtle graphics commands are available via the keyboard,
- and the turtle moves smartly round the screen. Some of the more complex
- sequences are rather slow but can be speeded up quite significantly by
- ‘hiding’ the turtle. Building nested ‘REPEAT’ loops in Logo can often be
- confusing and this is made simpler by starting each line in the loop
- with a ‘>’ character. The nested loops then use ‘>>’, ‘>>>’, etc which
- helps to keep track of loops.
- 6.4
- ‘ERASE’ is a very useful little command which erases everything you
- ‘draw’ over. A clock is supplied as an example. At each tick, the last
- line is deleted to give the appearance of the hand moving onwards. This
- is not the same as setting the pen colour to the background colour; in
- such cases, the lines will still be there and so will respond to any
- subsequent ‘FILL’ command.
- 6.4
- Building and saving procedures
- 6.4
- One of the great strengths of any turtle graphics program is in its
- ability to ‘build’ up a list of commands to produce your own procedure.
- Terminology becomes important here. ‘Word’ is used rather than
- ‘Procedure’, recognising that any such defined routine can be called
- with a single word. This seems quite a logical term to use in the
- classroom, although I found it a little confusing at first. To ‘Build’ a
- word you go into ‘define’ mode. Each line of the ‘word’ is entered from
- the keyboard, and the mouse is used to select ‘Run’, ‘Step’, ‘Clear’,
- ‘Print’, etc from a menu.
- 6.4
- There are one or two minor problems concerned with editing and then
- running nested repeat loops while in define mode. These are addressed in
- the instruction booklet and are simply remedied by clicking on ‘Run’ a
- second time. However, it is a little annoying at first.
- 6.4
- Words built up at any one session can be saved as a file. Existing words
- in memory can be deleted and a new file loaded from disc. If any of the
- new words loaded have the same name as any already in memory, the
- incoming ones will be suffixed with an ‘x’. This seems quite a reliable
- method. However, when you quit the program you are only asked ‘Are you
- sure’. No direct mention is made of unsaved work.
- 6.4
- As well as saving words, it is possible to save a ‘Screen’ − i.e. your
- completed picture. These are saved in a compressed form and you can then
- use the ‘TurtleConvert’ program provided on the disc to unpack them so
- that the resulting sprites can be exported for use elsewhere. The
- screens provided on the disc are mazes of varying complexity. They are
- all fairly plain but, with a little imagination, could be edited in
- ‘!Paint’ (or other mode 12 art package), to provide interesting topic-
- based mazes.
- 6.4
- Further refinements
- 6.4
- ‘UNDO’ is a useful command which works on up to ten of the recent
- commands.
- 6.4
- Variables can be set using ‘MAKE’ or ‘LET’.
- 6.4
- A logical AND is provided by embedded ‘IF . . .THENs’.
- 6.4
- Random numbers are catered for with the RANDOM command.
- 6.4
- A grid can be used to make some drawing processes easier. The lines of
- the grid are 100 screen units apart.
- 6.4
- Colours can be added in two ways. You can use the FILL command with the
- turtle inside the area to be filled or you can use PAINT mode, where the
- mouse is used to click on each area to fill. (This is a very ‘Un-Logo-
- like command but it is very useful.) One slightly annoying thing about
- the latter method is that once an area is filled, you cannot change it.
- Instead, you have to go back to the unfilled version and start filling
- your picture all over again.
- 6.4
- ‘HEADING’ turns the turtle a defined number of degrees from North − this
- is a useful command to include in a classroom topic concerning naviga
- tion or map work. ‘VECTOR’, ‘MOVE’ and ‘DRAW’ all require a knowledge of
- the screen coordinates.
- 6.4
- Finally, text can be placed anywhere on the screen in system font, by
- using either the ‘LABEL’ command, which places it at the turtle
- position, or the ‘TYPE’ command which uses the mouse.
- 6.4
- In conclusion
- 6.4
- This is an excellent program, fulfilling the need for an ‘easy to
- learn’, but fairly extensive, turtle graphics program in the junior
- classroom. (Perhaps at £44 the price is a little high for this kind of
- program for many primary schools.) A
- 6.4
- Brian Kerslake of Topologika, saw a copy of the review so here are some
- comments in response....
- 6.4
- From my experience of Screen Turtle being used in schools, I would say
- that when Hilary describes the ‘command modes’, she has omits the mode
- which kids seem to find most useful − when the text window is down the
- left hand side of the screen − just as it is in Define mode.
- 6.4
- Hilary asks for a step by step tutorial. In my opinion, the worksheets
- which she describes elsewhere (and which we supply on disc as well as on
- paper) are just that.
- 6.4
- It is true that when you quit the program, although Screen Turtle asks
- you if you’re sure you want to finish, it doesn’t directly remind you to
- save unsaved work. We will implement this in future versions.
- 6.4
- Hilary wishes that the PAINT command allowed her to change the colour of
- an area she had already filled. So do we, but we couldn’t implement this
- and make it work on a 1 Mb machine along with all the other facilities.
- 6.4
- I strongly disagree with Hilary’s comment on the price. It is almost
- half the cost of other Logos, and we include a site licence giving
- schools the right to make as many copies as they wish. Other publishers
- charge at least double for site licences. We think the price is about
- right. Brian Kerslake, Topologika. A
- 6.4
- Omar Sharif’s Bridge Program
- 6.4
- John Wallace
- 6.4
- The game is supplied in a cardboard box containing one diskette, a slim
- Archive sized manual, a registration card and a card giving loading
- instructions for the Archimedes. This starts by stating there should be
- three icons and the user should double click on the ReadMe icon. There
- is only one icon and no README icon. Not a good start! The card goes on
- to say that the disc may be copied to, and run from, a hard drive and
- used without the need for the original 3½“ disk to be present as a key
- disk. That is not true, the original disc must be in the drive for the
- program to be used!
- 6.4
- The game has been converted from the DOS/Atari/Amiga version and the
- manual covers only those versions. There is no information about which
- of the many features are available on the Archimedes. By trial and
- error, I think that only the Alt-key combinations are available.
- 6.4
- So what can it do? It will bid using either the “Acol” or “5 card Major”
- system and it understands “Stayman” and “Blackwood” conventions. The
- deals may be random dealt, manually entered or recalled from disc. The
- computer can play any or all of the other hands. The default is random-
- deals with the computer playing the West, North and East hands.
- 6.4
- This program is not intended to teach people how to play bridge. There
- is a brief synopsis of the rules and of the history of the game in the
- manual but it very wisely states that “...it is not a comprehensive
- guide to all the facets of the game”!! It does provide some tutorial
- hands on the disc and if you play these, you are only permitted to play
- the cards it expects. If you fail three times then you are told which
- card to play and briefly why you should play that card.
- 6.4
- <Alt-P> brings up a menu that allows you to save the current hand to
- disc as a text file including the bidding and scoring. There is a write-
- to-port option which I assume is intended to send the output to a
- printer but nothing happens on my machine.
- 6.4
- The main playing screen is a green background divided into nine areas by
- yellow lines. The centre area is the main playing area with the hands
- displayed top, bottom, left and right as you might expect. The four
- corner areas are used for information. Bearing in mind that it is
- presumably in mode 12, the quality of the cards and the presentation is
- good.
- 6.4
- Once you have made your selections, the main screen is displayed with
- only the South cards face up. The cards for any hand can be revealed or
- hidden by using <Alt-W>, <Alt-N>, etc. We are now introduced to the
- digitised voice of Omar Sharif announcing who is to start the bidding
- and I thought it sounded quite reasonable. The bidding and game play is
- best controlled by using the mouse to click on the card or bid (only
- <select> seems to do anything). Alternatively, the keyboard may be used
- as described in the booklet. Illegal bids are ignored. Omar then
- announces the final contract and who is to lead. After the opening lead,
- the Dummy’s cards are revealed.
- 6.4
- I have only had a few hours with it so far but the game play seems
- reasonable. When I get time, I will investigate it thoroughly and report
- back. Once you start play, the worst feature of the game is revealed. At
- the end of each trick Omar solemnly says “That was good play” if you win
- the trick or “That was not quite right” if you lose the trick − even if
- you lose it to the Ace of trumps!! This gets incredibly wearing after a
- while! Surely it should be possible to provide the comments only when
- the play is thought to be below or above par? Once the bidding has
- started, one cannot exit from the game other than by pressing reset.
- 6.4
- So what is my overall first impression? On the plus side, I can now do
- simple bidding and play a game of bridge on my computer, but as a
- spokesman for the keen duplicate bridge player and dedicated Archimedes
- user, I think we deserve better. I would like to see a conversion from
- one of the dedicated bridge playing computers with many more bidding and
- playing conventions. Also, it would be good to have an option to use
- mode 20 for people with multisync monitors.
- 6.4
- On the minus side, I think the conversion from the DOS version could
- have been a lot better. I object strongly to having to put the original
- disc in every time, what’s the point in having a hard disc? Omar’s
- comments at the end of every trick must be removed.
- 6.4
- Omar Sharif’s Bridge is £29.99 from Krisalis Software or £28 through
- Archive. A
- 6.4
- Oak Solutions (p8) Suite 25,
- Robin Enterprise Centre, Leeds Road, Idle, Yorkshire BD10 9TE.
- (0274−620423) (0274−620419)
- 6.4
- Oregan Developments 36 Grosvenor
- Avenue, Streetly, Sutton Coldfield B74 3PE.
- 6.4
- Ray Maidstone 421 Sprowston Road, Norwich NR3 4EH. (0603−400477)
- (0603−417447)
- 6.4
- Risc Developments 117 Hatfield Road, St Albans, Herts AL1 4JS.
- (0727−40303) (0727−860263)
- 6.4
- Safesell Exhibitions Market
- House, Cross Road, Tadworth, Surrey KT20 5SR.
- 6.4
- Sigma Press 1 South Oak Lane, Wilmslow, Cheshire SK9 6AR.
- 6.4
- Southern Printers 47 Drake
- Road, Willesborough, Ashford, Kent TN24 0UZ. (0233−633919)
- 6.4
- Spacetech (p15) 21 West Wools, Portland, Dorset DT5 2EA.
- (0305−822753) (0305−860483)
- 6.4
- SSERC 24 Bernard Terrace, Edinburgh, EH8 9NX. (031-668-4421)
- 6.4
- State Machine 75 Upper Wellington Street, Luton, Bedfordshire LU1
- 5AA. (0582−483377) (0582−480833)
- 6.4
- Topologika P.O. Box 39, Stilton, Peterborough PE7 3RL. (0733−244682)
- 6.4
- Wild Vision 15 Witney Way, Boldon Colliery, Tyne & Wear NE35 9PE.
- (091−519−1455) (091−519−1929)
- 6.4
-
- 6.4
- (Very) Silly Competition
- 6.4
- At the Archive Christmas Luncheon, we had Christmas crackers with the
- usual groan-making jokes. One of the ‘jokes’ left all twelve of us
- completely bewildered.
- 6.4
- The first person to write in and explain why it is supposed to be funny,
- will receive a free Archive mug. If your explanation makes us laugh, we
- may even send you two! Anyway, here goes...
- 6.4
- Definition of fish: The only animal that keeps growing after it’s dead.
- 6.4
- How’s that for an obscure joke?! A
- 6.4
-
- 6.5
- The future of Acorn looks good
- 6.5
- The BETT Show had a very healthy Acorn presence with lots of new
- software and some important new hardware − see “Products Available” and
- “The Ultimate Expansion?”. (The latter will give a new lease of life to
- the A3010, 3020 and 4000 machines.) Judging by the way Acorn’s shares
- rose so steeply this month, I suspect there is something else in the
- air. And the recent 1% drop in interest rates can only help the consumer
- market, too.
- 6.5
- The future of Norwich Computer Services?
- 6.5
- It is ironical after the comments I made in the “God-slot” last month
- but N.C.S. is currently suffering the most difficult cash flow problems
- it has ever faced. Taking on extra staff and setting up new phone
- systems and our new demonstration area and service centre has been
- something of a drain on our resources. (This is all so that we can try
- to qualify on Acorn’s Educational Dealership criteria.)
- 6.5
- We have just launched the Archive Words Discs (see Products Available).
- For example, if you want (almost) all the Hints and Tips ever published
- in Archive on a disc in Edit format, it is available now. Load up the
- file, search for the hint you want and then look it up in the relevant
- magazine. I am finding the facility extremely useful − I don’t know why
- I didn’t think of it before. If you think you might find such a disc
- useful, can I ask you to buy it from us sooner rather than later − you’d
- be helping to keep us afloat!
- 6.5
- Thanks for all your support. Enjoy the magazine − it’s another 80-page
- one!
- 6.5
- Yours,
- 6.5
-
- 6.5
- Products Available
- 6.5
- • A3010 digital joystick software − At last the A3010 joystick ports can
- start being used properly! The Leading Edge have just released a
- software package which allows the digital joystick ports on the A3010 to
- be used correctly. The A3010 “Joymaster” enables the built-in joystick
- ports to be used with games not specifically written to support Acorn’s
- Joystick Standard. It allows custom design of joystick and keyboard
- controls, and includes a unique “mapping” feature which allows a
- joystick to emulate keystrokes or mouse controls. In practice, this
- means that it should work with just about any game written for the
- Archimedes as well as having the capability to work in the desktop. Also
- included with the package are several pre-defined joystick mappings
- designed to work with many of the more popular games. The Archive price
- is £28. For those of you still in the dark about joysticks and the
- supporting software and hardware, we hope to be giving some help in next
- month’s Archive.
- 6.5
- • A3020/A4000 Econet upgrade − HCCS have beaten Acorn to it − they now
- have an AUN-compatible Econet upgrade available for the A3020 and A4000
- for £39 +VAT (£43 through Archive). There is an Econet cable sold
- separately for £10 +VAT (or £11 through Archive).
- 6.5
- • ABC of Art is a set of clipart drawn using Artworks and available in
- Artworks or Draw format. The first in the series has nine illustrations,
- Aborigine, AC_Cobra, Acorn, Aeroplane, Aerosol, Alsatian, Arches, Arrows
- and a letter A. The price is £8 inclusive from J Jeffery, Tideways,
- South Road, Bream, Somerset TA8 2SE.
- 6.5
- • A Beginner’s Guide to Wimp Programming − Martyn Fox has written a 180-
- page book which sets out to explain wimp programming (in Basic) from the
- very beginning. The price is £14.95 from Sigma Press or £14 through
- Archive. If you want a disc to save you typing in all the programs
- yourself, you have to write direct to the author and send £3.95. The
- name and address is given in the book.
- 6.5
- • Aldebaran − This new game mentioned last month is now available
- through Archive for £32.
- 6.5
- • Ancestry upgrade − Minerva have produced a new version of Ancestry
- which, amongst other things, allows on-screen preview of the sideways
- print mode. Also, the key-disc copy-protection system is no longer used.
- Send your master disc plus a cheque for £11.75 to Minerva.
- 6.5
- • An Eye for Spelling is an educational program providing a visual
- approach to spelling. It contains 3,500 words which are aimed at
- children in the 5−11 year age range and are grouped according to letter
- patterns. An Eye for Spelling is £35 +VAT (including a site licence)
- from ESM or £38 through Archive.
- 6.5
- • Arc Embroidery price drop − Techsoft’s computer embroidery package
- (see review on page 61) has dropped in price from £749.95 +VAT to
- £699.95 +VAT. (This may be because they now have competition − see page
- 7.)
- 6.5
- • Archive Monthly Program Discs − We get asked, fairly regularly, about
- the Archive monthly program discs. Basically, all they consist of is any
- programs and data files that are referred to in the magazine plus any
- other bits and pieces that come our way. We sometimes use the disc to
- send out updated versions of PD software, we try to put on it updates of
- the ArcScan magazine data for Archive (Shareware 7) and, in future, we
- will try to fit on the updates to the Archive Words Discs for Hints &
- Tips and Products Available, i.e. the text of that month’s H & T and
- Products Available columns in Edit format. The discs are £2 each. You
- can buy them individually or the whole of the current year for £24 − I
- realise that this is not a discount, but ordering them in advance is a
- convenience for you and extra admin for us!
- 6.5
- • Archive Monthly Program Disc Index − If you want to know what the
- monthly program discs actually contain, the most up-to-date list we have
- is an Edit format index which appears on the Archive Products Available
- Words Disc (£2) − see opposite.
- 6.5
- • Archive Words Discs − A number of people have asked if we can supply
- Archive magazine in machine readable format. Thus far I have resisted
- the pressure for copyright reasons. However, I recently created some
- Edit files of the text of all the Archive magazines that were created on
- the Archimedes − i.e. from Archive 4.5 onwards. (Prior to that they were
- produced on Apple Macs.) I have found it extremely helpful to be able to
- load up one file of text containing all the words of, say, volume 5
- (2.6Mb of text!) and search through for some reference or other. These
- files are now permanently on my pinboard. I have therefore decided to
- release these files for sale on disc. They are:
- 6.5
- Words 4.5 − 4.8 £2
- 6.5
- Words 4.9 − 4.12 £2
- 6.5
- Words 5.1 − 5.6 £2
- 6.5
- Words 5.7 − 5.12 £2
- 6.5
- Words 6.1 − 6.4* £2
- 6.5
- Please note the licence conditions of these discs − they are only for
- sale to those people who already own copies of the magazines to which
- they refer. We are not asking for proof of purchase but are trusting
- your honesty. The alternative to this licence condition would be to sell
- the discs for, say, £5 each to make them comparable with the cost of
- buying the magazine but this we did not want to do. N.B. If you want the
- back issues of the actual magazines, they are all still available at
- special prices: Vols 1−4 at £22 and Vols 1−5 at £25.
- 6.5
- *Volume 6 will have to be on three discs (assuming we continue to
- generate these 80-page issues!) as there is too much text, even when
- compressed, to fit onto two discs. Volume 5 just squeezes onto two discs
- in compressed format.
- 6.5
- N.B. The Edit files are so large that you need a 2Mb machine to un-
- compress the files from the individual discs. If you then want to
- combine, say, all of volume 5, you will need a 4Mb machine.
- 6.5
- • Archive Products Available Compilation. This goes right back to the
- very beginning of Archive’s life because we took the trouble, for our
- own purposes, to go back to the issues that were produced on the Mac to
- collect all this information. We find it very useful to have all this
- information in a single file. If we want to know, for example, if there
- has ever been a product that dealt with electronic circuit analysis, we
- just load up this file and search for the appropriate words. Also
- included on the disc are lists of the contents of the Shareware,
- Careware and Archive monthly program discs in Edit format. This disc
- costs £2 from Archive.
- 6.5
- • Archive Hints & Tips Compilation. This is another extremely useful
- compilation for anybody who uses an Archimedes machine − I don’t know
- why we didn’t think of doing it before! These discs contain all the
- Hints & Tips columns plus some of the specialist hints & tips columns
- like Impression, First Word Plus, RISC-OS 2 and RISC-OS 3. As with the
- Products Available Compilation, it goes right back to the beginning of
- Archive. The way we envisage them being used is that you load them into
- Edit, search for the word(s) you are looking for, identify which
- magazine contains the hint you want, then go and look it up in the
- actual magazine. These Edit files contain no formatting and the sections
- that were transferred from the Apple Mac may contain inaccuracies and
- some program segments are missing, so please refer to the original text
- in the magazine. These discs are £6 each.
- 6.5
- They are:
- 6.5
- Hints Vols (1 − 4) £6
- 6.5
- Hints Vols 5 & 6 £6
- 6.5
- Hints Vols (1 − 6) £10
- 6.5
- (The Hints 1−6 disc is only recommended for use on machines with 2Mb or
- more as it will not un-compress into a 1Mb machine.)
- 6.5
- • Archive Shareware & Careware Compilations − We have just realised that
- those who own removable drives might wish to get hold of PD software in
- bulk! We have therefore produced two compilation removable discs. All
- the Archive Shareware discs (over 40 all together) have been put onto
- one 42M cartridge. This disc is £75. All the Archive Careware discs (19
- so far) have also been put onto a single 42M cartridge. The cost is £100
- and, of this, £75 covers the cost of the media plus duplication and £25
- goes to charity.
- 6.5
- • Artroom CD-ROM − Matt Black have produced a CD-ROM version of their
- Image Club clipart library (Archive 5.11 p2). For £295 +£2 p&p (no VAT),
- you get over 4,000 clipart images, all in EPS format, that can be loaded
- directly into ArtWorks.
- 6.5
- • BookMaker − BookMaker is a DTP program that allows teachers and pupils
- to produce storybooks. It allows you to manipulate text and graphics and
- its features can be tailored by the teacher to the age and ability of
- the pupils. The price is £49.95 +VAT from RESOURCE for a single user
- licence. This price includes the BookWorm application which allows
- BookMaker books to be replayed a page at a time or as an animation.
- 6.5
- • BookStore is an educational program aimed at children in Key Stages 1
- & 2. It provides a framework for children to write, store and retrieve
- book reviews. BookStore costs £39.50 +VAT (including a site licence)
- from ESM or £43 through Archive.
- 6.5
- • Careware 18 − Atomwide have released the software for their VIDC
- Enhancers into the public domain. We have made it available on Careware
- 18 and added various other utilities for monitors. (We hope to have the
- VIDC Enhancer hardware on sale again soon.)
- 6.5
- The rest of the disc contains: iconbar mode number display, extended
- screen modes for the Sony CPD-1402, mode 108 which provides 1024×448
- pixels & 16 colours @ 59Hz, mode 112 for the Acorn AKF18 m/s monitor,
- VIDC enhancer modules for NEC 3D, tweaked PC emulator modes for NEC 3D,
- extended screen modes (76-102) for NEC 3D, mode creation and editing for
- pre-A5000s with AKF18, module for modes 0-15 for use on an A410 with an
- AKF18 monitor, alternative to Atomwide’s VIDC enhancer software. The
- price is £5 from Archive.
- 6.5
- • Careware 19 − This disc contains a range of utilities for graphics
- file conversion (much of which used to be on Careware 13) and some
- statistics software. The price is £5 from Archive.
- 6.5
- Graphics utilities consist of the latest versions of: !CGM->Draw (2.60),
- !Draw->CGM (1.10), !Draw->EPS (1.10), !Draw->Met (1.00) (Draw to OS2
- Metafiles), !Dxf-CGM (1.00), !Plotter (1.30) which allows drawfiles to
- be plotted to a SketchMate A4 plotter, !Creator (1.13) which converts
- sprites to GIF, TIFF, AIM and PBM and !Translator (6.45) which converts
- various graphics filetypes to sprites.
- 6.5
- The suite of stand-alone statistical utilities written in Basic consists
- of: Transfer to/from PipeDream/Edit/ASCII text, graph drawing/plotting,
- histograms, area under curve, half-life calculation, mean, deviation &
- variance calculations, T-tests, regression analysis, linear regression,
- F-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Spearman
- correlation, chi², Fisher exact test, Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, sample &
- survival stats, covariate analysis, one-way independence tests, two-way
- independence test, Altman-Bland test, predicted & PC calculation.
- 6.5
- • Choices is an educational utility that allows students to do a wide
- range of activities by selecting images. Preferences can be expressed as
- well as giving right answers. It uses still or moving images, sprites or
- drawfiles and allows jigsaws to be made. Teachers can modify existing
- activities (four discs of resources are included) or create their own
- activities. The price is £35 +VAT from Widgit Software.
- 6.5
- • ClearView hypertext utility (mentioned in Archive 5.8 p2) has dropped
- in price to £29.95 inc VAT from DEC_dATA.
- 6.5
- • Clipart − Software42 have three discs of clipart on offer at £15 per
- disc, inclusive. They are 1−Electronics, 2−Animals and Birds, 3−People.
- 6.5
- Bright Ideas have produced eleven discs of clipart: 1−General,
- 2−Transport, 3−Costumes, 4−Entertainment, 5−Bugs to Slugs, 6−Road Signs,
- 7−Sports Equipment, 8−Sports Figures, 9−Dinosaurs, 10−Symbols, 11−Tools.
- These discs are £8 +VAT each from Desktop Projects.
- 6.5
- • Courses, various − The ARM Club are arranging various courses on
- topics such as music, games, teaching for teachers(!), Impression,
- PipeDream, Squirrel, Genesis. For details, contact Dr Nick Evans, 19
- Woodberry Way, London N12 0HE.
- 6.5
- • Craftshop 1, Craftshop 2, Jigsaw and Jiglet from 4Mation have all come
- down in price. Each is now £19.95 +VAT from 4Mation or £22 through
- Archive.
- 6.5
- • Cyborg the arcade-style, multi-location adventure game from Alpine
- Software (mentioned in Archive 6.3 p3) is now available through Archive
- for £24.
- 6.5
- • DDE Pascal upgrade − Acorn have upgraded their (PD) DDE Pascal to
- version 4.10. The main changes are that several bugs have been fixed,
- forward function declarations now work, range checking on assignment has
- been added, the optimiser has been improved, the predefined type ‘Error’
- has been renamed ‘OS_Error’ as ‘Error’ caused name clashes with some
- programs and ‘input’ and ‘output’ can now be used explicitly without
- declaring them in the program header (except when compiling with -ISO).
- 6.5
- If you want the updated version you can either buy another copy of
- Careware 17 at £5 or send your old Careware 17 back with a donation to
- charity and we will upgrade it for you.
- 6.5
- • Desktop Folio − ESM have reduced the price of their word-processor/DTP
- package to £64 +VAT (£70 through Archive). A site licence is available
- from ESM for £180 +VAT. They also now have five curriculum packs for use
- with Desktop Folio. The subjects are: World War II, Christmas, Space,
- Maths and Editors. The latter is a set of material for anyone designing
- newspapers, magazines, etc. These packs are £22.50 +VAT each (including
- a site licence) from ESM.
- 6.5
- • Eizo prices up − As from February 1st, the price of Eizo monitors has
- risen slightly. The 9060 has gone up to an Archive price of £550, the
- F550 to £980, the F750 to £1650, the T560iT to £1500, and the T660iT to
- £2100.
- 6.5
- • Expanded keyboard − Northwest SEMERC have produced an expanded
- keyboard for use on Archimedes computers. It works with A300, A400,
- A540, A3000, A4000 and A5000 (although the A3000 needs an interface unit
- fitted inside the computer). The keyboard comes complete with a
- perforated steel key guard which enables users with poor motor control
- to rest their hands thus avoiding unwanted key-presses. For those who
- find multiple key-presses (e.g. <ctrl-V>, etc) difficult or impossible,
- there is an electronic control which allows ‘sticky keys’ to be used,
- i.e. <shift>, <ctrl> or <alt> can effectively be held down while another
- key is pressed − all with single key-presses.
- 6.5
- • Fades is an addition to Silica Software Systems’ art package, Flare.
- It adds a carousel facility to allow you to build up a rolling display
- of Flare pictures or other sprites. The complete pack of Flare + Fades
- is £29.30 (or £22 for education) and the upgrade to add Fades is £7 if
- you send your original disc back to Silica.
- 6.5
- • Gestalt 2: Money & Shopping is an educational program from Basing
- Educational Software. This desktop application is aimed at primary and
- special needs and allows pupils to deal with coins and notes to exact
- quantities and to deal with rounding up. The price is £30 +VAT from
- Basing.
- 6.5
- • Gestalt Number is a set of six educational programs for primary and
- special needs pupils dealing with counting, number recognition,
- sequencing, categorization, number bonds and multiplication. The price
- is £50 +VAT from Basing Educational Software.
- 6.5
- • Granny’s back! − Those who remember Granny’s Garden from the BBC B
- days will be pleased to hear that 4Mation have re-released it as a 4-
- disc set for the Archimedes. The plot is the same but it has all new
- graphics. Granny’s Garden is £24.50 +VAT (£27 through Archive) and there
- is a site licence (£49 +VAT) and a Granny’s Garden Resource Pack (£10
- +VAT) also available from 4Mation.
- 6.5
- • HiVision Digitiser − HCCS have produced a colour digitiser in their
- Vision range that digitises at 508 line × 720 pixel. You will need 2Mb
- minimum to run the software and 4Mb is recommended. The A3000 version
- (internal) is £129 +VAT (£145 through Archive), the A3000 version
- (external) is £142 +VAT (£160 through Archive), the standard podule
- version (A300/400/5000) is £129 +VAT (£145 through Archive), the
- MicroPodule version is also £129 +VAT (£145 through Archive).
- 6.5
- • Ixion − This is a futuristic 3D adventure game from Software42. The
- price is £25 inclusive from Software42.
- 6.5
- • Joysticks interface − Magnetic Image have produced (yet another)
- joystick interface. However, this is unique in that it has four digital
- joystick ports and supports joysticks with a second fire button −
- something that other interfaces don’t do. The package consists of a
- software module and a hardware dongle for the printer port which has a
- trailing lead to the four-port interface box. This dongle is a ‘through
- connector’ allowing you to connect the printer at the same time and it
- has a switch to allow you to select between the printer and the joystick
- interface. There is even a second fire button for each port in case your
- existing joystick doesn’t have one. As with all joystick interfaces,
- there are some games that just don’t support joysticks and it is worth
- checking before you buy games. Price is £34.95 from Magnetic Image.
- 6.5
- • Kepler is Spacetech’s satellite orbital predication software. This
- RISC-OS application costs £29.50 inc VAT from Spacetech.
- 6.5
- • KidPix is an art package aimed at children in Key Stages 1 & 2. This
- costs £37.50 +VAT from ESM or £41 through Archive.
- 6.5
- • Label Printer is a utility from Software42 for designing labels using
- sprites and drawfiles and printing them onto tractor-feed mounted
- labels. The price is £15 inclusive from Software42.
- 6.5
- • Linguist is a computerised foreign language dictionary currently
- containing 18 languages: Afrikaans, Cornish, Chinese, Danish, Dutch,
- Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Irish, Italian,
- Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swahili, Swedish, Welsh. Linguist
- consists of a dictionary, a quiz/game and an ‘automatic dictionary look-
- up’ which allows you to drop a text file onto it and, by doing a trans-
- literation, it will give you a vague idea of the text’s content although
- it will obviously not be a proper translation of the text.
- 6.5
- Linguist is available from Bits ’n Bytes for £30 inc VAT. This includes
- all 18 languages and more are currently being added − the price includes
- a free upgrade to the new languages as and when available.
- 6.5
- • Masterfile 3 − Risc Developments have released a new version of their
- long-standing database in Archimedes format. The price is £49 +VAT from
- Risc Developments.
- 6.5
- • Mitre Software − Owners of DiscTree and/or TimeWatch need to know that
- Mitre Software has ceased trading. However, until 30th June 1993, you
- can get your software upgraded to make it RISC-OS 3 compatible free-of-
- charge. To do this, send your original system disc together with an
- S.A.E. to the address at the back of the magazine.
- 6.5
- • My World 2 − This is an upgraded version of the application produced
- by Northwest SEMERC which allows children to manipulate drawfiles. New
- screens include Goldilocks and an improved version of Teddy screen for
- infants as well as Make a Town for juniors. Secondary school students
- can use My World for Electronics pictures and to investigate Pythagoras’
- theorem. For Key Stage 3 foreign language students, there is Dessin and
- Grandeur. New functions include screen-linking for story-telling,
- rotate, re-size and flip objects, and pop-up windows for access to
- further libraries. It costs £28 +VAT and there are over 18 My World
- resource packs available. The original, simpler version of My World is
- still available at £18 +VAT from NW SEMERC.
- 6.5
- • Noot is an animation package for education from 4Mation. It is
- particularly aimed at pre-school, infant and junior to provide “a
- stimulating environment for language development”. The price is £45 +VAT
- (£48 through Archive) for a single user. Additional key-discs at £10
- +VAT and a site licence at £90 +VAT are available from 4Mation.
- 6.5
- • Parish Magazine is a clipart and text collection from DEC_dATA. It
- consists of three discs of clipart plus a disc of the full text of the
- King James Version of the New Testament. The price is £19.95 inc VAT
- from DEC_dATA.
- 6.5
- • PenDown Etoiles − the French version of Longman Logotron’s educational
- word-processor is available now. Intended to complement the 5 year
- Etoiles French course from the BBC and Longman, it is aimed at Key
- Stages 3 and 4 for Modern Foreign Languages. It includes a 72,000 word
- French dictionary. The price is £54 +VAT from Longman or £58 through
- Archive. Longman also do a site licence for £330 +VAT and there is an
- upgrade licence for PenDown and PenDown Plus licence holders.
- 6.5
- • Perspectives − Techsoft have produced a new 3D design package which
- allows wireframe drawings to be created in any of three orthographic
- windows, the result being displayed in the fourth window. It can
- instantly change from 1st to 3rd angle. The pictorial view can be
- isometric, oblique or perspective and the perspective view can be
- rotated and zoomed. There is also a special stereo viewing mode for use
- with the special glasses provided and the view can be rotated to allow
- you to view the object from any direction. Perspectives is £45 +VAT from
- Techsoft for a single copy or £75 +VAT for an educational site licence.
- 6.5
- • PlayBack is Risc Developments’ mouse recording software. It allows you
- to create demonstrations of programs that run in the desktop. PlayBack
- costs £19 +VAT from Risc Developments.
- 6.5
- • Podd − This well-known character from the BBC educational world has
- now made it into Archimedes format. This is a language-development
- program aimed at Key Stages 1 & 2 − and it’s also good fun! Podd is
- £27.50 +VAT (including a site licence) from ESM or £30 through Archive.
- 6.5
- • POEM Embroidery System − Commotion have produced a computer embroidery
- system based on the same POEM500 personal embroidery machine as used by
- Techsoft. Commotion’s price, including “Poetry” software is £699.95
- +VAT. Poetry accepts sprites and drawfiles but also has its own built-in
- art package. (The software is ready now, but not the manual. We will
- review it when it does become available.)
- 6.5
- • PowerRouter is an add-on to Silicon Vision’s ArcPCB. It takes an
- ArcPCB design in “rat’s nest” form and generates a multi-layer routed
- design using “100% rip-up re-try” techniques. The price is £195 incVAT
- from Silicon Vision. (ArcPCB is £125 inc VAT.)
- 6.5
- • PrimeWord − Minerva have released their new word processor aimed at
- educational users. It is a font-based wordprocessor with spelling
- checker and dictionary. It can import graphics into the text and the
- package is configurable to make it suitable at different levels within
- the school. The price is £59 +VAT (or £64 through Archive) or £236 +VAT
- for a site licence from Minerva.
- 6.5
- • QuickShow − This is an ‘easy-to-use’ slide show presentation and video
- titling package from Desktop Projects Ltd. The price is £25 +VAT from
- Desktop Projects.
- 6.5
- • QuickSound − Des